Basic tswvyim ntawm PCB pawg thawj coj saib

1. Lub tswvyim ntawm “Layer”
Zoo ib yam li lub tswv yim ntawm “txheej” qhia hauv kev ua cov lus lossis ntau lwm yam software kom paub txog kev ua zes thiab kev sib txuas ntawm cov duab, ntawv, xim, thiab lwm yam, Protel’s “txheej” tsis yog virtual, tab sis cov ntaub ntawv luam tawm tiag tiag nws tus kheej hauv ntau yam. tooj liab foil txheej. Niaj hnub no, vim qhov ntom ntom ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv hluav taws xob. Cov kev cai tshwj xeeb xws li kev tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam thiab xaim. Cov ntawv luam tawm siv nyob rau hauv qee cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tshiab tsis yog tsuas yog muaj sab sauv thiab sab qis rau kev xaim, tab sis kuj muaj cov ntaub ntawv tooj liab interlayer uas tuaj yeem ua tiav tshwj xeeb hauv nruab nrab ntawm cov laug cam. Piv txwv li, lub computer motherboards tam sim no siv. Feem ntau ntawm cov ntaub ntawv luam tawm yog ntau tshaj 4 txheej. Vim tias cov txheej txheem no nyuaj rau cov txheej txheem, lawv feem ntau yog siv los teeb tsa cov txheej txheem hluav taws xob xaim hluav taws xob nrog cov txheej txheem yooj yim (xws li Ground Dever thiab Power Dever hauv software), thiab feem ntau siv qhov loj-thaj chaw ntim txoj hauv kev xaim (xws li ExternaI. P1a11e thiab Sau rau hauv software). ). Qhov twg cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg sab sauv thiab sab qis thiab nruab nrab cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg yuav tsum tau txuas nrog, lub npe hu ua “vias” hais hauv software yog siv los sib txuas lus. Nrog rau cov lus piav qhia saum toj no, nws tsis yooj yim rau kev nkag siab txog cov ntsiab lus ntawm “multi-layer pad” thiab “wiring layer setting”. Txhawm rau muab ib qho piv txwv yooj yim, ntau tus neeg tau ua tiav cov xaim thiab pom tias ntau qhov txuas txuas tsis muaj cov ntaub qhwv thaum lawv luam tawm. Qhov tseeb, qhov no yog vim lawv tsis quav ntsej lub tswvyim ntawm “txheej txheem” ​​thaum lawv ntxiv cov cuab yeej qiv ntawv thiab tsis kos thiab ntim lawv tus kheej. Cov yam ntxwv ncoo txhais tau tias “Multilayer (Mulii-Layer). Nws yuav tsum tau nco ntsoov tias ib zaug cov txheej txheem ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm tau raug xaiv, yuav tsum kaw cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg tsis siv kom tsis txhob muaj teeb meem thiab kev taug kev.

2. Via (Via)

yog txoj kab txuas cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg, thiab ib lub qhov sib xyaw yog drilled ntawm Wenhui ntawm cov xov hlau uas yuav tsum tau txuas rau txhua txheej, uas yog qhov ntawm lub qhov. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem, ib txheej ntawm hlau yog plated nyob rau hauv lub cylindrical nto ntawm lub qhov phab ntsa ntawm lub los ntawm cov tshuaj deposition mus cuag cov tooj liab ntawv ci uas yuav tsum tau kev cob cog rua rau nruab nrab cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg, thiab sab sauv thiab sab sab ntawm lub viav vias yog ua. rau hauv cov ntaub qhwv zoo tib yam, uas tuaj yeem ncaj qha Nws txuas nrog cov kab ntawm sab sauv thiab sab qis, lossis tsis txuas nrog. Feem ntau hais lus, muaj cov hauv qab no rau kev kho mob ntawm vias thaum tsim ib lub voj voog:
(1) Txo kev siv cov vias. Thaum xaiv ib tug vias, nco ntsoov tuav qhov sib txawv ntawm nws thiab cov chaw nyob ib puag ncig, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov kab thiab cov vias uas yooj yim overlooked nyob rau hauv nruab nrab txheej thiab cov vias. Yog hais tias nws yog Tsis Siv Neeg routing tuaj yeem daws tau los ntawm kev xaiv cov khoom “rau” hauv “Minimize tus naj npawb ntawm vias” (ntawm Minimiz8TIion) submenu.
(2) Qhov loj dua lub peev xwm nqa tam sim no, qhov loj dua qhov yuav tsum tau vias. Piv txwv li, lub vias siv los txuas lub hwj chim txheej thiab txheej hauv av rau lwm cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg yuav loj dua.

