He aha kā mākou e manaʻo ai e hoʻopau PCB is usually a neat rectangular shape. ʻOiai ʻo ka hapanui o nā hoʻolālā he huinahā, pono ka hapa nui i nā papa me nā ʻano kaulike ʻole, ʻaʻole maʻalahi e hoʻolālā. This paper introduces how to design PCB with irregular shape.

I kēia lā, e liʻiliʻi ana ka liʻiliʻi o PCBS a ʻoi aku ka nui o nā hana i hoʻohui ʻia i nā papa, a hui pū ʻia me ka piʻi ʻana o ka wikiwiki o ka uaki, e hoʻonui i nā hoʻolālā. No laila, e nānā pehea e hana ai me ka papa kaapuni me kahi ʻano paʻakikī.

As figure 1 shows, simple PCI board shapes can be easily created in most EDA Layout tools.

Hōʻike 1: ʻIke o ka papa kaapuni PCI maʻamau.

Eia nō naʻe, ke pono e hoʻopili ʻia nā kinona papa i nā pā paʻakikī me nā palena kiʻekiʻe, ʻaʻole maʻalahi no nā mea hoʻolālā PCB no ka mea ʻaʻole like nā hana i kēia mau mea hana me nā mea i nā ʻōnaehana CAD mechanical. ʻO ka papa kaapuni paʻakikī i hōʻike ʻia i ke kiʻi 2 i hoʻolālā ʻia no ka hale pahū-pahū a aia ia i nā palena mechanical. Trying to reconstruct this information in EDA tools can take a long time and be unproductive. Maliʻa paha ua hana mua ka ʻenekini mīkini i ka hale, ke ʻano o ka papa kaapuni, ke kau ʻana o ka lua, a me nā palena kiʻekiʻe i koi ʻia e ka mea hoʻolālā PCB.

Kiʻi 2: I kēia laʻana, pono e hoʻolālā ʻia ka PCB e like me nā kikoʻī kikoʻī kikoʻī e hiki ai ke waiho i nā pahu pahū pahū.

Kiʻi 2: I kēia laʻana, pono e hoʻolālā ʻia ka PCB e like me nā kikoʻī kikoʻī kikoʻī e hiki ai ke waiho i nā pahu pahū pahū.

Ma muli o nā radian a me nā lekiō i ka papa kaapuni, lōʻihi paha ka lōʻihi o ke kūkulu hou ʻana ma mua o ka mea i manaʻo ʻia, ʻoiai inā ʻaʻole paʻakikī ke ʻano o ka papa kaapuni (e like me ka Hōʻike 3).

Kiʻi 3: ʻO ka hoʻolālā ʻana i nā radian he nui a me nā ʻanuʻu radius ʻokoʻa hiki ke lōʻihi.

Kiʻi 3: ʻO ka hoʻolālā ʻana i nā radian he nui a me nā ʻanuʻu radius ʻokoʻa hiki ke lōʻihi.

ʻO kēia kekahi o nā laʻana o ke ʻano o ka papa kaapuni paʻakikī. However, from today’s consumer electronics, you’d be surprised how many projects try to cram all the functionality into a small package that isn’t always rectangular. Smartphones and tablets are the first things that come to mind, but there are plenty of examples.

Inā hoʻihoʻi ʻoe i kahi kaʻa hoʻolimalima, hiki paha iā ʻoe ke ʻike i kahi kahu e hoʻohana ana i kahi scanner lima e heluhelu i ka ʻike o ke kaʻa a laila kamaʻilio uila me ke keʻena. The device is also connected to a thermal printer for instant receipt printing. Hoʻohana pono kēia mau mea āpau i nā papa kaapuni paʻa / maʻalahi (Kiʻi 4), kahi e hoʻopili ʻia ai nā papa PCB maʻamau me nā kaapuni paʻi maʻalahi e hiki ai ke hoʻopili ʻia i nā wahi liʻiliʻi.

Kiʻi 4: ʻO ka papa kaapuni ʻoʻoleʻa / palupalu e ʻae i ka hoʻohana kūpono o kahi avanoa i loaʻa.

Kiʻi 4: ʻO ka papa kaapuni ʻoʻoleʻa / palupalu e ʻae i ka hoʻohana kūpono o kahi avanoa i loaʻa.

ʻO ka nīnau, “Pehea ʻoe e lawe mai ai i nā kikoʻī ʻenekini i ho’ākāka ʻia i loko o kahi pono hana hoʻolālā PCB?” ʻO ka hoʻohana hou ʻana i kēia ʻikepili i nā kaha mechanical e hoʻopau i ka pālua ʻana o ka hana a, ʻo ka mea nui, o ka hewa o ke kanaka.

Hiki iā mākou ke hoʻonā i kēia pilikia ma ka lawe ʻana mai i nā ʻike āpau i ka polokalamu Layout PCB me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mana DXF, IDF a i ʻole ProSTEP. Mālama kēia i ka manawa he nui a hoʻopau i ka hiki i ka hewa o ke kanaka. A laila, e nānā mākou i kēlā me kēia ʻano.

Graphics interchange format – DXF

ʻO DXF kekahi o nā mana kahiko a hoʻohana nui ʻia no ka hoʻololi uila ʻana i ka ʻikepili ma waena o nā kikowaena hoʻolālā mechanical a PCB. Hoʻomohala ʻo AutoCAD iā ia i nā makahiki 1980 mua. Hoʻohana nui ʻia kēia ʻano no ka hoʻololi ʻikepili dimensional ʻelua. Kākoʻo ka hapa nui o nā mea kūʻai aku hana PCB i kēia palapala, a maʻalahi ia i ka hoʻololi data. Koi ʻia ka DXF i nā mea hoʻokomo / hoʻokuʻu i nā hana hou e kaohi i nā papa, nā ʻokoʻa like ʻole a me nā ʻāpana e hoʻohana ʻia i ke kaʻina hoʻololi. ʻO ke kiʻi 5 kahi laʻana o ka lawe ʻana mai i nā papa kaapuni paʻakikī i ka hōʻano DXF e hoʻohana ana i nā pono hana PADS a Mentor Graphics:

Figure 5: PCB design tools (such as PADS described here) need to be able to control the various parameters required using DXF format.

Figure 5: PCB design tools (such as PADS described here) need to be able to control the various parameters required using DXF format.

I kekahi mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ua hoʻomaka ka hana 3d i nā pono PCB, a aia kahi pono e pono e hoʻoili i ka ʻikepili 3D ma waena o nā mīkini a me nā pono PCB. Mai kēia, ua hoʻomohala ʻia nā Mentor Graphics i ka palapala IDF, a ua hoʻohana ākea ʻia e hoʻololi i ka papa kaapuni a me ka ʻike pili ma waena o PCBS a me nā pono mīkini.

ʻOiai ka waihona DXF i ka nui o ka papa a me ka mānoanoa, hoʻohana ka palapala IDF i nā kūlana X a me Y o ka ʻāpana, ka helu o ke kikowaena, a me ke kiʻekiʻe z-axis o ka mea. This format greatly improves the ability to visualize a PCB in a 3D view. Additional information about forbidden areas, such as height restrictions on the top and bottom of the board, may also be included in the IDF file.

Hiki i ka ʻōnaehana ke hiki ke kaohi i nā mea i loko o ka faila IDF ma ke ʻano like me ka DXF parameter Setting, e like me ka Hōʻike 6. Inā loaʻa ʻole kahi ʻike kiʻekiʻe i kekahi mau ʻāpana, hiki i ka hoʻoiho IDF ke hoʻohui i ka nalo ʻana i ka ʻike i ka wā o ka hana ʻana.

Figure 6: Parameters can be set in the PCB design tool (PADS in this example).

Figure 6: Parameters can be set in the PCB design tool (PADS in this example).

ʻO kekahi pono o ka interface IDF hiki i kēlā me kēia ʻaoʻao ke neʻe i ka mea i kahi hou a i ʻole hoʻololi i ke ʻano o ka papa, a laila hana i kahi faila IDF ʻokoʻa. ʻO ka maikaʻi ʻole o kēia ala e pono ai ʻoe e lawe hou i ka faila holoʻokoʻa e hōʻike ana i nā loli i ka papa a me nā ʻāpana, a i kekahi mau manawa hiki ke lōʻihi ka manawa no ka nui o ka faila. In addition, it can be difficult to determine from the new IDF file what changes have been made, especially on larger boards. Users of IDF can eventually create custom scripts to determine these changes.

STEP a me ProSTEP

I mea e hoʻouna pono ai i ka ʻikepili ʻekolu dimensional, ʻimi nei nā mea hoʻolālā i kahi ala i hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ke ʻano STEP. Hiki i ka hōʻano STEP ke hoʻoili i nā ana o ka papa kaapuni a me nā hoʻonohonoho o nā ʻāpana, akā ʻo ka mea nui loa, ʻaʻohe ʻano maʻalahi o nā ʻāpana me kahi kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe wale nō. ʻO ke ana hoʻohālike STEP kahi hōʻike kikoʻī a paʻakikī hoʻi o nā ʻāpana i ʻekolu – dimensional form. Hiki ke hoʻololi i ka papa kaapuni āpau ma waena o ka PCB a me ka mīkini. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻohe ʻano hana no ka huli ʻana i nā loli.

I mea e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka STEP exchange exchange, ua hoʻolauna mākou i ka palapala ProSTEP. This format moves the same data as IDF and STEP and has a big improvement – it can track changes and also provide the ability to work within the discipline’s original systems and review any changes once a baseline has been established. In addition to viewing changes, PCB and mechanical engineers can approve all or individual component changes in layout, board shape modifications. Hiki iā lākou ke kuhikuhi i nā nui o ka papa a i ʻole nā ​​wahi kikowaena. Hoʻokumu kēia kamaʻilio hoʻomaikaʻi i kahi ECO (ʻenekini Hoʻololi ʻenekini) ma waena o ECAD a me ka hui mīkini i kū ʻole ma mua (Kiʻi 7).

Kiʻi 7: Paipai i kahi loli, e nānā i ka loli i ka mea hana mua, ʻae i ka loli, a i ʻole hōʻike i kahi ʻokoʻa.

Kiʻi 7: Paipai i kahi loli, e nānā i ka loli i ka mea hana mua, ʻae i ka loli, a i ʻole hōʻike i kahi ʻokoʻa.

I kēia lā, kākoʻo ka hapanui o nā ECAD a me nā ʻōnaehana CAD mechanical i ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka palapala ProSTEP e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ke kamaʻilio ʻana, e mālama ana i ka manawa he nui a hoʻoliʻiliʻi i nā hemahema o ke kumu kūʻai i hiki ke hopena ʻia mai nā hoʻolālā electromekanical paʻakikī. ʻO ka mea hou aku, hiki i nā ʻenekini ke mālama i ka manawa ma o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi papa kaapuni paʻakikī me nā kaohi hou aʻe a laila e hoʻoili i kēlā ʻike uila e hōʻalo i ka wehewehe hewa ʻana o kekahi i nā ana o ka papa kaapuni.

ka hopena

Inā ʻaʻole ʻoe i hoʻohana i kekahi o kēia ʻano DXF, IDF, STEP, a i ʻole ProSTEP ʻikepili e hoʻololi i ka ʻike, pono ʻoe e nānā i kā lākou hoʻohana ʻana. E noʻonoʻo e hoʻohana i kēia edi e hoʻōki i ka hoʻonele ʻana i ka manawa hana hou ʻana i nā ʻano papa paʻakikī.