Chidziwitso cha kapangidwe kazipangizo za PCB

Mfundo zoyambira za kapangidwe ka PCB ndi izi: kukonzekera koyambirira -> kapangidwe ka PCB -> mawonekedwe a PCB -> kulumikizana -> kukhathamiritsa kwa waya ndi kusindikiza kwa silika -> maukonde ndi kuyendera kwa DRC ndikuwunika kapangidwe -> kupanga mbale.
Kukonzekera koyambirira.
Izi zikuphatikiza kukonzekera ma katalogs ndi ma schematics “Ngati mukufuna kuchita ntchito yabwino, muyenera kaye patsogolo zida zanu. “Kuti mupange bolodi labwino, simuyenera kungopanga mfundoyi, komanso kujambula bwino. Pamaso pa mapangidwe a PCB, choyamba konzekerani laibulale yamagawo a Sch ndi PCB. Laibulale yophatikizira ikhoza kukhala Protel (mbalame zambiri zamagetsi zakale zinali Protel panthawiyo), koma ndizovuta kupeza yoyenera. Ndi bwino kupanga laibulale yachigawoyo malinga ndi kukula kwa deta yomwe yasankhidwa. Mwakutero, pangani laibulale ya PCB poyamba, kenako laibulale ya sch. Laibulale yachigawo ya PCB ili ndi zofunikira zambiri, zomwe zimakhudza mwachindunji kukhazikitsa kwa bolodi; Zofunikira za library za SCH ndizotayirira. Ingoyang’anirani pofotokoza zomwe zimakhazikika pini ndi ubale womwewo ndi zida za PCB. PS: zindikirani zikhomo zobisika mulaibulale yanthawi zonse. Ndiye pali mapangidwe. Mukakonzeka, mwakonzeka kuyambitsa kapangidwe ka PCB.
Chachiwiri: kapangidwe ka PCB.
Pakadali pano, malinga ndi kukula kwa bolodi la dera ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana amakanema, jambulani mawonekedwe a PCB pamalo opangira ma PCB, ndikuyika zolumikizira zofunika, mafungulo / maswiti, mabowo opangira, mabowo amsonkhano, ndi zina zambiri malinga ndi kufunikira kwa malo. Ndipo ganizirani bwino ndikudziwitseni malo oyikirapo ndi opanda waya (monga kuchuluka kwa malo ozungulirako ndi a malo opanda waya).
Chachitatu: Makhalidwe a PCB.
Kapangidwe kake ndikuyika zida pa bolodi. Pakadali pano, ngati zokonzekera zonse zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa zatha, mutha kupanga tebulo lamanetiwe (Design -> pangani netlist) pazithunzi, kenako muthe kuitanitsa tebulo laukonde (Design -> Load net) pazithunzi za PCB. Mutha kuwona kuti zida zonse zadzikundikira, ndipo pali mawaya oyenda pakati pazikhomo kuti athandizire kulumikizana. Kenako mutha kuyika chipangizocho. Makonzedwe ake adzachitika malinga ndi mfundo izi:
Zon Magawo oyenera malinga ndi magwiridwe antchito amagetsi, omwe amagawika kwambiri m’malo: digito yoyendera dera (mwachitsanzo kuopa kusokonezedwa ndikupanga zosokoneza), dera lachigawo cha analog (kuopa kusokonezedwa) ndi dera loyendetsa magetsi (zosokoneza);
② Ma Circuits omwe amaliza ntchito yomweyo adzaikidwa pafupi momwe zingathere, ndipo zinthu zonse zidzasinthidwa kuti zithandizire kulumikizana; Nthawi yomweyo, sinthani malo apakati pazigawo zogwirira ntchito kuti mugwirizane pakati pazigawozo mwachidule;
③. pazinthu zopangidwa ndipamwamba kwambiri, kukhazikitsa ndi mphamvu yakukhazikitsa zilingaliridwa; Zida zotenthetsera zidzaikidwa padera ndi zinthu zotentha, ndipo njira zotenthetsera moto zidzaganiziridwa pakufunika;
I Woyendetsa I / O azikhala pafupi ndi m’mphepete mwa bolodi ndi cholumikizira chotuluka momwe angathere;
⑤ Wopanga mawotchi (monga oscillator wa crystal kapena oscillator wa wotchi) azikhala pafupi kwambiri ndi chipangizocho pogwiritsa ntchito wotchiyo;
Dec Chochotseka chosungunulira (kamodzi kamwala wamagetsi wokhala ndi magwiridwe antchito pafupipafupi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito) chidzawonjezedwa pakati pa pini yolowetsera yamagawo aliwonse ophatikizika ndi nthaka; Dera loyang’anira dera likakhala lolimba, tantalum capacitor imathanso kuwonjezeredwa kuzungulira ma circuits angapo ophatikizidwa.
⑦. diode yotulutsa (1N4148) idzawonjezeredwa pa coil yolandirana;
⑧ Makonzedwe ake azikhala oyenera, olimba komanso olongosoka, osakhala olemera kwambiri kapena olemera
“”
—— Chisamaliro chapadera chimafunikira
Mukayika zigawo zikuluzikulu, kukula kwenikweni (dera ndi kutalika) kwa zigawozo ndi mawonekedwe apakati pazipangizo ziyenera kuganiziridwa kuti zitsimikizire magwiridwe antchito amagetsi oyendetsa dera ndikotheka ndikupanga ndikupanga. Nthawi yomweyo, poganiza kuti mfundo zomwe zatchulidwazi zitha kuwonetsedwa, kusungidwa kwa zinthu ziyenera kusinthidwa moyenera kuti zizikhala zaudongo komanso zokongola. Zida zofanana ziyenera kuikidwa moyenera Munjira yomweyo, sizingathe “kumwazikana”.
Gawo ili likugwirizana ndi chithunzi chonse cha bolodi komanso kuvuta kwa zingwe mu gawo lotsatira, chifukwa chake tiyenera kuyesetsa kuti tizilingalire. Pakukonzekera, zingwe zoyambirira zimatha kupangidwira malo osatsimikizika ndikuwunikiridwa bwino.
Chachinayi: kulumikiza.
Kulumikizana ndichinthu chofunikira pakupanga kwa PCB konse. Izi zidzakhudza mwachindunji magwiridwe antchito a PCB. M’kati mwa kapangidwe ka PCB, zingwe zimagawika m’magulu atatu: yoyamba ndikulumikiza, chomwe ndichofunikira kwambiri pakupanga kwa PCB. Ngati mizereyo siyalumikizidwa ndipo pali mzere wouluka, ikhala board yosayenerera. Titha kunena kuti sichinayambitsidwebe. Chachiwiri ndichokhutira ndi magwiridwe antchito amagetsi. Uwu ndiye muyezo woyesa ngati bolodi losindikizidwa lili loyenerera. Izi ndikuti musinthe mawaya mosamala mukamaliza kulumikizana ndi magetsi. Ndiye pali kukongola. Ngati zingwe zanu zili zolumikizidwa, palibe malo oti zingakhudze momwe magetsi amagwiritsidwira ntchito, koma poyang’ana, ndizosokonekera kale, zophatikizika ndi zokongola komanso zokongola, ngakhale magwiridwe antchito anu abwino, akadali chidutswa cha zinyalala pamaso pa ena. Izi zimabweretsa zovuta pakuyesa ndi kukonza. Kulumikizana kuyenera kukhala koyenera komanso yunifolomu, osati pamtanda komanso mopanda dongosolo. Izi zikuyenera kukwaniritsidwa pokhapokha ngati zitsimikizika kuti magetsi akugwira ntchito ndikwaniritsa zofunikira zina, apo ayi ndiye kuti kusiya zoyambira. Mfundo zotsatirazi ziyenera kutsatidwa mukamalumikizana:
Ally Nthawi zambiri, chingwe chamagetsi ndi waya wapansi zimayenera kulumikizidwa kaye koyamba kuti zitsimikizire magwiridwe antchito a bolodi la dera. Pakati pamtundu wololeza, kuchuluka kwa magetsi ndi waya wapansi kumakulitsidwa momwe zingathere. Ndikofunika kuti waya wapansi ndikulimba kuposa mulifupi wazingwe. Ubale wawo ndi: waya wapansi> mzere wamagetsi> mzere wazizindikiro. Nthawi zambiri, mzere wazizindikiro walifupi ndi 0.2 ~ 0.3mm, m’lifupi mwake mutha kufikira 0.05 ~ 0.07mm, ndipo mzere wamagetsi nthawi zambiri umakhala 1.2 ~ 2.5mm. Kwa PCB yoyendetsa digito, zingwe zazitali zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga dera, ndiye kuti, kupanga netiweki yapansi (nthaka yoyendera analogi singagwiritsidwe ntchito motere)
Ma waya okhala ndi zofunikira kwambiri (monga mizere yamafupipafupi) adzalumikizidwa mawaya pasadakhale, ndipo mizere yakumapeto kwa zolowetsera ndi zotulukapo zimapewa kufanana moyandikana kuti zisasokonezeke. Ngati ndi kotheka, waya wapansi adzawonjezeredwa kuti adzipatule. Kulumikizana kwa zigawo ziwiri zoyandikana kudzakhala kofananira kwa wina ndi mnzake komanso kufanana, komwe kuli kosavuta kupanga kulumikizana kwa majeremusi.
Shell Chigoba cha oscillator chizikhala pansi, ndipo chingwe cha wotchi chizikhala chachifupi momwe zingathere, ndipo sichikhala paliponse. Pansi pa mawonekedwe osunthika a mawotchi ndi madera othamanga othamanga kwambiri, dera ladziko lapansi liyenera kukulitsidwa, ndipo mizere ina yoyendera sayenera kutengedwa kuti ipangitse gawo lamagetsi loyandikira pafupi;
W Kulumikizana kwa zingwe za 45o kudzagwiritsidwa ntchito momwe zingathere, ndipo zingwe za 90o zosagwiritsidwa ntchito sizigwiritsidwa ntchito pochepetsa cheza cha frequency frequency (Double arc idzagwiritsidwanso ntchito pamizere yokhala ndi zofunikira kwambiri)
⑤ Palibe mzere wazizindikiro womwe ungapange kuzungulira. Ngati ndizosapeweka, kuzungulira kudzakhala kocheperako momwe zingathere; Ma vias azizindikiro azikhala ochepa momwe angathere;
⑥ Mizere yayikulu ikhala yayifupi komanso yayikulu momwe mungathere, ndipo malo otetezera awonjezeredwa mbali zonse ziwiri.
⑦ Mukamatumiza mawayilesi obisika komanso phokoso lamagulu amtundu wapanyanja kudzera pa chingwe chofewa, azitsogoleredwa kunja kwa “waya wapa waya wakunja”.
Points Malo oyeserera azisungidwira zizindikilo zofunikira kuti zithandizire pakupanga, kukonza ndi kuzindikira
⑨. ukamaliza kulumikiza mwatsatanetsatane, zingwezo zidzakonzedwa; Nthawi yomweyo, kuyendera koyambirira kwa netiweki ndikuwunika kwa DRC kuli kolondola, lembani malo opanda waya ndi waya wapansi, gwiritsani ntchito gawo lalikulu lamkuwa ngati waya wapansi, ndikulumikiza malo osagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi nthaka papepala waya wapansi. Kapenanso itha kupangidwa kukhala bolodi yama multilayer, ndipo magetsi ndi waya wapansi zimatenga chipinda chimodzi motsatana.
– Zofunikira pakukweza zingwe za PCB
①. mzere
Nthawi zambiri, mzere wazizindikiro wazizindikiro ndi 0.3mm (12mil), ndipo chingwe champhamvu m’lifupi ndi 0.77mm (30mil) kapena 1.27mm (50mil); Mtunda pakati pa mizere ndi pakati pa mizere ndi ziyangoyango ndiwokulirapo kuposa kapena wofanana ndi 0.33mm (13mil). Pogwiritsa ntchito, ngati zikhalidwe zilola, onjezani mtunda;
Makulidwe akachulukidwe, akhoza kuganiziridwa (koma osavomerezeka) kugwiritsa ntchito mawaya awiri pakati pa zikhomo za IC. Kutalika kwa mawaya ndi 0.254mm (10mil), ndipo kutalika kwa waya sikuli kochepera 0.254mm (10mil). Pazifukwa zapadera, zikhomo za chipangizocho ndizowonjezera ndipo m’lifupi mwake ndi chopapatiza, mzere wa mzere ndi utali wa mzere ukhoza kuchepetsedwa moyenera.
②. pad
Zomwe zimafunikira pad ndi kudzera motere ndi izi: m’mimba mwake mumakhala waukulu kuposa 0.6mm kuposa dzenje; Mwachitsanzo, pazitsulo zamagetsi, ma capacitors ndi ma circuits ophatikizika, kukula kwa disk / dzenje ndi 1.6mm / 0.8mm (63mil / 32mil), ndipo socket, pini ndi diode 1N4007 ndi 1.8mm / 1.0mm (71mil / 39mil). Pogwiritsira ntchito, ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa molingana ndi kukula kwa zinthu zenizeni. Ngati ndi kotheka, kukula kwa padyo kumatha kukwezedwa moyenera;
Chowonjezera chokwera chomwe chidapangidwa pa PCB chizikhala chachikulu pafupifupi 0.2 ~ 0.4mm kuposa kukula kwenikweni kwa pini.
③. kudzera
Nthawi zambiri 1.27mm / 0.7mm (50mil / 28mil);
Makulidwe a waya akakula, kukula kwake kumatha kuchepetsedwa moyenera, koma sikuyenera kukhala kocheperako. 1.0mm / 0.6mm (40mil / 24mil) angaganiziridwe.
④. Kusiyana kwa pad, waya komanso kudzera
Kodi ≥ 0.3mm (12mil)
Kodi ≥ 0.3mm (12mil)
Kodi ≥ 0.3mm (12mil)
Malawi ≥ 0.3mm (12mil)
Kuchuluka kwake kukakhala kwakukulu:
Kodi ≥ 0.254mm (10mil)
Kodi ≥ 0.254mm (10mil)
Kodi ≥ ndi? 0.254mm (10mil)
Malawi ≥? 0.254mm (10mil)
Chachisanu: kukhathamiritsa kwa zingwe ndi makina osindikiza a silika.
“Palibe chabwino, ndibwino chabe”! Ngakhale mutayesetsa kupanga mapangidwe otani, mukamaliza kujambula, mudzaonabe kuti malo ambiri amatha kusinthidwa. Zomwe zimapangidwira ndikuti nthawi yokwaniritsira zingwezo ndiyambiri kuposa yolumikizira koyambirira. Mukawona kuti palibe choti musinthe, mutha kuyika mkuwa (malo -> ndege ya polygon). Mkuwa nthawi zambiri amaikidwa ndi waya wapansi (samalani kupatukana kwa nthaka ya analog ndi nthaka ya digito), ndipo magetsi amathanso kuyikidwa poyala matabwa angapo. Pazosindikiza pazenera za silika, samalani kuti musatsekedwe ndi zida kapena kuchotsedwa ndi vias ndi ma pads. Nthawi yomweyo, kapangidwe kameneka kayenera kuyang’anizana ndi chinthucho, ndipo mawu omwe ali pansiwo akuyenera kuwonetsedwa kuti asasokoneze wosanjikiza.
Chachisanu ndi chimodzi: kuyang’anira maukonde ndi DRC ndikuwunika kapangidwe kake.
Choyamba, poganiza kuti kapangidwe kazinthuzo ndi kolondola, yang’anani ubale wolumikizana pakati pa fayilo ya ma netiweki a PCB ndi fayilo yolumikizira maukonde, ndikuwongolera mapangidwe ake munthawi yake kuti muwonetsetse kulumikizana kwa ulusi ;
Pambuyo cheke maukonde wadutsa molondola, DRC onani kapangidwe PCB, ndi kukonza kapangidwe mu nthawi malinga ndi zotsatira linanena bungwe file kuonetsetsa ntchito magetsi a PCB Kulumikizana. Makina okhazikitsa mawonekedwe a PCB adzawunikidwanso ndikutsimikiziridwa pambuyo pake.
Chachisanu ndi chiwiri: kupanga mbale.
Izi zisanachitike, payenera kukhala njira zowunikira.
Kupanga kwa PCB ndi mayeso a malingaliro. Aliyense amene ali ndi malingaliro olimba komanso luso lakutsogolo, bolodi lomwe adapangira ndi labwino. Chifukwa chake, tiyenera kukhala osamala kwambiri pakupanga, kulingalira mokwanira pazinthu zosiyanasiyana (mwachitsanzo, anthu ambiri samaganiza zakukonza ndikuwunika), pitilizani kusintha, ndipo tidzatha kupanga bolodi labwino.