Matsayin zartarwa na nau’ikan nau’ikan VI shine eia/tia 568b 2-1. Mafi mahimmancin sigogi sune asarar shigarwa, asarar dawowa, kusa da ƙarshen magana, da dai sauransu.

Saka asara: saboda wanzuwar tashewar tashar watsawa, zai ƙara rage yawan abubuwan sigina na sigina yayin da mitar sigina ke ƙaruwa. Ƙaddamarwa ba wai kawai yana da alaƙa da mitar siginar ba, har ma yana da alaƙa da nisan watsawa. Yayin da tsayin ya ƙaru, harafin
Har ila yau, attenuation na siginar yana ƙaruwa. Ana auna shi ta adadin asarar sigina tare da tashar watsawa a tsawon raka’a, kuma yana wakiltar rabon ƙarfin sigina daga mai watsa tushe zuwa mai karɓa.

Komawa hasara: saboda canjin rashin ƙarfi a cikin samfurin, girgizar gida zai faru, yana haifar da tunanin sigina. Wani ɓangare na makamashin da aka nuna ga mai watsawa zai haifar da hayaniya, wanda zai haifar da karkatar da sigina da rage aikin watsawa. Kamar cikakken duplex kilo
Megagrid zai yi kuskuren siginar da aka nuna don siginar da aka karɓa, yana haifar da sauye-sauye na sigina masu amfani da haifar da rudani. Ƙarƙashin ƙarfin da ba a iya nunawa yana nufin cewa daidaiton impedance na layin da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin tashar ya fi kyau, mafi cikakken siginar watsawa, kuma ƙaramar ƙarar a tashar. amsawa
Ƙididdigar ƙididdiga na asarar RL: asarar dawowa = siginar da aka watsa ÷ sigina mai nunawa.
A cikin ƙira, hanyar da za a magance gazawar ma’aunin hasara na dawowa shine don tabbatar da daidaiton layin gabaɗaya da haɗin gwiwa tare da nau’ikan igiyoyi guda shida tare da 100 ohm impedance.
Misali, rashin daidaituwa tsakanin tsaka-tsaki na PCB, canjin sashe na ƙetare na madubin layin watsawa na jan ƙarfe, da rashin daidaituwa tsakanin masu gudanarwa a cikin tsarin da nau’ikan na’urori guda shida na USB zai sa sigogin asarar dawowa sun canza.

Kusa da ƙarshen crosstalk (na gaba): na gaba yana nufin haɗakar siginar tsakanin layukan biyu da wani layin biyu a cikin layukan watsawa, wato, lokacin da layin layi ɗaya ya aika da sigina, siginar da aka karɓa a cikin wani layin da ke kusa. Wannan siginar magana ya samo asali ne saboda kusanci
Haɗe ta hanyar capacitance ko inductance.