Koyar da ku tsara PCB tare da sifar da ba ta dace ba

Abin da muke sa ran kammalawa PCB is usually a neat rectangular shape. Duk da cewa yawancin zane -zane suna da kusurwa huɗu, da yawa suna buƙatar allon da ke da siffofi marasa tsari, waɗanda ba koyaushe suke da sauƙin tsarawa ba. This paper introduces how to design PCB with irregular shape.

A yau, PCBS na ƙara ƙanƙanta kuma ana ƙara ƙarin ayyuka a cikin allon, wanda, haɗe tare da haɓaka saurin agogo, yana sa ƙira ya zama mafi rikitarwa. Don haka, bari mu kalli yadda za a yi hulɗa da allon kewaye tare da siffa mai rikitarwa.

As figure 1 shows, simple PCI board shapes can be easily created in most EDA Layout tools.

ipcb

Hoto 1: Bayyanar da katako na gama gari na PCI.

Koyaya, lokacin da ake buƙatar daidaita sifofin katako zuwa ɗakuna masu rikitarwa tare da babban ƙuntatawa, ba abu mai sauƙi bane ga masu zanen PCB saboda ayyukan da ke cikin waɗannan kayan aikin ba iri ɗaya bane da waɗanda ke cikin tsarin CAD na inji. Hadaddiyar hukumar kewaye da aka nuna a Hoto 2 an tsara ta musamman don gidaje masu ba da tabbacin fashewa kuma tana iyakance iyakokin injin da yawa. Trying to reconstruct this information in EDA tools can take a long time and be unproductive. Mai yiyuwa ne injiniyan injin ya riga ya ƙirƙiri gidaje, siffar allon kewaye, wurin ramin hawa, da iyakokin tsawo da mai zanen PCB ke buƙata.

Hoto 2: A cikin wannan misalin, PCB dole ne a tsara shi gwargwadon takamaiman ƙayyadaddun injin don a sanya shi a cikin kwantena masu tabbatar da fashewa.

Hoto 2: A cikin wannan misalin, PCB dole ne a tsara shi gwargwadon takamaiman ƙayyadaddun injin don a sanya shi a cikin kwantena masu tabbatar da fashewa.

Saboda radians da radii a cikin allon da’irar, sake ginawa na iya ɗaukar tsawon lokaci fiye da yadda ake tsammani, koda siffar allon da’irar ba ta da rikitarwa (kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto 3).

Hoto na 3: Zayyana radian da yawa da lanƙwasa radius daban -daban na iya ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo.

Hoto na 3: Zayyana radian da yawa da lanƙwasa radius daban -daban na iya ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo.

Waɗannan su ne kawai ‘yan misalai na sifofin katako mai rikitarwa. However, from today’s consumer electronics, you’d be surprised how many projects try to cram all the functionality into a small package that isn’t always rectangular. Smartphones and tablets are the first things that come to mind, but there are plenty of examples.

Idan kun dawo da motar haya, kuna iya ganin mai hidima ta amfani da na’urar daukar hoto ta hannu don karanta bayanan motar sannan ku sadarwa mara waya tare da ofishin. The device is also connected to a thermal printer for instant receipt printing. Kusan duk waɗannan na’urori suna amfani da madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciya (Hoto na 4), inda allon PCB na yau da kullun ke haɗe da madaidaiciyar madaidaiciyar madaidaiciya don a haɗa su a cikin ƙananan wurare.

Hoto na 4: M madaidaiciya/madaidaicin allon kewaye yana ba da damar iyakar amfani da sararin samaniya.

Hoto na 4: M madaidaiciya/madaidaicin allon kewaye yana ba da damar iyakar amfani da sararin samaniya.

Tambayar ita ce, “Ta yaya kuke shigo da ƙayyadaddun kayan aikin injiniya cikin kayan ƙirar PCB?” Sake amfani da wannan bayanan a cikin zane -zanen injin yana kawar da kwaɗewar ƙoƙari kuma, mafi mahimmanci, kuskuren ɗan adam.

Za mu iya magance wannan matsalar ta shigo da duk bayanai zuwa software na Laifin PCB ta amfani da tsarin DXF, IDF ko ProSTEP. Wannan yana adana lokaci mai yawa kuma yana kawar da yiwuwar kuskuren ɗan adam. Na gaba, za mu duba kowane ɗayan waɗannan tsarin.

Graphics interchange format – DXF

DXF yana ɗaya daga cikin tsoffin tsarin da aka fi amfani da su don musayar bayanai ta hanyar lantarki tsakanin yankuna na injiniya da PCB. AutoCAD ya haɓaka shi a farkon 1980s. Ana amfani da wannan tsarin musamman don musayar bayanai na girma biyu. Yawancin dillalan kayan aikin PCB suna goyan bayan wannan tsarin, kuma yana sauƙaƙe musayar bayanai. Shigowa/fitarwa na DXF yana buƙatar ƙarin ayyuka don sarrafa yadudduka, abubuwa daban -daban da raka’a waɗanda za a yi amfani da su a tsarin musayar. Hoto na 5 misali ne na shigo da sifofin katako mai rikitarwa a cikin tsarin DXF ta amfani da kayan aikin PADS na Mentor Graphics:

Figure 5: PCB design tools (such as PADS described here) need to be able to control the various parameters required using DXF format.

