Makonzedwe azolumikizira pakati pazosindikizidwa zama board board

(1) Maseketi opingasa saloledwa m’maseketi osindikizidwa. Pa mizere yomwe ingadutse, njira ziwiri za “kuboola” ndi “kumulowetsa” zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuzithetsa. Ndiye kuti, lolani “kubowola” kutsogola kumapazi a ma resistor ena, ma capacitors ndi ma triode, kapena “mphepo” kudzera mbali imodzi ya lead yomwe ingadutse. M’madera ena, dera limakhala lovuta kwambiri. Pofuna kusintha kapangidwe kake, amaloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito jumper ya waya kuti athetse vuto la mtanda.

(2) Ma resistor, ma diode, ma tubular capacitors ndi zinthu zina zimatha kukhazikitsidwa mwa “ofukula” komanso “opingasa”. Ofukula amatanthawuza kukhazikitsa ndi kuwotcherera kwa gawo lopangika mozungulira ku board board, yomwe ili ndi mwayi wopulumutsa malo. Cham’mbali kumatanthawuza kukhazikitsa ndi kuwotcherera kwa gawo lofananira lofananira komanso pafupi ndi board board, yomwe ili ndi mwayi wamagetsi abwino. Pazigawo ziwirizi zakukhazikika, mabowo omwe anali pakati pa bolodi losindikizidwa ndi osiyana.

(3) Malo oyika dera omwewo azikhala pafupi kwambiri, ndipo fyuluta yamphamvu yamagetsi yoyenda pakadali pano iyeneranso yolumikizidwa ndi maziko a mulingo uwu. Makamaka, malo oyambira maziko ndi zotulutsa za transistor pamlingo womwewo sizingakhale patali kwambiri, apo ayi kulowererapo ndi kudzikongoletsa kudzachitika chifukwa chazithunzi zazitali kwambiri zamkuwa pakati pazigawo ziwiri. Dera lomwe lili ndi “njira imodzi yokhazikitsira maziko” imagwira ntchito molimbika ndipo sikovuta kukondoweza.

(4) Chingwe chachikulu pansi chimayenera kulinganizidwa molingana ndi mfundo za pafupipafupi, pafupipafupi komanso pafupipafupi motsata dongosolo lazofooka mpaka pano. Sikuloledwa kutembenukira mobwerezabwereza. Ndikofunika kukhala ndi kulumikizana kwakutali pakati pamagawo, komanso kutsatira malamulowa. Makamaka, ma waya oyikira pansi amafunikira mutu wosinthasintha pafupipafupi, mutu wokonzanso komanso mutu wamafupipafupi ndi okhwima kwambiri. Ngati ndi yosayenera, imatulutsa chisangalalo chokha ndikulephera kugwira ntchito.

Maseketi othamanga kwambiri monga mutu wamafupipafupi nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito tchire lalikulu lozungulira waya kuti awonetsetse kutetezedwa.

(5) Zotsogola zamphamvu zamtsogolo (waya wamba, mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi, ndi zina zambiri) zidzakhala zotheka kwambiri kuti muchepetse kulumikizana kwa waya ndi kugwetsa kwamagetsi, ndikuchepetsa kukondweretsedwa koyambitsidwa ndi kulumikizana kwa majeremusi.

(6) Kuyenda ndi ma impedance okwera kwambiri kudzakhala kwakanthawi kochepa momwe zingathere, ndipo mayendedwe okhala ndi impedance yotsika akhoza kukhala otalikirapo, chifukwa kuyendetsa mothamanga kwambiri ndikosavuta kuyimba likhweru ndikutenga zizindikiritso, zomwe zimapangitsa kusakhazikika kwadongosolo. Chingwe chamagetsi, waya wapansi, mzere wosanjika wopanda mayankho, mayankho a emitter, ndi ena onse ndi mizere yotsika yamagetsi. Mzere wotsatira wa emitter ndi waya wapansi wamayendedwe awiri amawu ojambulira akuyenera kulekanitsidwa mzere umodzi mpaka kumapeto. Ngati zingwe ziwiri zapansi zimalumikizidwa, crosstalk ndiyosavuta kuchitika, kuchepetsa kupatukana.