Zisanu ndi zinayi zanzeru komanso njira zodziwira PCB

Naini wamba wamba PCB anayendera

1. Ndizoletsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito zida zoyeserera kuti zikhudze TV yamoyo, zomvera, kanema ndi zida zina zapansi kuti muyese bolodi la PCB popanda chosinthira chodzipatula.

Ndizoletsedwa kuyesa mwachindunji TV, zomvera, makanema ndi zida zina popanda chosinthira mphamvu chodzipatula chokhala ndi zida ndi zida zokhala ndi zotchingira pansi.

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Ngakhale chojambulira chamakaseti chawayilesi chili ndi chosinthira mphamvu, mukakumana ndi zida zapadera za TV kapena zomvera, makamaka mphamvu yotulutsa kapena mtundu wamagetsi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito, muyenera kudziwa kaye ngati galimotoyo imayimbidwa. , Apo ayi zidzakhala zophweka kwambiri TV, zomvetsera ndi zipangizo zina zomwe zimayimbidwa ndi backplane zimayambitsa dera laling’ono lamagetsi, lomwe limakhudza dera lophatikizidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti cholakwikacho chiwonjezeke.

2. Samalani ndi ntchito yotchinjiriza ya chitsulo chosungunula chamagetsi poyesa bolodi la PCB

Sizololedwa kugwiritsa ntchito chitsulo cha soldering kuti chiwotchedwe ndi mphamvu. Onetsetsani kuti chitsulo cha soldering sichinaperekedwe. Ndi bwino kupukuta chipolopolo cha chitsulo chosungunuka. Samalani kwambiri ndi dera la MOS. Ndikotetezeka kugwiritsa ntchito chitsulo chotsika kwambiri cha 6 ~ 8V.

3. Musanayambe kuyesa bolodi la PCB, mvetsetsani mfundo yoyendetsera mabwalo ophatikizika ndi mabwalo okhudzana

Musanayang’ane ndikukonza dera lophatikizika, muyenera kudziwa kaye ntchito ya dera lophatikizika lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito, gawo lamkati, magawo akulu amagetsi, gawo la pini iliyonse, ndi mphamvu ya pini, mawonekedwe a waveform ndi magwiridwe antchito. mfundo ya dera wopangidwa ndi zotumphukira zigawo zikuluzikulu.

Ngati zomwe zili pamwambazi zakwaniritsidwa, kusanthula ndi kufufuza kudzakhala kosavuta.

4. Osayambitsa dera lalifupi pakati pa zikhomo poyesa bolodi la PCB

Mukayesa voteji kapena kuyesa mawonekedwe a waveform ndi probe ya oscilloscope, musapangitse kuzungulira kwakanthawi pakati pa mapini a dera lophatikizika chifukwa cha kutsetsereka kwa mayendedwe oyesa kapena ma probes. Ndi bwino kuyeza pa zotumphukira kusindikizidwa dera mwachindunji kulumikiza zikhomo.

Kuzungulira kwakanthawi kochepa kumatha kuwononga mosavuta gawo lophatikizika. Muyenera kusamala kwambiri poyesa mabwalo ophatikizika a CMOS okhala ndi phukusi.

5. Kukana kwamkati kwa chipangizo choyesera cha bolodi cha PCB kuyenera kukhala kwakukulu

Poyezera mphamvu ya DC ya zikhomo za IC, multimeter yokhala ndi kukana kwamkati kwa mutu wa mita wamkulu kuposa 20KΩ/V iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, apo ayi padzakhala cholakwika chachikulu cha voteji ya zikhomo zina.

6. Samalani kutentha kwa magetsi osakanikirana ndi magetsi pamene mukuwona bolodi la PCB

Dongosolo lophatikizika lamagetsi liyenera kukhala ndi kutentha kwabwino, ndipo sililoledwa kugwira ntchito pamalo amphamvu kwambiri popanda kutentha.

7. Waya wotsogolera wa bolodi la PCB uyenera kuyesedwa moyenera

Ngati mukufuna kuwonjezera zigawo zakunja m’malo kuonongeka mbali Integrated dera, zigawo zazing’ono ayenera kusankhidwa, ndi mawaya ayenera kukhala wololera kupewa zosafunika parasitic lumikiza, makamaka grounding pakati Audio mphamvu amplifier Integrated dera ndi preamplifier dera mapeto. .

