The main purpose of this test is to verify the resistance to electrostatic discharge (ESD) caused by the proximity or contact of an object or person or device. Wani abu ko mutum na iya tara cajin electrostatic a cikin ƙarfin lantarki sama da 15kv. Kwarewa ya nuna cewa gazawa da lalacewar da ba a bayyana su da yawa na iya haifar da ESD. Ta hanyar fitarwa daga na’urar kwaikwayo ta ESD zuwa saman da kusa da EUT, kayan gwajin (EUT) suna ɗaukar ayyukan ESD. An bayyana matakin tsananin fitar a sarari a cikin ƙa’idodin samfur da tsare -tsaren gwajin EMC da mai ƙera ya shirya. EUT tana bincika gazawar aiki ko tsangwama a cikin dukkan hanyoyin aikin ta. Dole ne a ayyana ƙa’idodin wucewa/kasawa a cikin shirin gwajin EMC kuma mai ƙera samfurin ya ƙaddara.

PCB transient conductivity resistance

Babbar manufar wannan gwajin ita ce tabbatar da juriya na EUT ga tashin hankali na ɗan lokaci da ɗan gajeren lokaci tare da saurin tashin lokaci wanda ƙila za a iya haifar da shi ta hanyar ɗora ruwa ko masu haɗawa. Saurin tashin hanzari da yanayin maimaitawar wannan bugun bugun yana haifar da waɗannan spikes cikin sauƙin shiga cikin hanyoyin EUT kuma yana iya yin katsalandan ga ayyukan EUT. Masu wucewa suna aiki kai tsaye akan babban wutar lantarki da kuma izinin layin siginar. A wasu gwaje -gwajen rigakafin rigakafin PCB, EUT yakamata a sanya ido akan hanyar wucewa/gazawa ta amfani da tsarin aiki na gaba ɗaya.

Resistance of PCB to electromagnetic radiation

Babban maƙasudin wannan gwajin shine tabbatar da ikon hana kutse na PCB na samfuran akan rediyo, transceivers, wayoyin GSM/AMPS na hannu, da fannoni daban-daban na wutar lantarki da aka samo daga hanyoyin lantarki na masana’antu. Idan ba a kare tsarin ba, za a iya haɗa radiyon electromagnetic zuwa kebul ɗin ke dubawa kuma shigar da da’irar ta hanyar jagora; Ko kuma ana iya haɗa shi kai tsaye zuwa wayoyin da aka buga. When the amplitude of the rf electromagnetic field is large enough, the induced voltage and demodulated carrier can affect the normal operation of the device.

PCB radiation resistance Test run This test run is usually the longest and most difficult, requiring very expensive equipment and considerable experience. In contrast to other PCB immunity tests, success/failure criteria defined by the manufacturer and a written test plan must be sent to the test room. Lokacin ciyar da EUT a cikin filin radiation, dole ne a saita EUT a cikin aiki na yau da kullun da kuma yanayin da ya fi dacewa.

Dole ne a kafa aiki na yau da kullun a cikin dakin gwaji lokacin da EUT ta fallasa filayen tsangwama masu ƙima waɗanda mitar su ta wuce adadin da ake buƙata na 80MHz zuwa 1GHz. Some PCB anti-interference standards start at 27MHz. Matsayi mai tsanani wannan daidaiton yawanci yana buƙatar matakan juriya na PCB na 1V/m, 3V/m, ko 10V/m. Koyaya, ƙayyadaddun kayan aiki na iya samun buƙatun nasu don takamaiman “matsala (tsangwama) mitoci”. The appropriate PCB radiation resistance level of the product is of interest to the manufacturer.

Bukatun filayen da aka haɗa Sabbin matakan juriya na tsangwama PCB EN50082-1: 1997 yana nufin IEC/EN61000-4-3. IEC/EN61000-4-3 yana buƙatar yanayin gwajin haɗin gwiwa dangane da samfuran gwaji. The test environment was realized in an anechoic room with tiles arranged with ferrite absorbers to block reflection and resonance in order to establish a unified test site indoors. Wannan yana shawo kan kurakuran gwajin gwaji na kwatsam da ba a maimaitawa wanda ke haifar da tunani da ɗimbin filayen a cikin ɗakunan da ba a rarrabasu ba. (Semiakin naƙasasshe kuma mahalli ne mai kyau don auna ƙimar radiation a cikin mahallin mahallin na cikin gida wanda ke buƙatar daidaito).

