Pali zigawo zambiri zosiyana pakupanga ndi kupanga bolodi losindikizidwa. Izi zitha kukhala zosadziwika bwino ndipo nthawi zina zimatha kuyambitsa chisokonezo, ngakhale kwa anthu omwe amagwira nawo ntchito nthawi zambiri. Pali zigawo zakuthupi zamalumikizidwe adera pa bolodi lozungulira, ndiyeno pali zigawo zopangira zigawo izi mu chida cha PCB CAD. Tiyeni tiwone tanthauzo la zonsezi ndikufotokozera zigawo za PCB.

PCB wosanjikiza mafotokozedwe mu kusindikizidwa dera bolodi

Monga chotupitsa pamwamba, bolodi losindikizidwa losindikizidwa limapangidwa ndi zigawo zingapo. Ngakhale bolodi losavuta lokhala ndi mbali imodzi (yosanjikiza imodzi) imapangidwa ndi chitsulo cha conductive ndi maziko omwe amaphatikizidwa pamodzi. Pamene zovuta za PCB zikuwonjezeka, chiwerengero cha zigawo mkati mwake chidzawonjezekanso.

PCB ya multilayer idzakhala ndi gawo limodzi kapena zingapo zopangira dielectric. Izi nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa ndi nsalu za fiberglass ndi zomatira za epoxy resin, ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chotchingira pakati pa zigawo ziwiri zazitsulo zomwe zimayandikana nazo. Kutengera ndi zigawo zingati zakuthupi zomwe bolodi imafuna, padzakhala zigawo zambiri zazitsulo ndi zapakati. Pakati pa chitsulo chilichonse padzakhala wosanjikiza wa galasi fiber glass fiber, pre-impregnated ndi resin yotchedwa “prepreg”. Prepregs kwenikweni osachiritsika pachimake zipangizo, ndipo pamene anayikidwa pansi Kutentha kuthamanga kwa lamination ndondomeko, iwo amasungunuka ndi kulumikiza zigawo pamodzi. Prepreg idzagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati insulator pakati pa zigawo zachitsulo.

Chitsulo chachitsulo pa PCB yamitundu yambiri chidzayendetsa chizindikiro chamagetsi cha dera ndi mfundo. Pazidziwitso wamba, gwiritsani ntchito zitsulo zocheperako, pomwe maukonde amphamvu ndi pansi, gwiritsani ntchito njira zokulirapo. Ma board a Multilayer nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito chitsulo chonse kuti apange mphamvu kapena ndege yapansi. Izi zimathandiza kuti mbali zonse zilowe mosavuta mu ndege ya ndege kudzera m’mabowo ang’onoang’ono odzaza ndi solder, popanda kufunikira kwa waya ndi ndege zapansi panthawi yonseyi. Zimathandiziranso kuti magetsi apangidwe pamapangidwewo popereka chitetezo chamagetsi komanso njira yabwino yobwereranso pamawonekedwe azizindikiro.

Zosindikizidwa zama board board mu zida zamapangidwe a PCB

Kuti apange zigawo pa bolodi lozungulira la thupi, fayilo yachithunzi yachitsulo yomwe wopanga angagwiritse ntchito pomanga bolodi yozungulira ikufunika. Kuti apange zithunzi izi, zida za PCB kapangidwe ka CAD zili ndi zigawo zawozawo zamagulu ozungulira kuti mainjiniya azigwiritsa ntchito popanga matabwa ozungulira. Mapangidwewo akamalizidwa, magawo osiyanasiyana a CAD awa adzatumizidwa kwa wopanga kudzera pamafayilo opanga ndi kusonkhanitsa.

Chitsulo chilichonse pa bolodi lozungulira chimayimiridwa ndi gawo limodzi kapena zingapo mu chida chopangira PCB. Kawirikawiri, zigawo za dielectric (pachimake ndi prepreg) siziyimiridwa ndi zigawo za CAD, ngakhale izi zidzasiyana malinga ndi teknoloji ya board board yomwe idzapangidwe, yomwe tidzatchula pambuyo pake. Komabe, pamapangidwe ambiri a PCB, wosanjikiza wa dielectric umangoyimiridwa ndi zomwe zili mu chida chopangira, kuti muganizire zakuthupi ndi m’lifupi. Makhalidwe awa ndi ofunikira kwa ma Calculator ndi ma simulators osiyanasiyana omwe chida chopangiracho chidzagwiritsa ntchito kudziwa zolondola zazitsulo ndi malo.

Kuphatikiza pa kupeza wosanjikiza wosiyana pagawo lililonse lachitsulo la bolodi ladera mu chida chopangira PCB, padzakhalanso zigawo za CAD zoperekedwa ku chigoba cha solder, phala la solder, ndi zosindikiza zosindikiza. Pambuyo matabwa ozungulira ndi laminated pamodzi, masks, pastes ndi zowonetsera zosindikizira zosindikizira ntchito pa matabwa dera, kotero iwo si zigawo thupi la matabwa enieni dera. Komabe, kuti apatse opanga PCB chidziwitso chofunikira kuti agwiritse ntchito zidazi, ayeneranso kupanga mafayilo awoawo kuchokera pagawo la PCB CAD. Pomaliza, chida chopangira PCB chidzakhalanso ndi zigawo zina zambiri zomangidwa kuti zipeze zina zofunika pakupanga kapena zolemba. Izi zingaphatikizepo zinthu zachitsulo pa bolodi kapena pa bolodi, manambala a zigawo ndi ndondomeko ya zigawo.

Kupitilira muyezo wa PCB wosanjikiza

Kuphatikiza pakupanga matabwa osanjikiza amodzi kapena angapo osanjikiza osindikizidwa, zida za CAD zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito munjira zina zamapangidwe a PCB masiku ano. Mapangidwe osinthika komanso okhwima adzakhala ndi zigawo zosinthika zomangidwa mkati mwake, ndipo zigawozi zimafunikira kuyimiridwa mu zida za PCB zopanga CAD. Osati kokha kusonyeza zigawo izi mu chida ntchito, komanso kufunika patsogolo 3D malo ntchito mu chida. Izi zidzalola okonza kuti awone momwe mapangidwe osinthika amapindikira ndi kufutukuka komanso kuchuluka ndi ngodya yopindika ikagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Ukadaulo wina womwe umafunikira magawo owonjezera a CAD ndiukadaulo wosindikiza kapena wosakanizidwa wamagetsi. Mapangidwe awa amapangidwa powonjezera kapena “kusindikiza” zitsulo ndi zida zamagetsi pagawo laling’ono m’malo mogwiritsa ntchito njira yochepetsera ngati ma PCB wamba. Kuti zigwirizane ndi izi, zida zopangira PCB ziyenera kuwonetsa ndi kupanga zigawo za dielectric izi kuwonjezera pazitsulo zokhazikika, chigoba, phala ndi zosindikizira zosindikizira.