Kodi biodegradable PCB ndi yabwino zachilengedwe mokwanira?

PCB ndi gawo lofunikira pazamagetsi aliwonse. Ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamagetsi m’mbali zonse za moyo wathu komanso chifukwa chafupikitsa moyo wawo, chinthu chimodzi ndi kuwonjezeka kwa e-waste. Ndi chitukuko cha mafakitale omwe akubwera monga intaneti ya Zinthu komanso chitukuko champhamvu chaukadaulo wotsogola waukadaulo wamagalimoto mu gawo lamagalimoto, kukula kumeneku kudzangokulirakulira.

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Chifukwa chiyani PCB zinyalala ndi vuto lenileni?

Ngakhale mapangidwe a PCB atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zaka zambiri, chowonadi ndichakuti zida zazing’onozi zomwe PCB zimalamulira zikusinthidwa pafupipafupi mowopsa. Choncho, vuto lalikulu lomwe limakhalapo ndilo vuto la kuwonongeka, lomwe limayambitsa mavuto ambiri a chilengedwe. Makamaka m’mayiko otukuka, chifukwa zinthu zambiri zamagetsi zomwe zimatayidwa zimatumizidwa kumalo otayirako, zimatulutsa poizoni m’chilengedwe, monga:

Mercury – imatha kuwononga impso ndi ubongo.

Cadmium – yomwe imadziwika kuti imayambitsa khansa.

Mtsogoleri wodziwika kuti amayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa ubongo

Brominated flame retardants (BFR) – omwe amadziwika kuti amakhudza ntchito ya mahomoni a amayi.

Beryllium – yomwe imadziwika kuti imayambitsa khansa

Ngakhale bolodi itakonzedwanso ndikugwiritsidwanso ntchito m’malo moiponya kutayira, njira yobwezeretsanso ndi yowopsa ndipo imatha kubweretsa ngozi. Vuto lina ndiloti pamene zipangizo zathu zikucheperachepera, zimakhala zovuta kuzilekanitsa kuti zibwezeretsenso zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito. Musanatulutse zida zilizonse zomwe zitha kubwezeretsedwanso, zomatira ndi zomatira zonse zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ziyenera kuchotsedwa pamanja. Choncho, ndondomekoyi ndi yovuta kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri, izi zikutanthauza kutumiza ma board a PCB kumayiko osatukuka omwe ali ndi ndalama zotsika mtengo. Yankho la mafunso awa (zida zamagetsi zowunjika m’malo otayiramo kapena zimasinthidwanso) mwachiwonekere ndi PCB yowonongeka, yomwe ingachepetse kwambiri zinyalala za e.

Kusintha zinthu zapoizoni zomwe zilipo panopa ndi zitsulo zosakhalitsa (monga tungsten kapena zinki) ndi sitepe yaikulu pamenepa. Gulu la asayansi ku Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory ku yunivesite ya Illinois ku Urbana-Champaign akonzekera kupanga PCB yogwira ntchito mokwanira yomwe imawola ikakumana ndi madzi. PCB imapangidwa ndi zinthu zotsatirazi:

Zigawo zamalonda zapashelufu

Magnesium phala

Tungsten Paste

Sodium Carboxymethyl cellulose (Na-CMC) gawo lapansi

Polyethylene oxide (PEO) chomangira wosanjikiza

M’malo mwake, ma PCB omwe amatha kuwonongeka kwathunthu apangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito biocomposites zopangidwa ndi ulusi wapa cellulose wachilengedwe wotengedwa ku tsinde la nthochi ndi gluteni watirigu. Zinthu za biocomposite zilibe mankhwala. Ma PCB osakhalitsa a biodegradable ali ndi zinthu zofanana ndi ma PCB wamba. Ma PCB ena osawonongeka apangidwanso pogwiritsa ntchito nthenga za nkhuku ndi ulusi wagalasi.

Ma biopolymers monga ma carbohydrate ndi mapuloteni amatha kuwonongeka, koma zachilengedwe zomwe zimafunikira (monga nthaka ndi madzi) zikusowa. Ma biopolymers ongowonjezedwanso komanso okhazikika amathanso kupezedwa kuchokera ku zinyalala zaulimi (monga ulusi wa nthochi), zomwe zimachotsedwa kumitengo ya zomera. Zopangira zaulimizi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zida zophatikizika ndi biodegradable.

Kodi bungwe loteteza zachilengedwe ndi lodalirika?

Nthawi zambiri, mawu akuti “chitetezo cha chilengedwe” amakumbutsa anthu za chithunzi cha zinthu zosalimba, zomwe sizomwe tikufuna kuyanjana ndi ma PCB. Zina mwazovuta zathu zokhudzana ndi matabwa obiriwira a PCB ndi awa:

Makina amakina-Mfundo yakuti matabwa okonda zachilengedwe amapangidwa ndi ulusi wa nthochi imapangitsa kuti tiziganiza kuti matabwa angakhale osalimba ngati masamba. Koma zoona zake n’zakuti ofufuza akuphatikiza zinthu zapansi panthaka kuti apange matabwa omwe amafanana ndi mphamvu ndi matabwa wamba.

Thermal performance-PCB iyenera kukhala yabwino kwambiri pakutentha komanso kuti ikhale yosavuta kugwira moto. Zimadziwika kuti zipangizo zamoyo zimakhala ndi kutentha kochepa, choncho m’lingaliro lina, manthawa ali okhazikika. Komabe, otsika kutentha solder angathandize kupewa vutoli.

Dielectric constant-Awa ndi malo omwe magwiridwe antchito a board owonongeka amakhala ofanana ndi a board achikhalidwe. Zosintha za dielectric zomwe zimapezedwa ndi mbalezi zili bwino mkati mwazofunikira.

Kuchita pansi pazovuta kwambiri-Ngati PCB ya zinthu za biocomposite imayang’aniridwa ndi chinyezi chambiri kapena kutentha kwambiri, kupatuka kwake sikudzawonedwa.

Kutentha kwapang’onopang’ono-biocomposite zipangizo zimatha kutulutsa kutentha kwakukulu, komwe ndi khalidwe lofunika la PCBs.

Pamene kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa zinthu zamagetsi kukuchulukirachulukira, zinyalala zamagetsi zidzapitirizabe kukula mochititsa mantha. Komabe, uthenga wabwino ndi wakuti ndi kupititsa patsogolo kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi chitetezo cha chilengedwe, matabwa obiriwira adzakhala zenizeni zamalonda, motero kuchepetsa e-waste ndi e-recycling nkhani. Pamene tikulimbana ndi zida zakale za e-waste komanso zida zamakono zamakono, ndi nthawi yoti tiyang’ane zam’tsogolo ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ma PCB osawonongeka akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.