3. silk screen txheej (Overlay)

Txhawm rau ua kom yooj yim rau kev teeb tsa thiab kev saib xyuas ntawm lub voj voog, cov qauv yuav tsum muaj lub logo thiab cov ntawv cim tau luam tawm rau saum thiab sab saud ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm, xws li cov khoom siv daim ntawv lo thiab tus nqi nominal, cov qauv tsim qauv thiab cov chaw tsim khoom logo, hnub tsim khoom, thiab lwm yam. Thaum muaj ntau tus neeg pib tsim cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm cov kab lo lo ntxhuav npo, lawv tsuas yog them sai sai rau qhov chaw zoo thiab zoo nkauj ntawm cov ntawv cim, tsis quav ntsej qhov tseeb PCB. Ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm uas lawv tau tsim, cov cim tau raug thaiv los ntawm cov khoom siv los yog cuam tshuam rau thaj tsam soldering thiab tshem tawm, thiab qee qhov ntawm cov khoom raug cim rau ntawm cov khoom nyob ib sab. Xws li ntau yam tsim yuav coj ntau yam rau kev sib dhos thiab kev kho. tsis yooj yim. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus raug rau kev teeb tsa ntawm cov cim ntawm cov kab lo lo ntxhuav yog: “tsis muaj qhov tsis meej, stitches ntawm ib sab, zoo nkauj thiab dav”.

4. Qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm SMD

Muaj ntau cov pob SMD nyob rau hauv lub tsev qiv ntawv Protel pob, uas yog, nto soldering li. Qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm cov cuab yeej no ntxiv rau nws qhov me me yog qhov sib faib ib sab ntawm tus pin qhov. Yog li ntawd, thaum xaiv hom khoom siv no, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau txheeb xyuas qhov chaw ntawm lub cuab yeej kom tsis txhob “tso pins (Missing Plns)”. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov lus piav qhia tseem ceeb ntawm hom kev tivthaiv no tsuas yog muab tso rau ntawm qhov chaw qhov chaw nyob.

5. Grid-like filling area (External Plane) thiab filling area (Fill)

Ib yam li cov npe ntawm ob, lub network-shaped filling cheeb tsam yog ua kom tiav thaj tsam loj ntawm cov ntawv ci tooj liab rau hauv lub network, thiab qhov chaw ntim tsuas yog khaws cov ntawv ci tooj liab kom zoo. Cov pib tshiab feem ntau tsis tuaj yeem pom qhov sib txawv ntawm ob ntawm lub khoos phis tawj hauv cov txheej txheem tsim, qhov tseeb, tsuav koj zoom hauv, koj tuaj yeem pom nws ntawm ib nrais muag. Nws yog qhov tseeb vim tias nws tsis yooj yim pom qhov sib txawv ntawm ob lub sijhawm ib txwm muaj, yog li thaum siv nws, nws tseem ceeb dua kom paub qhov txawv ntawm ob. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias yav tas los muaj ib tug muaj zog nyhuv ntawm suppressing high-frequency cuam tshuam nyob rau hauv cov yam ntxwv Circuit Court, thiab yog haum rau cov kev xav tau. Cov chaw uas muaj cov cheeb tsam loj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum qee qhov chaw siv los ua cov chaw tiv thaiv, thaj chaw sib faib, lossis cov kab hluav taws xob siab tam sim no yog qhov tsim nyog. Cov yav tas feem ntau yog siv nyob rau hauv qhov chaw uas yuav tsum tau ib tug me me cheeb tsam xws li dav kab xaus los yog tig qhov chaw.

6. ncoo

Lub ncoo yog lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv PCB tsim, tab sis cov neeg pib tshiab nyiam tsis quav ntsej nws cov kev xaiv thiab kev hloov kho, thiab siv cov ntaub qhwv ncig hauv tib qhov tsim. Kev xaiv ntawm lub ncoo hom ntawm cov khoom siv yuav tsum ua tib zoo xav txog cov duab, qhov loj, qhov teeb tsa, kev vibration thiab cua sov, thiab quab yuam kev taw qhia ntawm cov khoom. Protel muab cov ntaub qhwv ntau qhov sib txawv thiab cov duab hauv cov tsev qiv ntawv pob, xws li puag ncig, square, octagonal, round thiab positioning pads, tab sis qee zaum qhov no tsis txaus thiab yuav tsum tau kho los ntawm koj tus kheej. Piv txwv li, rau cov ntaub qhwv uas ua kom sov, raug kev ntxhov siab ntau dua, thiab tam sim no, lawv tuaj yeem tsim los ua “teardrop shape”. Nyob rau hauv cov paub xim TV PCB kab tso zis transformer tus pin ncoo tsim, ntau manufacturers tsuas yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv no. Feem ntau hais lus, ntxiv rau cov saum toj no, cov hauv paus ntsiab lus hauv qab no yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab thaum kho lub ncoo los ntawm koj tus kheej:

