Momwe mungasankhire zigawo zofananira ndizopindulitsa pamapangidwe a board board?

1. Sankhani zigawo zomwe zimapindulitsa pakuyika

Pagawo lonse lojambulira zojambulajambula, tiyenera kuganizira zisankho zapang’onopang’ono ndi pad patani zomwe ziyenera kupangidwa pagawo la masanjidwe. Nawa malingaliro ena oti muwaganizire posankha zigawo potengera kuyika kwa zigawo.
Kumbukirani, phukusili limaphatikizapo kugwirizana kwa pad yamagetsi ndi kukula kwa makina (x, y ndi z) a chigawocho, ndiko kuti, mawonekedwe a gawo la thupi ndi zikhomo zomwe zimagwirizanitsa PCB. Posankha zigawo, muyenera kuganizira unsembe uliwonse zotheka kapena zoletsa ma CD pamwamba ndi pansi zigawo za PCB yomaliza. Zigawo zina (monga polar capacitance) zitha kukhala ndi zoletsa zoletsa kutalika, zomwe ziyenera kuganiziridwa pakusankha chigawocho. Kumayambiriro kwa mapangidwewo, mutha kujambula mawonekedwe oyambira a bolodi lozungulira, ndikuyika zigawo zazikulu kapena zapamalo (monga zolumikizira) zomwe mukufuna kuzigwiritsa ntchito. Mwanjira imeneyi, mutha kuwona komanso kuwona mawonekedwe a Virtual Board (popanda waya), ndikupereka mawonekedwe olondola achibale ndi kutalika kwa gawo la bolodi ndi zigawo. Izi zidzathandiza kuonetsetsa kuti zigawozo zikhoza kuikidwa bwino muzopaka zakunja (zopangidwa ndi pulasitiki, chassis, chimango, etc.) pambuyo pa msonkhano wa PCB. Imbani mawonekedwe a 3D poyang’ana pazida kuti musakatule gulu lonse ladera.
Chitsanzo cha pad chikuwonetsa pad yeniyeni kapena mawonekedwe a chipangizo chogulitsidwa pa PCB. Mapangidwe amkuwa awa pa PCB alinso ndi chidziwitso choyambira. Kukula kwa mawonekedwe a pad kuyenera kukhala kolondola kuti kuwonetsetse kuti kuwotcherera kolondola komanso kulondola kwamakina ndi kutentha kwazinthu zolumikizidwa. Pamene akukonzekera masanjidwe PCB, tiyenera kuganizira mmene bolodi dera adzapangidwa, kapena mmene PAD adzakhala welded ngati pamanja welded. Reflow soldering (flux kusungunuka mu ng’anjo yotentha kwambiri) imatha kunyamula zida zambiri zapamtunda (SMD). Wave soldering nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kugulitsa kumbuyo kwa bolodi kuti akonze zida zabowo, koma amathanso kuthana ndi zida zina zoyikidwa kumbuyo kwa PCB. Kawirikawiri, pogwiritsira ntchito teknolojiyi, zipangizo zokwera pamwambazi ziyenera kukonzedwa m’njira inayake, ndipo kuti zigwirizane ndi njira yowotcherera, pad iyenera kusinthidwa.
Kusankhidwa kwa zigawo kungasinthidwe mu ndondomeko yonse yopangira. Kumayambiriro kwa kamangidwe kake, kudziwa kuti ndi zida ziti zomwe zikuyenera kugwiritsa ntchito ma electroplated through holes (PTH) ndi zomwe zikuyenera kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa pamwamba mount (SMT) zithandizira kukonzekera kwathunthu kwa PCB. Zomwe ziyenera kuganiziridwa ndi monga mtengo wa chipangizo, kupezeka, kuchuluka kwa chipangizo ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, ndi zina zotero. Kuchokera kumalo opangira, zipangizo zokwera pamwamba zimakhala zotsika mtengo kusiyana ndi zida zodutsa mabowo, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Kwa mapulojekiti ang’onoang’ono ndi apakatikati, ndi bwino kusankha zida zazikulu zokwera pamwamba kapena zida zapabowo, zomwe sizothandiza pakuwotcherera pamanja, komanso zimathandizira kulumikiza mapepala ndi ma siginecha bwino pakuzindikira zolakwika ndikuwongolera. .
Ngati palibe phukusi lomwe lapangidwa kale mu database, nthawi zambiri ndipanga phukusi lokhazikika mu chida.

