Edemede a na-enyochakarị usoro abụọ a na-ejikarị na ya PCB usoro ọgwụgwọ elu: ọla edo nickel kemịkalụ na usoro usoro OSP na njirimara.

1. Chemical nickel gold

1.1 Nzọụkwụ ndị bụ isi

Degreasing → ịsacha mmiri → neutralization → mmiri ịsacha → micro-etching → mmiri ịsacha → pre-soaking → palladium activation → ịfụ na ịkpali mmiri ịsacha → electroless nickel ihicha

1.2 nickel na-enweghị eletrọnị

A. N’ozuzu, nickel na-enweghị electroless na-ekewa n’ime ụdị “ntugharị” na “onwe-catalyzed”. Enwere ọtụtụ usoro, ma n’agbanyeghị nke ọ bụla, ogo mkpuchi okpomọkụ dị elu ka mma.

B. Nickel chloride (Nickel Chloride) ka a na-ejikarị dị ka nnu nickel

C. Ihe ndị na-ebelata ihe ndị a na-ejikarị bụ Hypophosphite/Formaldehyde/Hydrazine/Borohydride/Amine Borane

D. Citrate bụ ihe na-emekarị chelating.

E. pH nke ngwọta ịsa ahụ kwesịrị ka edozi ma chịkwaa ya. Na omenala, a na-eji amonia (Amonia) eme ihe, ma e nwekwara usoro ndị na-eji triethanol amonia (Triethanol Amine). Na mgbakwunye na pH na-agbanwe agbanwe na nkwụsi ike nke amonia na okpomọkụ dị elu, ọ na-ejikọta ya na sodium citrate iji mepụta mkpokọta nickel metal. Onye na-ahụ maka aghụghọ, nke mere na enwere ike idobe nickel n’akụkụ ndị ahụ gbazere nke ọma na nke ọma.

F. Na mgbakwunye na ibelata nsogbu mmetọ, ojiji nke sodium hypophosphite nwekwara mmetụta dị ukwuu na mma mkpuchi.

G. Nke a bụ otu n’ime usoro maka tankị nickel kemịkal.

Nyocha njirimara nhazi:

Mmetụta uru A. PH: turbidity ga-eme mgbe pH dị ala karịa 8, na ire ere ga-eme mgbe pH dị elu karịa 10. Ọ nweghị mmetụta doro anya na ọdịnaya phosphorus, ntinye ntinye na ọdịnaya phosphorus.

B. Mmetụta okpomọkụ: okpomọkụ nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na mmiri ozuzo, mmeghachi omume na-adị ngwa n’okpuru 70 ° C, na ọnụego dị ngwa karịa 95 ° C na enweghị ike ịchịkwa ya. 90°C kacha mma.

C. N’ime ihe mejupụtara ya, ọdịnaya sodium citrate dị elu, onye na-ahụ maka chelating na-abawanye, ọnụ ọgụgụ ntinye na-ebelata, ọdịnaya phosphorus na-abawanye na ntinye nke onye na-ahụ maka chelating. Ọdịnaya phosphorus nke sistemu triethanolamine nwere ike ịdị elu karịa 15.5%.

D. Ka ntinye uche nke onye na-ebelata ego sodium dihydrogen hypophosphite na-abawanye, ọnụọgụ ntinye na-abawanye, mana ngwọta bat ahụ na-emebi mgbe ọ gafere 0.37M, ya mere ntinye uche ekwesịghị ịdị elu, oke dị elu na-emerụ ahụ. Enweghị mmekọrịta doro anya n’etiti ọdịnaya nke phosphorus na onye na-ebelata ihe na-ebelata, ya mere ọ bụ ihe kwesịrị ekwesị iji chịkwaa itinye uche n’ihe dịka 0.1M.

