Kodi ubwino ndi kuipa kwa ndondomeko pamwamba mankhwala a bolodi PCB?

Ndi chitukuko chosalekeza cha sayansi yamagetsi ndi ukadaulo, PCB ukadaulo wasinthanso kwambiri, ndipo njira zopangira ziyenera kukonzedwanso. Pa nthawi yomweyo, ndondomeko zofunika matabwa PCB dera lililonse makampani pang’onopang’ono bwino. Mwachitsanzo, m’mabwalo ozungulira mafoni ndi makompyuta, golidi ndi mkuwa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kusiyanitsa ubwino ndi kuipa kwa matabwa ozungulira.

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Tengani aliyense kuti amvetsetse luso lapamwamba la bolodi la PCB, ndikuyerekeza zabwino ndi zovuta ndi zochitika zosiyanasiyana zamagulu osiyanasiyana a PCB board.

Kuchokera kunja, mbali yakunja ya bolodi yozungulira imakhala ndi mitundu itatu: golidi, siliva, ndi kuwala kofiira. Odziwika ndi mtengo: golide ndiye wokwera mtengo kwambiri, siliva ndi wachiwiri, ndipo kufiira kopepuka ndikotsika mtengo kwambiri. Ndipotu, n’zosavuta kuweruza kuchokera ku mtundu ngati opanga hardware akudula ngodya. Komabe, mawaya mkati mwa bolodi lozungulira amakhala makamaka mkuwa wangwiro, ndiye kuti, bolodi lopanda mkuwa.

1. Mbale yamkuwa yosalala

Ubwino ndi zovuta zake ndizodziwikiratu:

Ubwino: mtengo wotsika, malo osalala, kuwotcherera kwabwino (pakalibe makutidwe ndi okosijeni).

Zoipa: N’zosavuta kukhudzidwa ndi asidi ndi chinyezi ndipo sichikhoza kusungidwa kwa nthawi yaitali. Iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mkati mwa maola awiri mutatha kumasula, chifukwa mkuwa umakhala ndi okosijeni mosavuta ukakhala ndi mpweya; siingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa matabwa a mbali ziwiri chifukwa mbali yachiwiri pambuyo pa kusungunula koyamba kwa reflow Imapangidwa kale oxidized. Ngati pali malo oyesera, phala la solder liyenera kusindikizidwa kuti liteteze makutidwe ndi okosijeni, apo ayi silingagwirizane bwino ndi kafukufukuyo.

Mkuwa woyengedwa bwino umapangidwa ndi okosijeni mosavuta ngati utawululidwa ndi mpweya, ndipo wosanjikiza wakunja uyenera kukhala ndi chitetezo chomwe tatchula pamwambapa. Ndipo anthu ena amaganiza kuti chikasu chagolide ndi mkuwa, zomwe n’kulakwa chifukwa ndi nsanjika yoteteza pamkuwa. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuyika gawo lalikulu la golide pa board yozungulira, yomwe ndi njira yomiza golide yomwe ndakuphunzitsani kale.

Chachiwiri, mbale yagolide

Golide ndi golide weniweni. Ngakhale ngati wosanjikiza woonda kwambiri wakutidwa, umakhala kale pafupifupi 10% ya mtengo wa board board. Ku Shenzhen, kuli amalonda ambiri omwe amakhazikika pakugula matabwa oyendera zinyalala. Amatha kutsuka golide pogwiritsa ntchito njira zina, zomwe ndi ndalama zabwino.

Gwiritsani ntchito golide ngati plating wosanjikiza, imodzi ndikuthandizira kuwotcherera, ndipo ina ndikuletsa dzimbiri. Ngakhale chala chagolide cha memory stick chomwe chakhala chikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zaka zingapo chikugwedezekabe ngati kale. Ngati mkuwa, aluminiyamu, ndi chitsulo zinagwiritsidwa ntchito poyamba, tsopano zachita dzimbiri mulu wa nyenyeswa.

Chosanjikiza chopangidwa ndi golide chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamapadi agawo, zala zagolide, ndi cholumikizira cholumikizira cha board board. Ngati mupeza kuti bolodi laderali ndi siliva, zimapita popanda kunena. Ngati muyimbira foni yaufulu wa ogula mwachindunji, wopangayo ayenera kukhala akudula ngodya, kulephera kugwiritsa ntchito bwino zinthu, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zitsulo zina kupusitsa makasitomala. Ma board a amayi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pama foni am’manja omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri nthawi zambiri amakhala matabwa okhala ndi golide, matabwa omizidwa ndi golide, ma boardboard apakompyuta, ma audio ndi ma board ang’onoang’ono a digito nthawi zambiri sakhala matabwa okhala ndi golide.

