Unikani zomwe zimayambitsa ndi njira zopewera kulephera kwa electroplating mkuwa pakupanga kwa PCB

Copper sulfate electroplating ili ndi malo ofunikira kwambiri PCB electroplating. Ubwino wa asidi mkuwa electroplating mwachindunji zimakhudza khalidwe ndi zokhudzana makina katundu wa electroplated mkuwa wosanjikiza wa bolodi PCB, ndipo zimakhudza ena processing wotsatira. Choncho, mmene kulamulira asidi mkuwa electroplating Ubwino wa PCB ndi mbali yofunika ya PCB electroplating, ndipo ndi imodzi mwa njira zovuta kuti mafakitale ambiri kulamulira ndondomeko. Kutengera zaka zambiri muzochita zama electroplating ndi luso laukadaulo, wolembayo akufotokoza mwachidule zotsatirazi, akuyembekeza kulimbikitsa makampani opanga ma electroplating mumakampani a PCB.Mavuto omwe amapezeka mu acid copper electroplating makamaka ndi awa:

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1. Kuyikapo movutikira; 2. Plating (bolodi pamwamba) particles mkuwa; 3. Dzenje la Electroplating; 4. Pamwamba pa bolodi ndi yoyera kapena yosiyana mu mtundu.

Poyankha mavuto omwe ali pamwambawa, mfundo zina zidapangidwa, ndipo njira zina zowunikira mwachidule komanso njira zodzitetezera zidachitika.

Kuyika kwa electroplating: Nthawi zambiri mbali ya bolodi imakhala yovuta, yomwe yambiri imayamba chifukwa cha electroplating panopa ndi yaikulu kwambiri. Mutha kuchepetsa zapano ndikuyang’ana chiwonetsero chamakono ndi mita yamakhadi pazolakwika; gulu lonse ndi akhakula, kawirikawiri ayi, koma wolemba anakumana kamodzi mu malo kasitomala. Pambuyo pake zinadziwika kuti kutentha m’nyengo yozizira kunali kochepa ndipo zomwe zili ndi zowunikira zinali zosakwanira; ndipo nthawi zina matabwa ena omwe anazimiririka sanasamalidwe bwino, ndipo mikhalidwe yofananira imachitika.

Kuyika tinthu tating’ono ta mkuwa pa bolodi: Pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zimapangitsa kuti tinthu tating’ono ta mkuwa tipangidwe pa bolodi. Kuchokera pakumira kwa mkuwa kupita ku njira yonse yosinthira mawonekedwe, ndizotheka kuyika mkuwa wa electroplating pa bolodi la PCB lokha.

Tinthu tating’ono ta mkuwa pa bolodi chifukwa cha kumiza kwa mkuwa kumatha kuyambitsidwa ndi sitepe iliyonse yomiza mkuwa. Kuwotcha kwa alkaline sikungoyambitsa roughness pamwamba pa bolodi komanso roughness m’mabowo pamene kuuma kwa madzi kuli kwakukulu ndipo fumbi lobowola liri lochuluka (makamaka bolodi lokhala ndi mbali ziwiri silimachotsedwa). Kuwonongeka kwamkati ndi dothi laling’ono lokhala ngati malo pamwamba pa bolodi lingathenso kuchotsedwa; pali makamaka milandu yambiri ya micro-etching: khalidwe la micro-etching agent hydrogen peroxide kapena sulfuric acid ndi losauka kwambiri, kapena ammonium persulfate (sodium) ili ndi zonyansa zambiri, nthawi zambiri Ndibwino kuti ikhale CP. kalasi. Kuphatikiza pa kalasi yamafakitale, zolephera zina zamtundu zitha kuyambitsa; Kuchulukirachulukira kwa mkuwa mu bafa yaying’ono-etching kapena kutentha pang’ono kungayambitse kugwa pang’onopang’ono kwa makhiristo amkuwa a sulphate; ndipo madzi osambirawo amakhala avumbi komanso oipitsidwa.

Njira zambiri zoyankhira zimachitika chifukwa cha kuipitsa kapena kusamalidwa bwino. Mwachitsanzo, pampu fyuluta kutayikira, madzi osambira ali otsika enieni yokoka, ndipo zili mkuwa kwambiri (thanki kutsegula kwagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yaitali, kuposa zaka 3), amene adzatulutsa particulate inaimitsidwa nkhani mu kusamba. . Kapena chonyansa colloid, adsorbed pa mbale pamwamba kapena dzenje khoma, nthawi iyi adzakhala limodzi ndi roughness mu dzenje. Kusungunuka kapena kufulumizitsa: madzi osambira ndi otalika kwambiri kuti awoneke ngati osokonezeka, chifukwa njira zambiri zowonongeka zimakonzedwa ndi fluoroboric acid, kuti ziwononge galasi la galasi mu FR-4, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti silicate ndi mchere wa calcium mu kusamba ziwuke. . Kuonjezera apo, kuwonjezeka kwa mkuwa ndi kuchuluka kwa malata osungunuka mu kusamba kudzachititsa kupanga tinthu tating’ono ta mkuwa pa bolodi. Sinki yomira yokhayo imayamba chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa madzi a tanki, fumbi lomwe likuyenda mumlengalenga, komanso kuchuluka kwa tinthu tating’ono tolimba mu tanki yamadzimadzi. Mukhoza kusintha ndondomeko magawo, kuwonjezera kapena m’malo mpweya fyuluta chinthu, zosefera thanki lonse, etc. Njira yothetsera. Tanki yosungunuka ya asidi yosunga mbale yamkuwa kwakanthawi mkuwa utayikidwa, madzi a tanki azikhala oyera, ndipo tanki yamadzimadzi iyenera kusinthidwa munthawi yomwe yachita chipwirikiti.