Figure 5: PCB design tools (such as PADS described here) need to be able to control the various parameters required using DXF format.

Bayan ‘yan shekarun da suka gabata, aikin 3d ya fara bayyana a cikin kayan aikin PCB, kuma akwai buƙatar tsari wanda zai iya canja wurin bayanai na 3D tsakanin injina da kayan aikin PCB. Daga wannan, Mentor Graphics ya haɓaka tsarin IDF, wanda tun daga lokacin aka yi amfani da shi sosai don canja wurin allon kewaye da bayanin sashi tsakanin PCBS da kayan aikin injin.

Yayin da tsarin DXF ya ƙunshi girman allo da kauri, tsarin IDF yana amfani da matsayin X da Y na ɓangaren, lambar bit ɗin, da tsayin z-axis na ɓangaren. This format greatly improves the ability to visualize a PCB in a 3D view. Additional information about forbidden areas, such as height restrictions on the top and bottom of the board, may also be included in the IDF file.

Tsarin yana buƙatar samun ikon sarrafa abin da zai ƙunsa a cikin fayil ɗin IDF kamar yadda aka saba da Saitunan siginar DXF, kamar yadda aka nuna a Figure 6. Idan wasu abubuwan ba su da bayanan tsayi, fitarwa na IDF na iya ƙara bayanin da aka rasa yayin halitta.

Figure 6: Parameters can be set in the PCB design tool (PADS in this example).

Figure 6: Parameters can be set in the PCB design tool (PADS in this example).

Wani fa’idar fa’idar IDF ita ce ko ɗayan ɓangarorin na iya matsar da ɓangaren zuwa sabon wuri ko canza fasalin allon, sannan ƙirƙirar fayil ɗin IDF daban. Rashin wannan hanyar shine cewa kuna buƙatar sake shigo da fayil ɗin gaba ɗaya wanda ke wakiltar canje-canje ga allon da aka gyara, kuma a wasu lokuta yana iya ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo saboda girman fayil. In addition, it can be difficult to determine from the new IDF file what changes have been made, especially on larger boards. Users of IDF can eventually create custom scripts to determine these changes.

Mataki da ProSTEP

Don mafi kyawun watsa bayanai mai girma uku, masu zanen kaya suna neman ingantacciyar hanya, tsarin STEP ya kasance. Tsarin STEP na iya watsa girman allon kewaye da shimfidar abubuwa, amma mafi mahimmanci, abubuwan ba su da wani siffa mai sauƙi tare da ƙima mai tsayi kawai. Samfurin samfurin STEP cikakken bayani ne kuma mai rikitarwa na abubuwan da aka gyara a cikin nau’i uku. Dukansu allon kewaya da bayanan kayan ana iya canja su tsakanin PCB da injin. Koyaya, har yanzu babu wata hanyar da za a bi don canje -canje.

Don inganta musayar fayil na STEP, mun gabatar da tsarin ProSTEP. This format moves the same data as IDF and STEP and has a big improvement – it can track changes and also provide the ability to work within the discipline’s original systems and review any changes once a baseline has been established. In addition to viewing changes, PCB and mechanical engineers can approve all or individual component changes in layout, board shape modifications. Hakanan suna iya ba da shawarar girman allo daban -daban ko wuraren haɗin. Wannan ingantacciyar hanyar sadarwa tana haifar da ECO (Umarnin Canjin Injiniya) tsakanin ECAD da ƙungiyar injiniyoyin da basu taɓa wanzu ba (Hoto 7).

Hoto 7: Ba da shawarar canji, duba canjin akan kayan aikin asali, amince da canjin, ko bayar da shawarar wani daban.

Hoto 7: Ba da shawarar canji, duba canjin akan kayan aikin asali, amince da canjin, ko bayar da shawarar wani daban.

A yau, yawancin tsarin ECAD da na CAD na inji suna tallafawa amfani da tsarin ProSTEP don haɓaka sadarwa, adana lokaci mai yawa da rage kurakurai masu tsada waɗanda zasu iya haifar da hadaddun ƙirar lantarki. Menene ƙari, injiniyoyi na iya adana lokaci ta hanyar ƙirƙirar sifar katako mai rikitarwa tare da ƙarin ƙuntatawa sannan kuma watsa wannan bayanin ta hanyar lantarki don guje wa wani da ya yi kuskuren fassara matakan hukumar.

ƙarshe

Idan baku riga kun yi amfani da ɗayan waɗannan bayanan DXF, IDF, STEP, ko ProSTEP don musayar bayanai ba, yakamata ku duba amfanin su. Yi la’akari da amfani da wannan edi don dakatar da ɓata lokacin sake ƙirƙirar sifofin katako mai rikitarwa.