Gina ɗakunan da ba na anechoic ba Za a shirya masu shayarwar RF akan bango da rufin ɗakunan dakuna. Makanikai da ƙayyadaddun ƙirar RF yakamata su karɓi manyan fale -falen ferrite masu rufin ɗakin. Tubalan Ferrite suna zaune akan kayan dielectric kuma an haɗa su a saman ɗakin. A cikin ɗakin da ba a tsara shi ba, tunani daga saman ƙarfe zai haifar da tashin hankali da raƙuman ruwa na tsaye, waɗanda ke haifar da kololuwa da magudanar ruwa cikin ƙarfin sararin gwajin. Matsakaicin filin a cikin ɗakin da ba a daidaita ba zai iya zama 20 zuwa 40dB, kuma wannan zai sa samfurin gwajin ya bayyana ya gaza kwatsam a cikin ƙaramin filin. Sautin ɗakin yana haifar da ƙarancin gwajin maimaitawa da ƙima mai yawa “overtesting”. (Wannan na iya haifar da ƙirar samfur.) Sabuwar ƙirar tsoma baki ta PCB IEC1000-4-3, wacce ke buƙatar buƙatun filin iri ɗaya, ta gyara waɗannan manyan rashi.

Kayan masarufi da software da ake buƙata don samar da wurin gwajin sun buƙaci babban amintaccen RF amplifier don fitar da eriya mai watsa shirye-shiryen a cikin mitar mita fiye da 26MHz zuwa 2GHz, wanda ke da nisan mita 3 daga na’urar da ake gwadawa. Fully automated testing and calibration under software control provides greater flexibility for testing and full control of all key parameters such as scan rate, frequency pause time, modulation and field strength. Ƙugiyoyin software suna ba da damar daidaita aiki na saka idanu da ƙarfafa aikin EUT. Ana buƙatar fasalolin hulɗa a cikin gwaji na ainihi don ba da damar canje-canje na ainihi a cikin software na gwajin EMC da sigogin EUT. Wannan fasalin damar mai amfani yana ba da damar yin rikodin duk bayanai cikin sauri don ingantaccen kimantawa da rarrabuwa na aikin EMT na EUT.

Pyramidal absorbers Abubuwa na gargajiya na pyramidal (conical) suna da tasiri, duk da haka girman girman dala ya sa ba zai yiwu a gwada ƙananan wurare masu amfani a cikin ɗaki ba. Don ƙananan mitoci na 80MHz, ya kamata a rage tsawon abin da ke jan dala zuwa 100cm, kuma don yin aiki a ƙananan mitoci na 26MHz, tsayin mai ɗaukar dala ya fi 2m. Pyramid absorbers kuma suna da rashin amfani. Suna da rauni, sauƙin lalacewa ta hanyar karowa, kuma suna ƙonewa. Har ila yau, ba shi da amfani a yi amfani da waɗannan abubuwan sha a kasan ɗakin. Saboda dumama mai jujjuyar dala, ƙarfin filin da ya fi 200V/m tsawon lokaci zai haifar da babbar haɗarin wuta.

Ferrite tayal absorber

Fale -falen Ferrite suna da inganci na sarari, duk da haka suna ƙara nauyi mai mahimmanci ga rufin, bango da ƙofofin ɗakin, don haka tsarin injin ɗakin yana zama mai mahimmanci. Suna aiki da kyau a ƙananan ƙananan mitoci, amma suna zama marasa inganci a mitoci sama da 1GHz. Fale -falen Ferrite suna da yawa (kauri 100mm × 100mm × 6mm) kuma suna iya jure tsananin filin fiye da 1000V/m ba tare da haɗarin wuta ba.

Matsaloli a gwajin juriya na PCB Saboda kayan aikin taimako da ake amfani da su don yin aiki da EUT suna ba da siginar motsawa don saka idanu kan ayyukanta, dole ne da kansa ya kasance mai jurewa PCB ga wannan filin mai hankali, wanda shine matsala ta asali a cikin gudanar da gwajin ƙwarewar radiation. Wannan sau da yawa yana haifar da matsaloli, musamman lokacin da kayan aikin taimako ke da rikitarwa kuma yana buƙatar igiyoyi da musaya da yawa zuwa EUT waɗanda suka ratsa ta cikin ɗakin gwajin kariya. Duk igiyoyin da ke ratsa ɗakin gwajin dole ne a kare su da/ko a tace su don a kare filin gwajin daga gare su don gujewa rage aikin garkuwar ɗakin gwajin. Yin sulhu a cikin aikin kariya na ɗakin gwajin zai haifar da ɓarkewar ɓarna na wurin gwajin a cikin yanayin da ke kewaye, wanda na iya haifar da tsangwama ga masu amfani da bakan. Ba koyaushe yana yiwuwa a yi amfani da matattara RF don bayanai ko layin sigina ba, kamar lokacin da ake da bayanai da yawa ko lokacin da ake amfani da hanyoyin haɗin bayanai masu sauri.