Kusungirako nthawi ya bolodi yomiza mkuwa sikuyenera kukhala motalika kwambiri, apo ayi bolodi lidzakhala losungunuka mosavuta, ngakhale mu njira ya asidi, ndipo filimu ya okusayidi idzakhala yovuta kutaya pambuyo pa okosijeni, kotero kuti particles zamkuwa zidzapangidwa pa bolodi pamwamba. Tinthu tating’ono ta mkuwa pamwamba pa bolodi chifukwa cha kumira kwa mkuwa komwe tatchula pamwambapa, kupatula makutidwe ndi okosijeni pamwamba, nthawi zambiri amagawidwa pa bolodi mofanana komanso mokhazikika mwamphamvu, ndipo kuipitsidwa komwe kumapangidwa pano kudzayambitsa ngakhale zili choncho. conductive kapena ayi. Pochita ndi kupanga tinthu tating’ono mkuwa pamwamba pa mbale yamkuwa ya electroplated ya dongosolo la PCB, matabwa ena ang’onoang’ono oyesera angagwiritsidwe ntchito pokonza padera kuti afanizire ndi kuweruza. Kwa bolodi yolakwika pamalopo, burashi yofewa ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuthetsa vutoli; njira yosinthira zithunzi: pali guluu wowonjezera pakukula (woonda kwambiri Filimu yotsalira imathanso kupukutidwa ndikukutidwa panthawi ya electroplating), kapena samatsukidwa pambuyo pa chitukuko, kapena mbaleyo imayikidwa kwa nthawi yayitali pambuyo poti samutsidwa, kuchititsa mosiyanasiyana makutidwe ndi okosijeni pa mbale pamwamba, makamaka osauka kuyeretsa kwa mbale pamwamba Pamene kuipitsidwa kwa mpweya mu yosungirako kapena yosungirako msonkhano ndi lolemera. Yankho lake ndi kulimbikitsa kutsuka kwa madzi, kulimbikitsa dongosolo ndi kukonza ndondomeko, ndi kulimbikitsa acid degreasing kwambiri.

The asidi mkuwa electroplating thanki palokha, pa nthawi ino, chisanadze mankhwala ake nthawi zambiri sayambitsa particles mkuwa pa bolodi pamwamba, chifukwa non-conductive particles amatha kuyambitsa kutayikira kapena maenje pa bolodi pamwamba. Zifukwa particles mkuwa pa mbale padziko chifukwa yamphamvu mkuwa akhoza mwachidule mbali zingapo: yokonza magawo kusamba, kupanga ndi ntchito, zinthu ndi ndondomeko kukonza. Kusamalira magawo osambira kumaphatikizapo kuchuluka kwa sulfuric acid, mkuwa wochepa kwambiri, kutentha kwamadzi otsika kapena okwera kwambiri, makamaka m’mafakitole opanda njira zoziziritsira zoyendetsedwa ndi kutentha, izi zipangitsa kuti kusamba kuchepe. yachibadwa kupanga ndondomeko Ntchito, mkuwa ufa akhoza kupangidwa mu kusamba ndi kusakaniza mu kusamba;

Pankhani ya ntchito yopanga, kuchulukirachulukira, kusayenda bwino, kutsika kopanda kanthu, ndi mbale yomwe idagwetsedwa mu thanki motsutsana ndi anode kuti isungunuke, ndi zina zotere zingayambitsenso kuchulukirachulukira m’mbale zina, zomwe zimapangitsa ufa wamkuwa, kugwera mumadzimadzi. , ndipo pang’onopang’ono zimayambitsa kulephera kwa tinthu ta mkuwa; zinthu mbali makamaka phosphorous zili phosphor mkuwa ngodya ndi yunifolomu wa phosphorous kugawa; kupanga ndi kukonza mbali makamaka yaikulu processing, ndi mkuwa ngodya imagwera mu thanki pamene ngodya mkuwa anawonjezera, makamaka panthawi yaikulu processing, anode kuyeretsa ndi anode thumba kuyeretsa, mafakitale ambiri Iwo sanasamalidwe bwino. , ndipo pali zoopsa zina zobisika. Pochiza mpira wamkuwa, pamwamba payenera kutsukidwa, ndipo mkuwa watsopano uyenera kukhala wokhazikika ndi hydrogen peroxide. Thumba la anode liyenera kuthiridwa ndi sulfuric acid hydrogen peroxide ndi lye motsatizana kuyeretsa, makamaka thumba la anode liyenera kugwiritsa ntchito thumba la fyuluta ya 5-10 micron PP. .