8. Kuyendera bolodi PCB kuonetsetsa kuwotcherera khalidwe

Pamene soldering, solder imakhala yolimba, ndipo kudzikundikira kwa solder ndi pores kungayambitse kugulitsa zabodza. Nthawi yowotchera nthawi zambiri imakhala yosapitilira masekondi atatu, ndipo mphamvu yachitsulo chogulitsira iyenera kukhala pafupifupi 3W ndikutentha kwamkati.

Dera lophatikizidwa lomwe lagulitsidwa liyenera kuyang’aniridwa mosamala. Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito ohmmeter kuyeza ngati pali dera lalifupi pakati pa zikhomo, kutsimikizira kuti palibe solder adhesion, ndiyeno kuyatsa mphamvu.

9. Osazindikira mosavuta kuwonongeka kwa dera lophatikizika poyesa bolodi la PCB

Musaweruze kuti dera lophatikizidwa likuwonongeka mosavuta. Chifukwa mabwalo ambiri ophatikizika amalumikizidwa mwachindunji, dera likakhala lachilendo, lingayambitse kusintha kwamagetsi kangapo, ndipo zosinthazi sizimayamba chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa dera lophatikizika.

Kuonjezera apo, nthawi zina, pamene voteji yoyezedwa ya pini iliyonse ikufanana kapena ili pafupi ndi mtengo wamba, sizingasonyeze nthawi zonse kuti dera lophatikizidwa ndi labwino. Chifukwa EDA365 forum yamagetsi idapeza kuti zolakwika zina zofewa sizingasinthe ma voltage a DC.

PCB bolodi njira yolakwika

Kwa bolodi yatsopano ya PCB yomwe yangobwezedwa kumene, EDA365 Electronics Forum ikukulimbikitsani kuti muwone ngati pali zovuta pa bolodi, monga ngati pali ming’alu yodziwika bwino, mabwalo amfupi, mabwalo otseguka, ndi zina zotero. Ngati kuli kofunikira, fufuzani ngati kukana pakati pa magetsi ndi waya pansi ndi yaikulu mokwanira.

Kwa bolodi la dera lomwe langopangidwa kumene, kukonza zolakwika nthawi zambiri kumakumana ndi zovuta, makamaka ngati bolodi ili lalikulu komanso pali zigawo zambiri, nthawi zambiri sizingatheke kuyamba. Koma ngati mudziwa njira zingapo zochepetsera zolakwika, kukonza zolakwika kudzapeza zotsatira zake kawiri ndi theka lakuyesetsa.

Njira zothetsera PCB board:

1. Kwa bolodi yatsopano ya PCB yomwe yangobwezedwa kumene, choyamba tiyenera kuyang’ana ngati pali zovuta zilizonse pa bolodi, monga ngati pali ming’alu yodziwika bwino, mabwalo afupikitsa, mabwalo otseguka, ndi zina zotero. Ngati kuli kofunikira, fufuzani ngati kukana pakati pa magetsi ndi waya pansi ndi yaikulu mokwanira.

2. Kenako zigawozo zimayikidwa. Ma module odziyimira pawokha, ngati simukutsimikiza kuti akugwira ntchito bwino, ndibwino kuti musawaike onse, koma kukhazikitsa gawo ndi gawo (kwa mabwalo ang’onoang’ono, mutha kuwayika onse nthawi imodzi), kuti zikhale zosavuta. kudziwa kuchuluka kwa zolakwika. Pewani kukhala ndi vuto poyambira mukakumana ndi zovuta.

Nthawi zambiri, mutha kukhazikitsa magetsi kaye, ndiyeno kuyatsa kuti muwone ngati mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi ndiyabwinobwino. Ngati mulibe chidaliro chochuluka mukamayatsa (ngakhale mukutsimikiza, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti muwonjezere fuse, ngati zitatheka), ganizirani kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi osinthika omwe ali ndi malire apano.

Khazikitsanitu chitetezo chopitilira muyeso choyamba, kenako onjezerani pang’onopang’ono kuchuluka kwamagetsi amagetsi oyendetsedwa, ndikuwunika momwe akulowera, voteji yolowera, ndi voteji yotulutsa. Ngati palibe chitetezo chowonjezereka ndi mavuto ena panthawi yowonjezereka, ndipo mphamvu yamagetsi yafika bwino, mphamvu yamagetsi ndi yabwino. Apo ayi, chotsani magetsi, pezani malo olakwika, ndikubwereza masitepe omwe ali pamwambawa mpaka magetsi ali abwinobwino.