2. Gwiritsani ntchito njira zabwino zoyatsira pansi

Onetsetsani kuti kapangidwe kake kamakhala ndi mphamvu yolambalala yokwanira komanso mulingo wapansi. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito mabwalo ophatikizika, onetsetsani kuti mukugwiritsa ntchito cholumikizira choyenera pafupi ndi malekezero amagetsi mpaka pansi (makamaka ndege yapansi). Mphamvu yoyenera ya capacitor imadalira ntchito yeniyeni, teknoloji ya capacitor ndi maulendo ogwiritsira ntchito. Pamene bypass capacitor imayikidwa pakati pa magetsi ndi zikhomo pansi ndi pafupi ndi pini yolondola ya IC, kuyanjana kwa electromagnetic ndi kutengeka kwa dera kumatha kukonzedwa.

3. Perekani ma CD pafupifupi chigawo
Sindikizani bilu yazinthu (BOM) kuti muwone zinthu zenizeni. Zida zowoneka bwino zilibe zoyikapo zogwirizana ndipo sizidzasamutsidwa kugawo la masanjidwe. Pangani bilu yazinthu ndikuwona zigawo zonse zowoneka bwino pamapangidwewo. Zinthu zokhazo ziyenera kukhala zizindikiro za mphamvu ndi pansi, chifukwa zimaganiziridwa ngati zigawo zenizeni, zomwe zimangokonzedwa mwapadera mu chilengedwe cha schematic ndipo sizidzaperekedwa ku mapangidwe apangidwe. Pokhapokha ngati zikugwiritsidwa ntchito poyerekezera, zigawo zomwe zikuwonetsedwa mu gawo laling’ono ziyenera kusinthidwa ndi zigawo zomwe zili ndi phukusi.

4. Onetsetsani kuti muli ndi data yonse ya zinthu
Yang’anani ngati pali deta yokwanira komanso yokwanira mu lipoti labilu yazinthu. Pambuyo popanga lipoti lazinthu, ndikofunikira kuyang’ana mosamala ndikuwonjezera zidziwitso zosakwanira za zida, ogulitsa kapena opanga pazolemba zonse.

5. Sanjani molingana ndi chizindikiro cha chigawo

Kuti muthandizire kusanja ndikuwona bili ya zida, onetsetsani kuti zilembo zamaguluwo zimawerengedwa motsatizana.

6. Yang’anani dera losafunikira lachipata
Nthawi zambiri, kulowetsa kwa zipata zonse zosafunikira kuyenera kukhala ndi kulumikizana ndi ma siginecha kuti malekezero atsekedwe. Onetsetsani kuti mwayang’ana zipata zonse zosafunikira kapena zomwe zikusowa komanso kuti zolowetsa zonse zomwe zilibe mawaya ndizolumikizidwa kwathunthu. Nthawi zina, ngati kulowetsako kuyimitsidwa, dongosolo lonse silingagwire ntchito moyenera. Tengani ma amplifiers opangira kawiri, omwe nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga. Ngati gawo limodzi lokha la njira ziwiri za op amp IC likugwiritsidwa ntchito, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mugwiritse ntchito op amp ena, kapena kuyikapo gawo la op amp osagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndikukonzekera phindu loyenera la unit (kapena phindu lina) maukonde a ndemanga, kuti zitsimikizire kuti gawo lonse likuyenda bwino.
Nthawi zina, ma IC okhala ndi mapini oyandama sangagwire bwino ntchito mkati mwa index. Nthawi zambiri, pokhapokha ngati chipangizo cha IC kapena zipata zina mu chipangizo chomwecho sizikugwira ntchito m’malo odzaza, zolowetsa kapena zotulutsa zili pafupi kapena mu gawo la njanji yamagetsi, IC iyi ikhoza kukwaniritsa zofunikira za index ikagwira ntchito. Kuyerekezera nthawi zambiri sikungathe kufotokoza izi, chifukwa zitsanzo zofananira nthawi zambiri sizilumikiza magawo angapo a IC palimodzi kuti ziwonetsere kuyimitsidwa.

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