1. Zowonjezera ndondomeko yowonjezera
Zimatanthawuza za kukula kwachindunji kwa mizere yoyendetsera dera lomwe lili ndi chopukutira chamkuwa pamwamba pa gawo losagwiritsa ntchito mothandizidwa ndi wothandizila wowonjezera (onani tsamba 62, Na. 47, Journal of information board board kuti mumve zambiri). Njira zowonjezera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m’mabwalo azigawo zitha kugawidwa ndikuwonjezerapo, kuwonjezera pang’ono komanso kuwonjezera pang’ono.
2. Zipangizo zam’mbuyo
Ndi mtundu wa bolodi woyenda ndi makulidwe akuda (monga 0.093 “, 0.125”), womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kupula ndi kulumikizana ndi matabwa ena. Njirayi ndiyoti muyike cholumikizira chazipini zingapo pakukanikiza kudzera pabowo osakanikirana, kenako ndikutulutsa waya m’modzi mwa njira yolowera pachikhomo chilichonse cholumikizira cholumikizira. Bungwe loyang’anira dera lonse limatha kulowetsedwa mu cholumikizira. Chifukwa dzenje la bolodi lapaderali silingagulitsidwe, koma khoma loboola ndi pini yolondolera imamangirizidwa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito, chifukwa chake mawonekedwe ake ndi kutsegula kwake ndi okhwima kwambiri, ndipo kuchuluka kwake sikokwanira. Opanga ma board a dera ambiri sakufuna komanso ndizovuta kuvomereza lamuloli, lomwe lakhala pafupifupi makampani apamwamba ku United States.
3. Limbikitsani ntchito
Imeneyi ndi njira yopyapyala yamagawo angapo m’munda watsopano. Kuunikiridwa koyambirira kunachokera ku njira ya SLC ya IBM ndipo idayamba kupanga zoyeserera mu fakitale ya Yasu ku Japan ku 1989. Njira iyi idakhazikitsidwa ndi mbale yazikhalidwe ziwiri. Ma mbale awiri akunja amadzazidwa ndimadzimadzi owoneka bwino kwambiri monga probmer 52. Pambuyo pouma pang’ono ndi chithunzi chojambula chithunzi, “chithunzi kudzera” chosagwirizana cholumikizidwa ndi gawo lotsatiralo chimapangidwa, Pambuyo mkuwa wamkuwa ndi mkuwa wamagetsi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti muwonjezere wosanjikiza, ndipo atatha kujambula ndi kujambula mzere, mawaya atsopano ndi mabowo okumbidwa kapena mabowo akhungu olumikizidwa ndi wosanjikiza apansi amatha kupezeka. Potero, chiwerengero chofunikira cha bolodi la multilayer chitha kupezeka powonjezera zigawo mobwerezabwereza. Njirayi siyingopewe kokha mtengo wamakina obowola mtengo, komanso amachepetsa dzenje m’munsi mpaka 10mil. M’zaka zisanu kapena zisanu ndi chimodzi zapitazi, mitundu ingapo yamatekinoloje a multilayer board omwe amaphwanya mwambowu ndikutsata wosanjikiza akhala akulimbikitsidwa mosalekeza ndi opanga ku United States, Japan ndi Europe, ndikupangitsa kuti izi zizikhala zotchuka, ndipo pali zoposa mitundu khumi yazogulitsa pamsika. Kuphatikiza pa “photosensitive pore kupanga”; Palinso njira zosiyanasiyana zopangira “pore kupanga” monga kuluma kwamchere wamchere, kupukutira kwa laser komanso kupangika kwa plasma kwa mbale zakuthambo atachotsa khungu lamkuwa pamalo obowo. Kuphatikiza apo, mtundu watsopano wa “utoto wokutira utoto wonyezimira” wokutidwa ndi utomoni wowuma ungagwiritsidwe ntchito kupangira utoto wocheperako, wokulirapo, wocheperako komanso wocheperako. M’tsogolomu, zinthu zamagetsi zamagetsi osiyanasiyana zidzakhala dziko la bolodi locheperako, lalifupi komanso losanjikiza.
4. Cermet Taojin
Ceramic ufa umasakanizidwa ndi ufa wachitsulo, kenako zomatira zimawonjezeredwa ngati zokutira. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kusanjika kwa “resistor” pamalo oyang’anira dera (kapena wosanjikiza wamkati) mwa mawonekedwe amakanema kapena kusindikiza kwamafilimu owonda, kuti muthe kusinthana ndi zotchinga zakunja pamsonkhano.
5. Co kuwombera
Ndi njira yopangira ceramic hybrid board board. Maseketi osindikizidwa ndi mitundu ingapo yamtengo wapatali wachitsulo wonenepa wamafilimu pagulu laling’ono amatenthedwa ndi kutentha kwambiri. Zonyamula zosiyanasiyana mumtambo wakuda wamafuta zimawotchedwa, kusiya mizere yazitsulo zofunikira ngati zingwe zolumikizana.
6. Kuwoloka Mtanda
Njira yolumikizana yopingasa yopingasa iwiri yopingasa pamwamba pa bolodi, ndipo dontho la mphambano limadzaza ndi sing’anga. Kawirikawiri, carbon film jumper imawonjezeredwa pa pepala lobiriwira pamwamba pa gulu limodzi, kapena kulumikizana pamwamba ndi pansi pa njira yowonjezerapo ndi “kuwoloka” koteroko.
7. Pangani bolodi yolumikiza
Ndiye kuti, chiwonetsero china cha bolodi yama waya yambiri imapangidwa ndikulumikiza waya wozungulira wozungulira pamwamba pa bolodi ndikuwonjezera kudzera m’mabowo. Magwiridwe amtundu wamtundu wama board pamtundu wothamanga kwambiri ndi wabwinoko kuposa dera lathyathyathya lomwe limapangidwa ndi PCB yayikulu.
8. Dycosttrate plasma etching una wowonjezera wosanjikiza njira
Ndi njira yolimbikitsira yopangidwa ndi kampani ya dyconex yomwe ili ku Zurich, Switzerland. Imeneyi ndi njira yolumikizira zojambulazo zamkuwa pamalo aliwonse abwalo pamwambapa, kenako nkuziyika pamalo otsekemera, ndikudzaza CF4, N2 ndi O2 kuti muzitha kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi kuti mupange plasma yokhala ndi zochitika zambiri, kuti etch gawo lapansi pamalo abowo ndikupanga mabowo ang’onoang’ono oyendetsa (pansipa 10mil). Malonda ake amatchedwa dycostrate.
9. Zamagetsi waikapo photoresist
Ndi njira yatsopano yomangira “photoresist”. Poyamba idagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati “kujambula kwamagetsi” kwa zinthu zachitsulo zokhala ndi mawonekedwe ovuta. Zangotchulidwa kumene kugwiritsa ntchito “photoresist”. Dongosololi limagwiritsa ntchito njira yamagetsi yosanjikiza kuti izivala mofanana ma colloidal particles a utoto wonyezimira wokwera pamtunda wamkuwa wa bolodi ngati anti etching inhibitor. Pakadali pano, yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pakupanga makina azitsulo zamkuwa. Mtundu wa ED photoresist ukhoza kuyikidwa pa anode kapena cathode malingana ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zogwirira ntchito, zomwe zimatchedwa “anode mtundu wamagetsi ojambula zithunzi” komanso “mtundu wamagetsi wamagetsi wojambula”. Malinga ndi mfundo zosiyanasiyana zowonera, pali mitundu iwiri: kusachita bwino ndikugwira ntchito moyenera. Pakadali pano, wojambula zithunzi wosagwira ntchito wakhala akugulitsidwa, koma atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati wojambula zithunzi. Chifukwa ndizovuta kujambula m’mabowo, sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito posamutsa chithunzi chakunja. Ponena za “zabwino ed” zomwe zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chithunzi chojambulira mbale yakunja (chifukwa ndi kanema wowonongeka wowoneka bwino, ngakhale kuti chithunzi pakhoma la dzenje sichokwanira, sichimakhudza). Pakadali pano, makampani aku Japan akupitilizabe zoyesayesa zawo, akuyembekeza kuti apange malonda ochulukirapo, kuti apange mizere yopyapyala mosavuta. Mawuwa amatchedwanso “electrophoretic photoresist”.
10. Flush conductor yozungulira, yoyendetsa mosabisa
Ndi bolodi lapadera lomwe mawonekedwe ake ndi opyapyala ndipo mizere yonse yoyendetsa imakanikizidwa mundawo. Njira imodzi yosanja ndikutchera gawo la zojambulazo zamkuwa papulatifomu yochiritsidwa ndi njira yosamutsira zithunzi kuti mupeze dera. Kenako akanikizire bolodi pamwamba pa dera mu mbale yolimba yolimba munjira yotentha kwambiri komanso kuthamanga, ndipo nthawi yomweyo, kuumitsa kwa utomoni wa mbale kumatha kumaliza, kuti mukhale bolodi loyenda ndi mizere yonse yosunthika itabwereranso pamwamba. Kawirikawiri, chopyapyala mkuwa wosanjikiza umafunika kuzimitsidwa pang’ono pakazunguliridwe komwe bolodi labwezeretsedwako, kuti 0.3mil faifi tambala ina, 20 yaying’ono inchi rhodium wosanjikiza kapena 10 yaying’ono yaying’ono yaying’ono ya golide ingakhale yokutidwa, kuti kulumikizana kukana kumatha kutsika ndipo kumakhala kosavuta kutsetsereka mukamayenderana. Komabe, PTH sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m’njira iyi kuteteza kuti dzenje lisaphwanyidwe pakukanikiza, ndipo sizophweka kuti bolodi likwaniritse bwino, komanso silingagwiritsidwe ntchito kutentha kwambiri kuteteza mzere kuchotsedwa panja pambuyo pakukula kwa utomoni. Njira imeneyi amatchedwanso etch ndi Kankhani njira, ndi bolodi yomalizidwa amatchedwa chamadzi angongole bolodi, amene angagwiritsidwe ntchito pa zolinga zapadera monga makina lophimba ndi ojambula Kulumikizana.
11. Frit galasi frit
Kuphatikiza pa mankhwala amtengo wapatali achitsulo, ufa wamagalasi uyenera kuwonjezeredwa ku phala losindikiza la film (PTF), kuti izisewera pamakanema am’magulu otentha kwambiri, kotero kuti phala losindikiza pa gawo lopanda kanthu la ceramic akhoza kupanga dongosolo lolimba lazitsulo lazitsulo.
12.Zowonjezera zowonjezera
Imeneyi ndi njira yolimitsira maseketi osanjikiza pamipanda yolumikizidwa ndi magetsi (omwe ambiri mwa iwo ndi mankhwala amkuwa), omwe amatchedwa “njira yowonjezera yonse”. Mawu ena olakwika ndi “full electroless” njira.
13. Dera lophatikiza lophatikiza
Mtundu wamagwiritsidwewo umakhudzana ndi dera logwiritsira ntchito inki yachitsulo yofunika kwambiri pachitsulo chaching’ono chopyapyala posindikiza, ndikuwotcha zinthuzo mu inki kutentha kwambiri, kusiya woyendetsa wozungulira pambale, komanso kuwotcherera kopindika magawo amatha kuchitidwa. Mtundu wamagwiritsidwewo umakhudzana ndi chonyamulira chamagawo pakati pa bolodi losindikizira ndi cholumikizira chophatikizira cha semiconductor, chomwe ndi chaukadaulo wamafilimu. M’masiku oyambilira, idkagwiritsidwa ntchito pazankhondo kapena pafupipafupi. M’zaka zaposachedwa, chifukwa chokwera mtengo, gulu lankhondo lomwe likuchepa, komanso zovuta zopanga zokha, kuphatikiza kuwonjezeka kwa miniaturization ndikulondola kwa matabwa oyenda, kukula kwa haibridiyu ndikotsika kwambiri kuposa koyambirira.
14. Wotsogolera wolumikizira wolumikizira
Wotanthauzira amatanthauza zigawo ziwiri zilizonse zonyamula zomwe zimanyamulidwa zomwe zitha kulumikizidwa ndikuwonjezera zolowetsa pamalo oti zilumikizidwe. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mabowo opanda kanthu amitundu ingapo atadzazidwa ndi phala lasiliva kapena phala lamkuwa kuti alowe m’malo mwa khoma lazitsulo lamkuwa, kapena zinthu zina monga zomata zomata zosagundika, onsewo ndi amtundu wotere.