3. Kenaka, yikani ma modules ena pang’onopang’ono. Gawo lililonse likakhazikitsidwa, yambitsani ndikuyesa. Mukayatsa, tsatirani njira zomwe zili pamwambazi kuti mupewe kuchulukirachulukira ndikuwotcha zida chifukwa cha zolakwika zamapangidwe kapena/ndi zolakwika pakuyika.

Kupeza njira PCB bolodi kulephera

1. Pezani bolodi ya PCB yolakwika poyesa njira yamagetsi

Chinthu choyamba kutsimikizira ndi ngati voteji ya zikhomo magetsi chip aliyense ndi wabwinobwino, ndiyeno fufuzani ngati voteji kufotokoza zosiyanasiyana ndi zachilendo. Kuphatikiza apo, EDA365 forum yamagetsi imakumbutsa: komanso kutsimikizira ngati voteji yogwira ntchito pamfundo iliyonse ndiyabwinobwino, etc.

Mwachitsanzo, silicon transistor ikayatsidwa, voteji ya BE junction imakhala pafupifupi 0.7V, pomwe voteji ya CE ndi pafupifupi 0.3V kapena kuchepera. Ngati voteji ya BE junction ya transistor ndi yaikulu kuposa 0.7V (kupatula ma transistors apadera, monga Darlington, etc.), zikhoza kukhala kuti BE mphumu yotseguka.

2. Signal jakisoni njira kupeza zolakwika PCB bolodi

Onjezani gwero la siginecha kumalo olowera, ndiyeno yesani mawonekedwe a mafunde a mfundo iliyonse kuti muwone ngati sizabwino kupeza cholakwika. Nthawi zina timagwiritsanso ntchito njira zosavuta, monga kugwira zotchingira ndi manja athu, ndikugwira zolowera m’magawo onse kuti tiwone ngati zotulutsa zimayankhidwa. Izi nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokulitsa mabwalo monga ma audio ndi makanema (koma dziwani kuti mbale yotentha pansi Njirayi siingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa mabwalo okhala ndi voteji yayikulu kapena ma voteji apamwamba, apo ayi angayambitse kugwedezeka kwamagetsi).

Ngati palibe yankho ku mlingo wapitawo, koma pali yankho ku mlingo wotsatira, zikutanthauza kuti vuto liri mu msinkhu wapitawo ndipo liyenera kufufuzidwa.

3. Njira zina zopezera matabwa olakwika a PCB

Pali njira zina zambiri zopezera zolakwika, monga kuwonera, kumvetsera, kununkhiza, kugwira, ndi zina.

“Kuwona” ndikuwona ngati pali kuwonongeka kwa makina owonetsetsa kwa chigawocho, monga kusweka, kuwotcha, kusinthika, ndi zina zotero;

“Kumvetsera” kumatanthauza kumvetsera ngati mawu ogwirira ntchito ali abwinobwino, mwachitsanzo, chinthu chomwe sichiyenera kulira ndi kulira, malo omwe akuyenera kuyimba sakulira kapena mawu osamveka, ndi zina zotero;

“Fungo” ndi kufufuza ngati pali fungo lachilendo, monga fungo la moto, fungo la capacitor electrolyte, etc.

“Kukhudza” ndiko kuyesa ngati kutentha kwa chipangizocho kuli koyenera ndi dzanja, mwachitsanzo, kumatentha kwambiri kapena kuzizira kwambiri.

Zida zina zamagetsi zimatha kutentha zikagwira ntchito. Ngati ali ozizira kukhudza, tinganene kuti sakugwira ntchito. Koma ngati malo amene sayenera kutenthedwa akutentha kapena malo amene akuyenera kukhala otentha kwambiri, zimenezonso sizingagwire ntchito.

Kwa ma transistors amagetsi ambiri, tchipisi tamagetsi owongolera, ndi zina zambiri, ndikwabwino kugwira ntchito pansi pa madigiri 70. Kodi lingaliro la madigiri 70 ndi chiyani? Mukakanikiza dzanja lanu mmwamba, mutha kuligwira kwa masekondi opitilira atatu, zikutanthauza kuti kutentha kuli pansi pa madigiri 70 (zindikirani kuti muyenera kuigwira moyeserera, osawotcha manja anu).