Ubwino ndi kuipa kwaukadaulo womiza golide sizovuta kujambula:

Ubwino: Sikophweka oxidize, akhoza kusungidwa kwa nthawi yaitali, ndipo pamwamba ndi lathyathyathya, oyenera kuwotcherera zikhomo ang’onoang’ono kusiyana ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu ndi mafupa ang’onoang’ono solder. Chisankho choyamba cha matabwa a PCB okhala ndi mabatani (monga matabwa a foni yam’manja). Reflow soldering ikhoza kubwerezedwa nthawi zambiri popanda kuchepetsa kusungunuka kwake. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gawo lapansi la COB (ChipOnBoard) yolumikizira waya.

Zoipa: kukwera mtengo, kuperewera kwa mphamvu zowotcherera, chifukwa njira yopangira nickel yopanda electroless imagwiritsidwa ntchito, zimakhala zosavuta kukhala ndi vuto lakuda disk. Nickel wosanjikiza adzakhala oxidize pakapita nthawi, ndi kudalirika kwa nthawi yaitali ndi vuto.

Tsopano ife tikudziwa kuti golide ndi golide ndi siliva ndi siliva? Ayi ndithu, ndi malata.

Atatu, utsi malata bolodi dera

Gulu lasiliva limatchedwa bolodi la spray tin. Kupopera zitsulo zosanjikiza kunja kwa dera la mkuwa kungathandizenso kutsekemera. Koma sizingapereke kudalirika kwa nthawi yayitali ngati golide. Zilibe mphamvu pazigawo zomwe zagulitsidwa, koma kudalirika sikokwanira kwa mapepala omwe awonetsedwa ndi mpweya kwa nthawi yaitali, monga mapepala apansi ndi ma pini. Kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali kumakhala ndi okosijeni komanso dzimbiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti musagwirizane. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gulu lozungulira lazinthu zazing’ono za digito, popanda kupatula, bolodi la malata opopera, chifukwa ndi lotsika mtengo.

Ubwino ndi kuipa kwake akufotokozedwa mwachidule motere:

Ubwino: mtengo wotsika komanso ntchito yabwino yowotcherera.

Zoipa: Osayenerera zikhomo zowotcherera zokhala ndi mipata yabwino ndi zigawo zazing’ono kwambiri, chifukwa kutsetsereka kwapansi kwa mbale ya malata ndi osauka. Mikanda ya solder imakonda kupangidwa panthawi ya PCB, ndipo ndizosavuta kupangitsa kuti mabwalo afupikitsidwe amveke bwino. Mukagwiritsidwa ntchito mu njira ya SMT yokhala ndi mbali ziwiri, chifukwa mbali yachiwiri yakhala ikuwotchera kutentha kwambiri, zimakhala zosavuta kupopera malata ndikusungunulanso, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mikanda ya malata kapena madontho ofanana omwe amakhudzidwa ndi mphamvu yokoka kukhala malata ozungulira. madontho, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pamwamba pakhale poipa kwambiri. Kupalasa kumakhudza zovuta zowotcherera.

Tisanalankhule za bolodi yotsika mtengo yotsika mtengo yofiira, ndiye kuti, nyali ya nyali ya thermoelectric kulekanitsa mkuwa gawo lapansi.

Chachinayi, bolodi laukadaulo la OSP

Filimu ya organic soldering. Chifukwa ndi organic, osati chitsulo, ndi wotsika mtengo kuposa kupopera malata.

Ubwino: Ili ndi zabwino zonse zowotcherera mbale zamkuwa, ndipo bolodi lomwe latha litha kuthandizidwanso pamwamba.

Zoipa: zimakhudzidwa mosavuta ndi asidi ndi chinyezi. Mukagwiritsidwa ntchito muzitsulo zachiwiri, ziyenera kumalizidwa pakapita nthawi, ndipo nthawi zambiri zotsatira za soldering yachiwiri zimakhala zochepa kwambiri. Ngati nthawi yosungiramo ipitilira miyezi itatu, iyenera kubwerezedwanso. Iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mkati mwa maola 24 mutatsegula phukusi. OSP ndi wosanjikiza insulating, kotero mayeso mfundo ayenera kusindikizidwa ndi solder phala kuchotsa original OSP wosanjikiza pamaso angagwirizane ndi pini kuyezetsa magetsi.

Ntchito yokhayo ya filimuyi organic ndi kuonetsetsa kuti mkati mkuwa zojambulazo sadzakhala oxidized pamaso kuwotcherera. filimuyi wosanjikiza volatilizes akangotenthedwa pa kuwotcherera. Solder amatha kuwotcherera waya wamkuwa ndi zigawo zake pamodzi.

Koma si kugonjetsedwa ndi dzimbiri. Ngati gulu ladera la OSP likuwonekera mlengalenga kwa masiku khumi, zigawozo sizingawotchedwe.

Mabotolo ambiri apakompyuta amagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa OSP. Chifukwa dera la boardboard ndi lalikulu kwambiri, silingagwiritsidwe ntchito popaka golide.