(1) Thaum cov duab tsis sib xws ntawm qhov ntev, xav txog qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov dav ntawm cov hlau thiab qhov tshwj xeeb sab ntev ntawm lub ncoo tsis loj heev;

(2) Nws yog feem ntau yuav tsum tau siv cov ntaub qhwv asymmetric nrog ntev asymmetric thaum routing ntawm cov hlau lead cov ces kaum;

(3) Qhov luaj li cas ntawm txhua qhov ntawm lub qhov rooj yuav tsum tau kho thiab txiav txim siab cais raws li qhov tuab ntawm cov khoom siv tus pin. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus yog qhov loj ntawm lub qhov yog 0.2 mus rau 0.4 mm loj dua tus pin txoj kab uas hla.

7. Ntau hom membranes (Daim npog ntsej muag)

Cov yeeb yaj kiab no tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom PcB, tab sis kuj yog ib qho tsim nyog rau cov khoom siv vuam. Raws li txoj hauj lwm thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm “membrane”, “membrane” tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov khoom siv saum npoo (lossis qhov chaw soldering) cov npog ntsej muag (Top lossis hauv qab) thiab cov khoom siv saum npoo (lossis cov npoo npoo) cov npog ntsej muag (Top lossis BottomPaste Mask) . Raws li lub npe implies, soldering zaj duab xis yog ib txheej ntawm zaj duab xis uas yog siv rau lub ncoo los txhim kho lub solderability, uas yog, lub teeb-xim voj voog nyob rau hauv lub ntsuab board yog me ntsis loj dua lub ncoo. Qhov xwm txheej ntawm lub npog ntsej muag tsuas yog qhov sib txawv, rau kev hloov kho lub rooj tsavxwm ua tiav rau yoj soldering thiab lwm txoj hauv kev, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom cov ntawv ci tooj liab ntawm cov ntawv tsis-pad rau ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm tsis tuaj yeem tinned. Yog li ntawd, ib txheej ntawm cov xim yuav tsum tau siv rau txhua qhov chaw uas tsis yog lub ncoo los tiv thaiv tin los ntawm kev siv rau cov khoom no. Nws tuaj yeem pom tias ob daim nyias nyias no nyob hauv kev sib raug zoo. Los ntawm qhov kev sib tham no, nws tsis yooj yim los txiav txim rau cov ntawv qhia zaub mov
Cov khoom xws li “solder Mask En1argement” raug teeb tsa.

8. Flying kab, ya kab muaj ob lub ntsiab lus:

(1) Cov roj hmab band zoo li lub network txuas rau kev soj ntsuam thaum tsis siv neeg txuas. Tom qab thauj khoom los ntawm lub rooj sib tham hauv lub network thiab ua qhov kev teeb tsa ua ntej, koj tuaj yeem siv “Qhia kom pom” kom pom cov xwm txheej ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm lub network hauv qab qhov teeb tsa, tsis tu ncua kho txoj haujlwm ntawm cov khoom kom txo qis qhov crossover kom tau txais qhov siab tshaj plaws tsis siv neeg. routing tus nqi. Cov kauj ruam no tseem ceeb heev. Nws tuaj yeem hais kom ntse riam thiab tsis txiav ntoo los ntawm kev yuam kev. Nws yuav siv sij hawm ntau dua thiab muaj nqis! Tsis tas li ntawd, tom qab kev xaim tsis siv neeg ua tiav, cov tes hauj lwm twg tseem tsis tau xa mus, koj tuaj yeem siv txoj haujlwm no kom paub. Tom qab pom lub network tsis txuas, nws tuaj yeem them nyiaj manually. Yog tias nws tsis tuaj yeem them rov qab, lub ntsiab lus thib ob ntawm “flying line” yog siv, uas yog los txuas cov tes hauj lwm no nrog cov xov hlau ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm yav tom ntej. Nws yuav tsum raug lees paub tias yog lub rooj tsav xwm hauv Circuit Court yog tsim los ntawm cov kab ntau lawm, cov hlau lead no tuaj yeem tsim los ua cov khoom tiv thaiv nrog tus nqi 0 ohm tsis kam thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv.