PCB he ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o kēlā me kēia huahana uila. Me ka piʻi ʻana o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hāmeʻa uila ma nā ʻano āpau o ko mākou ola a ma muli o ko lākou ola pōkole, hoʻokahi mea ʻo ka piʻi ʻana o ka nui o ka e-waste. Me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā ʻoihana e kū mai ana e like me ka Internet of Things a me ka hoʻomohala ikaika ʻana o nā ʻenehana kōkua hoʻokele holomua i ka ʻoihana automotive, e wikiwiki wale kēia ulu.

No ke aha he pilikia maoli ka ʻōpala PCB?

ʻOiai hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā hoʻolālā PCB no nā makahiki he nui, ʻo ka mea ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo kēia mau mea liʻiliʻi i hoʻomalu ʻia e PCB ke hoʻololi ʻia nei i kahi alapine weliweli. No laila, ʻo kahi pilikia nui e kū mai ana, ʻo ia ka pilikia decomposition, kahi e alakaʻi ai i nā pilikia kaiapuni. ʻOi aku ma nā ʻāina hoʻomohala, no ka mea, lawe ʻia ka nui o nā huahana uila i hoʻolei ʻia i nā pae ʻāina, hoʻokuʻu lākou i nā mea ʻona i loko o ke kaiapuni, e like me:

ʻO Mercury-hiki ke hōʻeha i ka puʻupaʻa a me ka lolo.

ʻO Cadmium-ʻike ʻia ke kumu o ka maʻi kanesa.

ʻIke ʻia ke alakaʻi i ka pōʻino o ka lolo

Brominated flame retardants (BFR) -ʻike ʻia e pili ana i ka hana hormonal o nā wahine.

ʻO Beryllium-i ʻike ʻia no ka maʻi kanesa

ʻOiai inā hana hou ʻia ka papa a hoʻohana hou ʻia ma mua o ka hoʻolei ʻana iā ia i loko o kahi ʻāina, he mea weliweli ke kaʻina hana hou a hiki ke hoʻopilikia i ke olakino. ʻO kekahi pilikia, ʻo ka liʻiliʻi a me ka māmā o kā mākou mau mea hana, he hana paʻakikī ka wehe ʻana iā lākou e hana hou i nā ʻāpana hana hou. Ma mua o ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i nā mea hiki ke hoʻohana hou ʻia, pono e wehe lima ʻia nā glues a me nā mea hoʻopili i hoʻohana ʻia. No laila, paʻakikī loa ka hana. ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻo ia ka hoʻouna ʻana i nā papa PCB i nā ʻāina liʻiliʻi me ka haʻahaʻa o ka hana. ʻO ka pane i kēia mau nīnau (nā lako uila i hōʻiliʻili ʻia i loko o nā waihona ʻāina a i ʻole i hana hou ʻia) he PCB biodegradable, hiki ke hōʻemi nui i ka e-waste.

ʻO ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā mea ʻawaʻawa o kēia manawa me nā metala transient (e like me tungsten a i ʻole zinc) kahi hana nui i kēia ala. Ua hoʻomaka ka hui o nā ʻepekema ma Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory ma ke Kulanui o Illinois ma Urbana-Champaign e hana i kahi PCB holoʻokoʻa e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ke ʻike ʻia i ka wai. Hana ʻia ka PCB i kēia mau mea:

Nā mea kūʻai aku ma waho o ka papa

Pākuʻi magnesium

Paʻi Tungsten

ʻO ka Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose (Na-CMC) Lapaʻa

Papa hoʻopaʻa polyethylene oxide (PEO).

ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua hoʻomohala ʻia nā PCB biodegradable me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā biocomposites i hana ʻia me nā fiber cellulose maoli i unuhi ʻia mai nā kumu maiʻa a me ka gluten palaoa. ʻAʻohe mea kemika i loko o ka mea biocomposite. ʻO kēia mau PCB transient biodegradable loaʻa nā waiwai like me nā PCB maʻamau. Ua hoʻomohala ʻia kekahi mau PCB biodegradable me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hulu moa a me nā fiber aniani.

ʻO nā biopolymers e like me ka carbohydrates a me nā proteins he biodegradable, akā ʻo nā kumuwaiwai kūlohelohe a lākou e koi ai (e like me ka ʻāina a me ka wai). Hiki ke loaʻa i nā biopolymers hou a paʻa mai nā ʻōpala mahiʻai (e like me ka fiber maiʻa), i lawe ʻia mai nā kumu lāʻau. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau huaʻai mahiʻai no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mea hoʻohui piha biodegradable.

Hiki ke hilinaʻi ʻia ka papa mālama kaiapuni?

ʻO ka mea maʻamau, ʻo ka huaʻōlelo “palekana kaiapuni” e hoʻomanaʻo i ka poʻe i ke kiʻi o nā huahana palupalu, ʻaʻole ia ke ʻano a mākou e makemake ai e hui pū me nā PCB. ʻO kekahi o kā mākou hopohopo e pili ana i nā papa PCB ʻōmaʻomaʻo:

Mechanical waiwai-ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka hana ʻia ʻana o nā papa e pili ana i ke kaiapuni me ka fiber maiʻa e manaʻo ai mākou he palupalu nā papa e like me nā lau. Akā ʻo ka mea ʻoiaʻiʻo ke hoʻohui nei nā mea noiʻi i nā mea substrate e hana i nā papa i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka ikaika me nā papa maʻamau.

Pono maikaʻi ka hana wela-PCB i ka hana wela a ʻaʻole maʻalahi ke hopu i ke ahi. Ua ʻike ʻia he haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa nā mea olaola, no laila, ma ke ʻano, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kēia makaʻu. Eia naʻe, hiki i ka solder wela haʻahaʻa ke kōkua i ka pale ʻana i kēia pilikia.

Dielectric mau-ʻO kēia kahi kahi e like ai ka hana o ka papa biodegradable me ka papa kuʻuna. ʻO nā mea hoʻomau dielectric i loaʻa i kēia mau papa i loko o ka laulā pono.

ʻO ka hana ma lalo o nā kūlana koʻikoʻi-Inā ʻike ʻia ka PCB o ka mea biocomposite i ka haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole ka wela kiʻekiʻe, ʻaʻole e ʻike ʻia ka haʻalele ʻana.

Hiki i nā mea hoʻoheheʻe wela-biocomposite ke hoʻomālamalama i ka nui o ka wela, kahi ʻano pono o nā PCB.

Ke ulu nui nei ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā huahana uila, e hoʻomau ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻōpala uila i kahi ʻano weliweli. Eia naʻe, ʻo ka nūhou maikaʻi ʻo ia me ka hoʻomohala hou ʻana o ka noiʻi e pili ana i nā koho hoʻomalu kaiapuni, e lilo nā papa ʻōmaʻomaʻo i mea kūʻai maoli, a laila e hōʻemi ana i nā pilikia e-waste a me e-recycling. ʻOiai mākou e hoʻopaʻapaʻa nei me nā e-waste i hala a me nā lako uila o kēia manawa, ʻo ia ka manawa no mākou e nānā i ka wā e hiki mai ana a hōʻoia i ka hoʻohana nui ʻana o nā PCB biodegradable.