In PCB dhizaini, wiring inhanho yakakosha yekupedzisa chigadzirwa dhizaini. Zvinogona kutaurwa kuti gadziriro yapfuura inoitwa nokuda kwayo. MuPCB yese, iyo wiring dhizaini ine muganho wepamusoro, hunyanzvi hwepamusoro, uye basa rakakura kwazvo. PCB wiring inosanganisira single-sided wiring, kaviri-sided wiring uye multilayer wiring. Kune zvakare nzira mbiri dzewaya: otomatiki wiring uye inopindirana wiring. Usati waita otomatiki wiring, unogona kushandisa inopindirana ku pre-waya iyo inonyanya kudiwa mitsara. Mipendero yemagumo ekuisa uye iyo inobuda inopera inofanira kudzivirirwa padyo neparallel kudzivirira kukanganisa kwekuratidzira. Kana zvichidikanwa, tambo yepasi inofanira kuwedzerwa kuti igadzikane, uye wiring yezvikamu zviviri zvakatarisana inofanira kuva perpendicular kune imwe neimwe. Parasitic coupling iri nyore kuitika mukufanana.

Kurongeka kweiyo otomatiki routing kunotsamira pane yakanaka marongerwo. The routing mitemo inogona preset, kusanganisira nhamba yokukotama nguva, nhamba vias, uye nhamba nhanho. Kazhinji, ongorora warp wiring kutanga, kurumidza kubatanidza waya pfupi, uye wozoita labyrinth wiring. Kutanga, iyo wiring ichaiswa inogadziridzwa nzira yepasi rose wiring. Inogona kubvisa waya dzakaiswa sezvinodiwa. Uye edza kudzoreredza waya kuti uvandudze iyo yakazara mhedzisiro.

Ikozvino yakakwira-density PCB dhizaini yakanzwa kuti iyo kuburikidza-gomba haina kukodzera, uye inorasa yakawanda yakakosha nzira dzewaya. Kuti ugadzirise kupokana uku, mapofu uye akavigwa gomba matekinoroji akabuda, ayo asingangozadzise basa rekuburikidza-gomba Inochengetedzawo nzira dzakawanda dzewaya kuita kuti wiring iite nyore, yakapfava, uye yakazara. Iyo PCB bhodhi dhizaini maitiro inonetsa uye yakapusa maitiro. Kuti uzvigone zvakanaka, yakakura yemagetsi engineering dhizaini inodiwa. Chete kana vashandi vakazvionera voga ndipo pavanogona kuwana zvazvinoreva.

1 Kurapa kwekupa simba uye pasi waya

Kunyange kana iyo wiring muPCB bhodhi yose yakapedzwa zvakanaka kwazvo, kupindira kunokonzerwa nekufungisisa kusina kunaka kwemagetsi uye tambo yepasi kunoderedza kushanda kwechigadzirwa, uye dzimwe nguva kunyange kukanganisa kubudirira kwechigadzirwa. Nokudaro, kusungirirwa kwetambo dzemagetsi uye pasi kunofanira kutorwa zvakanyanyisa, uye kupindira kweruzha kunokonzerwa nemagetsi emagetsi uye pasi kunofanira kuderedzwa kuti kuve nechokwadi chehutano hwechigadzirwa.

Wese mainjiniya ari kuita dhizaini yezvigadzirwa zvemagetsi anonzwisisa chikonzero cheruzha pakati pewaya yepasi uye waya yemagetsi, uye ikozvino chete kuderedzwa kweruzha kunotsanangurwa:

(1) Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuwedzera decoupling capacitor pakati pemagetsi uye pasi.

(2) Wedzera hupamhi hwesimba uye waya dzepasi zvakanyanya sezvinobvira, zviri nani waya yepasi yakafara kupfuura waya yemagetsi, hukama hwavo ndeiyi: waya yepasi> waya yemagetsi> chiratidzo chewaya, kazhinji chiratidzo chewaya hupamhi ndeiyi: 0.2～ 0.3mm, yakanyanya Iyo yakatetepa hupamhi inogona kusvika 0.05 ~ 0.07mm, uye tambo yemagetsi ndeye 1.2 ~ 2.5 mm.

Kune PCB yedunhu redhijitari, waya yakafara yepasi inogona kushandiswa kugadzira loop, ndiko kuti, kugadzira mambure epasi ekushandisa (pasi redunhu reanalog harigone kushandiswa nenzira iyi)

(3) Shandisa nzvimbo yakakura yemhangura setambo yepasi, uye batanidza nzvimbo dzisina kushandiswa pabhodhi redunhu rakadhindwa pasi sewaya yepasi. Kana kuti inogona kugadzirwa kuita multilayer board, uye magetsi uye waya dzepasi dzinotora imwe layer imwe neimwe.

2 Yakajairwa pasi kugadzirisa yedhijitari redunhu uye analog wedunhu

MaPCB mazhinji haachisiri ega-basa maseketi (dhijitari kana analogi maseketi), asi anoumbwa nemusanganiswa wedhijitari uye analog maseketi. Nokudaro, zvakakosha kufunga nezvekupindirana pakati pavo kana wiring, kunyanya kupindira kweruzha patambo yepasi.

Iyo yakawanda yedhijitari yedhijitari yakakwira, uye kunzwisiswa kweanalog dunhu kwakasimba. Kune mutsara wechiratidzo, iyo yakakwira-frequency siginecha mutsara unofanirwa kunge uri kure sezvinobvira kubva kune inonzwisa analog yedunhu mudziyo. Kune iyo mutsara wepasi, iyo PCB yese ine node imwe chete kune yekunze, saka Dambudziko redhijitari neanarogi zvakajairika rinofanira kubatwa mukati mePCB, uye iyo yedhijitari pasi uye analogi pasi mukati mebhodhi zvakapatsanurwa chaizvo uye ivo vari. isina kubatana kune mumwe nemumwe, asi pane iyo interface (yakadai semapulagi, nezvimwewo) inobatanidza PCB kune kunze kwenyika. Pane hukama hupfupi pakati pedhijitari pasi uye iyo analog pasi. Ndapota cherechedza kuti pane imwe nzvimbo yekubatanidza. Kune zvakare zvisiri-zvakajairika zvikonzero paPCB, iyo inotemerwa nehurongwa hwekugadzira.

3 Mutsetse wechiratidzo wakaiswa pamagetsi (pasi) layer

Mu-multi-layer yakadhindwa bhodhi wiring, nokuti hapana waya dzakawanda dzakasara mumutsara wechiratidzo chemutsara usina kuiswa kunze, kuwedzera mamwe mapeji kunokonzera tsvina uye kuwedzera basa rekugadzira, uye mutengo uchawedzera maererano. Kuti ugadzirise kupokana uku, unogona kufunga nezve wiring pamagetsi (pasi) layer. Iyo tambo yesimba inofanirwa kutariswa kutanga, uye pasi pechipiri. Nokuti zvakanakisisa kuchengetedza kuvimbika kwekuumbwa.

4 Kurapa kwekubatanidza makumbo munzvimbo huru conductors

Munzvimbo huru yepasi (magetsi), makumbo ezvikamu zvakajairika akabatanidzwa kwairi. Kurapa kwemakumbo ekubatanidza kunoda kuongororwa zvakakwana. Mukutaura kwekushanda kwemagetsi, zviri nani kubatanidza mapedhi echikamu chemakumbo kune mhangura yemhangura. Kune dzimwe njodzi dzisingadiwe dzakavanzwa muwelding uye kusangana kwezvikamu, senge: ① Welding inoda maheater ane simba guru. ②Zviri nyore kukonzera chaiwo solder majoini. Naizvozvo, zvese zvemagetsi kuita uye zvinodiwa pakuita zvinogadzirwa kuita muchinjika-pattered pads, anonzi heat shields, anowanzozivikanwa se thermal pads (Thermal), kuitira kuti majoini anotengeswa anogona kugadzirwa nekuda kwekunyanya kupisa-chikamu kupisa panguva yekutengesa. Bonde rakaderedzwa zvakanyanya. Kugadziriswa kwesimba (pasi) gumbo re multilayer board rakafanana.