E. Ntinye uche nke triethanolamine ga-emetụta ọdịnaya phosphorus nke mkpuchi na ọnụego ntinye. Ihe dị elu nke ntinye uche, na-ebelata ọdịnaya nke phosphorus ma na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-etinye ya, n’ihi ya, ọ ka mma idobe ihe dị ka 0.15M. Na mgbakwunye na imezi pH ahụ, a pụkwara iji ya mee ihe dị ka igwe chelator.

F. Site na mkparịta ụka ahụ, a maara na a na-edozi ntinye uche nke sodium citrate nke ọma iji gbanwee ọdịnaya nke phosphorus nke ọma nke ọma.

H. A na-ekewa ndị ọrụ mbelata izugbe ụzọ abụọ:

N’elu ọla kọpa na-abụkarị ndị na-adịghị arụ ọrụ iji mee ka ọ na-emepụta ọkụ eletrik na-adịghị mma iji nweta ihe mgbaru ọsọ nke “imeghe oghere”. Elu ọla kọpa na-anabata ụzọ palladium na-enweghị electroless mbụ. Ya mere, enwere eutectosis phosphorus na mmeghachi omume, na 4-12% ọdịnaya nke phosphorus na-adịkarị. Ya mere, mgbe ọnụ ọgụgụ nke nickel buru ibu, mkpuchi ahụ na-efunahụ ike ya na magnetism, na gloss na-egbuke egbuke na-abawanye, nke dị mma maka mgbochi nchara na ihe ọjọọ maka njikọ waya na ịgbado ọkụ.

1.3 enweghị ọla edo

A. A na-ekewa ọla edo na-enweghị eletrọl ka ọ bụrụ “ọlaedo mgbapụ” na “ọlaedo na-enweghị elektrọn”. Nke mbụ bụ ihe a na-akpọ “ọlaedo imikpu” (lmmersion Gold plaTing). Ngwunye ihe mkpuchi ahụ dị gịrịgịrị ma kpuchie elu ala nke ọma wee kwụsị. Nke ikpeazụ na-anabata onye na-ebelata ihe na-enye elektrọn ka oyi akwa ahụ wee gaa n’ihu na-eme ka nickel na-enweghị eletrọnị sie ike.

B. Usoro njirimara nke mmeghachi omume mbelata bụ: Mbelata ọkara mmeghachi omume: Au e- Au0 oxidation ọkara mmeghachi omume usoro: Reda Ox e- usoro mmeghachi omume zuru oke: Au Red aAu0 Ox.

C. Na mgbakwunye na ịnye ogige isi iyi ọla edo na ibelata ndị nnọchi anya, a ga-ejikwa usoro plating ọla edo na-enweghị elektrọn yana ngwakọta chelating, stabilizers, buffers na ndị na-ebu ibu ka ọ dị irè.

D. Ụfọdụ akụkọ nyocha na-egosi na a na-emeziwanye arụmọrụ na ịdị mma nke ọla edo kemịkal. Nhọrọ nke ndị na-ebelata ego bụ isi. Site na mmalite formaldehyde ruo ogige borohydride na nso nso a, potassium borohydride nwere mmetụta kachasị. Ọ na-adị irè karị ma ọ bụrụ na ejiri ya na ndị ọrụ na-ebelata ihe ndị ọzọ.

E. The deposition ọnụego nke mkpuchi na-abawanye na-abawanye nke potassium hydroxide na mbenata gị n’ụlọnga ịta na bat okpomọkụ, ma mbelata na-abawanye nke potassium cyanide ịta.

F. Igwe ọkụ na-arụ ọrụ nke usoro azụmahịa na-abụkarị gburugburu 90 Celsius, nke bụ nnukwu ule maka nkwụsi ike ihe.

G. Ọ bụrụ na uto mpụta pụtara na mkpụrụ sekit dị mkpa, ọ nwere ike ibute ihe egwu sekit dị mkpụmkpụ.

H. Thin gold na-adịkarị mfe porosity na mfe na-etolite Galvanic Cell Corrosion K. The porosity nsogbu nke mkpa gold oyi akwa nwere ike dozie post-processing passivation nwere phosphorus.