Wannan labarin ya fi nazartar matakai biyu da aka fi amfani da su a cikin PCB Tsarin jiyya na saman: sinadarai nickel zinariya da matakan tsari na OSP da halaye.

1. Sinadarin nickel zinariya

1.1 Matakai na asali

Degewa → Wanke Ruwa → neutralization → wanke ruwa → micro-etching → wanke ruwa → pre-soaking → kunnawa palladium → busawa da motsa ruwa → rashin nickel → ruwan zafi → zinare mara amfani → sake yin amfani da ruwa → wankewar ruwa bayan magani → bushewa

1.2 Nickel mara amfani

A. Gabaɗaya, nickel maras amfani ya kasu zuwa nau’ikan “matsewa” da “nau’in kai”. Akwai da yawa dabaru, amma ko da wanne daya, da high-zazzabi mai rufi ingancin ne mafi alhẽri.

B. Nickel Chloride (Nickel Chloride) galibi ana amfani dashi azaman gishirin nickel

C. Abubuwan rage yawan amfani da su sune Hypophosphite/Formaldehyde/Hydrazine/Borohydride/Amine Borane

D. Citrate shine wakili na yau da kullun.

E. pH na maganin wanka yana buƙatar daidaitawa da sarrafawa. A al’adance, ana amfani da ammonia (Amonia), amma akwai kuma hanyoyin da suke amfani da triethanol ammonia (Triethanol Amine). Baya ga daidaitaccen pH da kwanciyar hankali na ammonia a yanayin zafi mai yawa, yana kuma haɗawa da sodium citrate don samar da jimlar ƙarfe na nickel. Wakilin chelating, ta yadda za a iya ajiye nickel a kan sassan da aka ɗora a hankali da inganci.

F. Baya ga rage matsalolin gurbatawa, yin amfani da sodium hypophosphite kuma yana da tasiri mai girma akan ingancin sutura.

G. Wannan yana ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin da ake amfani da su don tankuna na nickel.

Binciken Halayen Ƙirƙira:

A. PH darajar tasiri: turbidity zai faru a lokacin da pH ne kasa da 8, da kuma bazuwa zai faru a lokacin da pH ya fi 10. Ba shi da wani tasiri a kan abun ciki na phosphorus, deposition rate da phosphorus abun ciki.

B. Tasirin yanayin zafi: zafin jiki yana da tasiri mai girma akan yawan hazo, matakin yana jinkirin ƙasa 70 ° C, kuma ƙimar yana da sauri sama da 95 ° C kuma ba za a iya sarrafa shi ba. 90 ° C shine mafi kyau.

C. A cikin abun da ke tattare da abun da ke ciki, abun ciki na sodium citrate yana da girma, ƙaddamar da ƙwayar cuta yana ƙaruwa, ƙaddamar da ƙaddamarwa ya ragu, kuma abun ciki na phosphorus yana ƙaruwa tare da ƙaddamar da ƙwayar cuta. Abubuwan da ke cikin phosphorus na tsarin triethanolamine na iya zama har zuwa 15.5%.

D. Yayin da maida hankali na mai rage sodium dihydrogen hypophosphite ya karu, adadin ajiyar kuɗi yana ƙaruwa, amma maganin wanka yana raguwa lokacin da ya wuce 0.37M, don haka ƙaddamarwa bai kamata ya zama mai girma ba, mai girma yana da illa. Babu wata bayyananniyar dangantaka tsakanin abun ciki na phosphorus da wakili mai ragewa, don haka ya dace gabaɗaya don sarrafa taro a kusan 0.1M.

E. Abubuwan da ke tattare da triethanolamine zai shafi abun ciki na phosphorus na sutura da kuma yawan adadin kuɗi. Mafi girman ƙaddamarwa, ƙananan abun ciki na phosphorus da raguwa a hankali, don haka yana da kyau a ci gaba da maida hankali a kusan 0.15M. Baya ga daidaita pH, ana iya amfani da shi azaman chelator na ƙarfe.

F. Daga tattaunawar, an san cewa za’a iya daidaita ƙwayar sodium citrate ta yadda ya kamata don canza yadda ya dace da abun ciki na phosphorus na rufi.

H. Gabaɗaya wakilan rage ragewa sun kasu kashi biyu:

Filayen jan ƙarfe galibi ba a kunna shi ba ne domin ya sa ya samar da wutar lantarki mara kyau don cimma burin “buɗe plating”. Wurin jan ƙarfe yana ɗaukar hanyar palladium maras amfani ta farko. Saboda haka, akwai phosphorus eutectosis a cikin dauki, kuma 4-12% abun ciki na phosphorus na kowa. Saboda haka, lokacin da adadin nickel ya yi girma, rufin ya rasa ƙarfinsa da magnetism, kuma raguwa yana ƙaruwa, wanda ke da kyau ga rigakafin tsatsa da kuma mummunar haɗin waya da waldawa.

1.3 babu wutar lantarki

A. Electroless zinariya an kasu kashi “Zinare gudun hijira” da “electroless zinariya”. Na farko shine abin da ake kira “zinariyar nutsewa” (lmmersion Gold plaTing). Layin platin yana sirara kuma saman ƙasa ya cika kuma ya tsaya. Ƙarshen yana karɓar wakili mai ragewa don samar da electrons don plating Layer ya ci gaba da yin kauri da nickel maras amfani.

B. Siffar dabarar ragi shine: raguwa rabin amsawa: Au e- Au0 oxidation rabin amsa dabara: Reda Ox e- cikakkiyar dabarar amsawa: Au Red aAu0 Ox.

C. Baya ga samar da gine-ginen tushen zinare da rage yawan wakilai, dole ne kuma a yi amfani da dabarar plating ɗin zinare maras amfani tare da haɗe-haɗe da ma’auni, stabilizers, buffers da abubuwan kumburi don yin tasiri.

D. Wasu rahotannin bincike sun nuna cewa an inganta inganci da ingancin zinare. Zaɓin wakilai na ragewa shine maɓalli. Daga farkon formaldehyde zuwa mahadi na borohydride na baya-bayan nan, potassium borohydride yana da sakamako na yau da kullun. Ya fi tasiri idan aka yi amfani da shi tare da sauran wakilai masu ragewa.

E. Ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaddamarwa na sutura yana ƙaruwa tare da haɓakar potassium hydroxide da rage yawan ƙwayar wakili da zafin jiki na wanka, amma yana raguwa tare da karuwar ƙwayar potassium cyanide.

F. Matsakaicin zafin aiki na hanyoyin kasuwanci shine galibi a kusa da 90 ° C, wanda shine babban gwaji don kwanciyar hankali na kayan.

G. Idan girma a gefe yana faruwa akan siraren da’ira na bakin ciki, yana iya haifar da haɗarin ɗan gajeren kewayawa.

H. Zinariya mai kauri yana da saurin lalacewa kuma yana da sauƙin samar da Galvanic Cell Corrosion K. Matsalolin porosity na bakin gwal na bakin ciki za’a iya magance su ta hanyar wucewar aiki bayan aiki mai ɗauke da phosphorus.