5 Basa reiyo network system mune cabling

Mune akawanda maCAD masisitimu, wiring inotemwa netiweki system. Iyo grid yakanyanyisa uye nzira yakawedzera, asi danho rakanyanya kudiki, uye huwandu hwe data mumunda hwakakurisa. Izvi zvichave zvisingadzivisiki zvine zvakakwirira zvinodiwa zvekuchengetedza nzvimbo yechigadzirwa, uye zvakare kumhanya kwekombuta yekombuta-yakavakirwa zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi. Pesvedzero huru. Mamwe makwara haashandi, seaya anogarwa nemapedhi echikamu chemakumbo kana nemaburi ekukwira nemakomba akaiswa. Magetsi mashoma uye mashoma machaneru ane simba guru pachiyero chekugovera. Naizvozvo, panofanirwa kuve neyakaganhurwa uye inonzwisisika grid system kutsigira wiring.

Chinhambwe chiri pakati pemakumbo ezvimiro zvakajairwa i0.1 inches (2.54mm), saka hwaro hwegridi system inogaroiswa kuita 0.1 inches (2.54 mm) kana kuti yakawanda yakawanda isingasviki 0.1 inches, senge: 0.05 inches, 0.025 inches, 0.02 inches nezvimwe.

6 Dhizaini Rule Tarisa (DRC)

Mushure mekugadzira wiring yapedzwa, zvakakosha kunyatsoongorora kana iyo wiring dhizaini inosangana nemitemo yakatarwa nemugadziri, uye panguva imwecheteyo, zvinodikanwa kusimbisa kana iyo mitemo inotarwa inosangana nezvinodiwa zveyakadhindwa bhodhi yekugadzira nzira. Iyo general inspection ine zvinhu zvinotevera:

(1) Kunyangwe chinhambwe chiri pakati pemutsara nemutsetse, mutsetse uye chikamu padhi, mutsetse uye kuburikidza negomba, chikamu padhi uye kuburikidza negomba, kuburikidza negomba uye kuburikidza negomba zvine musoro, uye kuti inosangana nezvinodiwa zvekugadzira.

(2) Kufara kwetambo yemagetsi uye tambo yepasi zvakakodzera here? Iyo magetsi uye tambo yepasi yakanyatsobatanidzwa (yakaderera wave impedance)? Pane chero nzvimbo muPCB umo waya yepasi inogona kuwedzerwa?

(3) Kunyangwe matanho akanakisa akatorwa kune akakosha masaini mitsara, senge ipfupi kureba, mutsara wekudzivirira unowedzerwa, uye mutsara wekupinza uye mutsara wekubuda zvakapatsanurwa zvakajeka.

(4) Kungave kune akaparadzana pasi waya dzeanalogi sedunhu uye dijitari redunhu.

(5) Kunyangwe magiraidhi (akadai sezvidhori uye zvirevo) akawedzerwa kuPCB achakonzera chiratidzo chipfupi chedunhu.

(6) Shandura mamwe maumbirwo asingadikanwi emutsetse.

(7) Pane mutsetse wekuita paPCB? Kunyangwe iyo solder mask inosangana nezvinodiwa zvekugadzira maitiro, ingave solder mask size yakakodzera, uye kana iyo logo yemhando yakatsikirirwa padhidhi yemudziyo, kuti isakanganisa kunaka kwemidziyo yemagetsi.

(8) Kunyangwe iyo yekunze furemu mupendero wesimba repasi pasi mubhodhi remultilayer rakaderedzwa, senge foil yemhangura yesimba repasi pasi rakaburitswa kunze kwebhodhi, izvo zvinogona kukonzera pfupi pfupi.