Maenje a Electroplating: Chilemachi chimayambitsanso njira zambiri, kuyambira pakumira kwa mkuwa, kusamutsa chitsanzo, kupita kumankhwala a electroplating, plating yamkuwa ndi malata. Chifukwa chachikulu cha kumira kwa mkuwa ndi kusayeretsa bwino kwa dengu lolendewera mkuwa lomwe likumira kwa nthawi yayitali. Panthawi ya microetching, madzi oipitsidwa omwe ali ndi mkuwa wa palladium amatsika kuchokera padengu yolendewera pamwamba pa bolodi, ndikuyambitsa kuipitsa. Maenje. Njira yosinthira zithunzi imayamba chifukwa cha kusakonza bwino kwa zida komanso kukonza kuyeretsa. Pali zifukwa zambiri: ndodo ya brush roller suction ya makina osakaniza imayipitsa madontho a guluu, ziwalo zamkati za mpweya wa mpeni mu gawo lowuma zimauma, pali fumbi lamafuta, ndi zina zotero, pamwamba pa bolodi amajambula kapena fumbi. amachotsedwa asanasindikizidwe. Zosayenera, makina omwe akutukukawo sali oyera, kutsuka pambuyo pa chitukuko sikwabwino, defoamer yomwe ili ndi silicon imayipitsa pamwamba pa bolodi, etc. Pre-mankhwala a electroplating, chifukwa chigawo chachikulu cha madzi osamba ndi sulfuric acid, kaya ndi acidic. degreasing agent, micro-etching, prepreg, ndi yankho losamba. Choncho, pamene kuuma kwa madzi kuli kwakukulu, kudzawoneka ngati chipwirikiti ndikuipitsa pamwamba pa bolodi; kuonjezera apo, makampani ena ali ndi kutsekeka kosauka kwa ma hangers. Kwa nthawi yayitali, zidzapezeka kuti encapsulation idzasungunuka ndi kufalikira mu thanki usiku, kuipitsa madzi a tank; particles izi sanali conductive ndi adsorbed padziko bolodi, zimene zingachititse electroplating maenje a madigiri osiyana kwa wotsatira electroplating.

Tanki ya asidi yamkuwa ya electroplating yokha ikhoza kukhala ndi zinthu zotsatirazi: chubu chowombera mpweya chimachoka pamalo oyambirira, ndipo mpweya umagwedezeka mosagwirizana; pampu yosefera imatuluka kapena cholowera chamadzi chimakhala pafupi ndi chubu chowombera mpweya kuti chikoke mpweya, kutulutsa thovu la mpweya wabwino, lomwe limayikidwa pa bolodi kapena m’mphepete mwa mzere. Makamaka kumbali ya mzere wopingasa ndi ngodya ya mzere; nsonga ina ingakhale yogwiritsira ntchito thonje lochepa la thonje, ndipo chithandizocho sichiri chokwanira. Anti-static treatment yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga thonje imayipitsa madzi akusamba ndikupangitsa kuti plating itayike. Izi zikhoza kuwonjezeredwa. Chotsani, chotsani thovu lamadzimadzi panthawi yake. Pambuyo pa thonje lanyowa mu asidi ndi alkali, mtundu wa bolodi umakhala woyera kapena wosagwirizana: makamaka chifukwa cha kupukuta kapena kukonzanso, ndipo nthawi zina kungakhale kuyeretsa mavuto pambuyo pochotsa asidi. Vuto la Micro-etching.

Kusalumikizana bwino kwa chonyezimira mu silinda yamkuwa, kuipitsidwa kwakukulu kwa organic, komanso kutentha kwambiri kwamadzi kungayambike. Kuchepetsa acidic nthawi zambiri sikukhala ndi vuto loyeretsa, koma ngati madzi ali ndi pH ya asidi pang’ono komanso zinthu zakuthupi, makamaka kutsuka kwamadzi obwezeretsanso, kungayambitse kusayeretsa bwino komanso kuwotcha pang’ono; micro-etching makamaka amaganizira mochulukira yaying’ono-etching wothandizira zili Low, mkulu mkuwa zili mu njira yaying’ono-etching, otsika kutentha osamba, etc., kungachititsenso m’mbali micro-etching pamwamba pa bolodi; kuonjezera apo, madzi oyeretsera ndi osauka, nthawi yotsuka ndi yotalikirapo pang’ono kapena yankho la pre-soak acid ndi loipitsidwa, ndipo pamwamba pa bolodi ikhoza kuipitsidwa pambuyo pa chithandizo. Padzakhala oxidation pang’ono. Pa electroplating mu kusamba mkuwa, chifukwa ndi acidic makutidwe ndi okosijeni ndi mbale mlandu mu kusamba, okusayidi n’kovuta kuchotsa, komanso kuchititsa m’mbali mtundu wa mbale pamwamba; Komanso, mbale pamwamba ndi kukhudzana ndi thumba anode, ndi anode conduction ndi wosagwirizana. , Anode passivation ndi zinthu zina zingayambitsenso zolakwika zoterezi.