Hunhu hwe soldering hune simba guru pahutano hwese hwe PCB. Kuburikidza nekutengesa, zvikamu zvakasiyana zvePCB zvakabatana kune zvimwe zvikamu zvemagetsi kuita kuti PCB ishande nemazvo uye kuzadzisa chinangwa chayo. Kana vashandi veindasitiri vachiongorora mhando yezvigadzirwa zvemagetsi nemidziyo, chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kuzivikanwa mukuongororwa ndiko kugona kutengesa.

Kutaura chokwadi, welding iri nyore. Asi izvi zvinoda kudzidzira kugona. Sokutaura kunoita chirevo, “kudzidzira kunogona kuva kwakakwana.” Kunyange novice anogona kugadzira inoshanda solder. Asi kune hupenyu hwese uye basa remidziyo, yakachena uye yehunyanzvi welding basa rinofanirwa.

Mugwaro iri, tinosimbisa mamwe ematambudziko akajairika anogona kuitika panguva yekugadzira welding. Kana iwe uchida kuziva zvakawanda nezvekuti imarii kuita solder yakakwana, iri ndiro gwara rako.

Chii chakakwana solder joint?

Zvakaoma kusanganisa marudzi ese emasoja majoini mutsanangudzo yakazara. Zvichienderana nemhando ye solder, PCB yakashandiswa kana zvikamu zvakabatana nePCB, iyo yakakodzera solder joint inogona kuchinja zvakanyanya. Zvakadaro, akawanda akakwana solder majoini achine:

Kunyatsonyorova

Yakapfava uye inopenya pamusoro

Neat recessed makona

Kuti uwane akakodzera majoini ekutengesa, angave ari SMD solder majoini kana kuburikidza-gomba solder majoini, yakafanira solder inofanira kushandiswa, uye yakakodzera solder iron tip inofanirwa kudziyiswa kusvika pakudziya kwayo uye gadzirira kubata PCB. Yakabviswa oxide layer.

Aya anotevera ndiwo matambudziko mapfumbamwe akajairika uye zvikanganiso zvinogona kuitika kana welding nevashandi vasina ruzivo:

1. Welding Bridge

PCBs uye zvemagetsi zvinoriumba zviri kuita diki uye diki, uye zvakaoma kushandura kutenderedza PCB, kunyanya kana uchiedza solder. Kana muromo wesimbi yaunoshandisa yakakurisa kuPCB, zambuko rekutengesa rakawandisa rinogona kuumbwa.

Soldering Bridge inoreva kana iyo soldering inobatanidza maviri kana anopfuura PCB majoini. Izvi zvine ngozi zvikuru. Kana ikasaonekwa, inogona kuita kuti bhodhi redunhu rive pfupi-inotenderera uye kupiswa. Ita shuwa yekugara uchishandisa saizi chaiyo soldering iron tip kudzivirira solder mabhiriji.

2. Yakawandisa solder

Novices uye vanotanga vanowanzoshandisa yakawandisa solder kana solder, uye mabhora makuru akaita sebubble solder anoumbwa pamajoini ekutengesa. Mukuwedzera kune izvo zvinoita sekukura kusinganzwisisike paPCB, kana iyo solder joint iri kushanda nemazvo, zvingava zvakaoma kuwana. Pane nzvimbo yakawanda yekukanganisa pasi pemabhora ekutengesa.

Nzira yakanakisisa ndeyokushandisa solder zvishoma uye kuwedzera solder kana zvichidiwa. Solder inofanira kuva yakachena sezvinobvira uye iine makona akanaka akarembera.

3. Cold musono

Kana kutonhora kwesimbi yesimbi yakaderera kudarika yakanyanya kupisa, kana nguva yekupisa yejojo ​​ye solder ipfupi, inotonhora solder joint ichaitika. Cold seams ine chitarisiko chakasvibira, chakashata, sehomwe. Mukuwedzera, vane hupenyu hupfupi uye kusavimbika kwakashata. Izvo zvakare zvakaoma kuongorora kana inotonhora solder majoini achaita zvakanaka pasi pemamiriro azvino kana kuderedza kushanda kwePCB.

4. Node yakatsva

Iyo yakatsva yejojo ​​ndiyo yakanyatsopesana neinotonhora. Zviripachena, iyo solder iron inoshanda pane tembiricha yakakwira kupfuura yakanyanya tembiricha, majoini ekutengesa anoburitsa PCB kune inopisa sosi kwenguva yakarebesa, kana kuchine dhizaini yeoxide paPCB, iyo inotadzisa iyo yakakwana kupisa kupisa. Nzvimbo yejojo ​​inopiswa. Kana iyo padhi yakasimudzwa pajoinhi, iyo PCB inogona kukuvara uye haigone kugadziriswa.

5. Tombstone

Paunenge uchiedza kubatanidza zvikamu zvemagetsi (zvakadai se transistors uye capacitors) kuPCB, matombo emakuva anowanzoonekwa. Kana mativi ose echikamu akanyatsobatanidzwa nemapadhi uye akatengeswa, chikamu chichave chakarurama.

Kutadza kusvika kune tembiricha inodiwa pakugadzira welding kunogona kukonzera kuti rimwe kana mamwe mativi asimuke, zvichikonzera kutaridzika seguva. Iyo tombstone inodonha ichakanganisa hupenyu hweanotengeswa majoini uye inogona kuve nemhedzisiro yakaipa pakupisa kwePCB.

Imwe yematambudziko anowanzo konzera kuti guva riputse panguva yekuyerera kwekutengesa kupisa kusina kuenzana muovheni reflow, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kunyorova kweiyo solder kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzePCB kune dzimwe nzvimbo. Iyo yega-yakagadzirwa reflow oven kazhinji ine dambudziko rekudziya kusina kuenzana. Naizvozvo, zvinokurudzirwa kuti utenge michina yehunyanzvi.

6. Kusakwana weti

Imwe yezvikanganiso zvakajairika zvakaitwa nevatangi vekutanga uye vatsva ndiko kushaikwa kwekunyorova kwemajoini e solder. Majoini emasoja asina kunyorova ane mashoma pane solder inodiwa kuti iwirirane pakati pePCB pads uye zvinhu zvemagetsi zvakabatana nePCB nekutengesa.

Kunyorova kunyorova kwekubata kunenge kudzikamisa kana kukanganisa kushanda kwemidziyo yemagetsi, kuvimbika uye hupenyu hwesevhisi huchave husina kunaka, uye hunogona kutokonzera dunhu pfupi, nekudaro kukuvadza zvakanyanya PCB. Iyi mamiriro ezvinhu anowanzoitika kana solder isina kukwana inoshandiswa mukugadzirisa.

7. Jump welding

Jump welding inogona kuitika mumaoko emuchina welding kana asina ruzivo welders. Zvinogona kuitika nekuda kwekushaikwa kwekutarisa kwemushandisi. Saizvozvo, zvisizvo configured michina anogona nyore kusvetuka solder majoini kana chikamu solder majoini.

Izvi zvinosiya dunhu rakavhurika uye rinodzima dzimwe nzvimbo kana iyo PCB yese. Tora nguva yako uye utarise majoini ese solder zvakanyatsonaka.

8. Pedhi inosimudzwa

Nekuda kwesimba rakawandisa kana kupisa kunoitwa paPCB panguva yekushambadzira, mapedhi ari pamajoini ekutengesa achasimuka. Iyo padhi ichasimudza kumusoro kwePCB, uye kune njodzi inogona kuitika yepfupi, iyo inogona kukuvadza bhodhi rose redunhu. Ita shuwa yekudzosera mapadhi paPCB usati watengesa zvikamu.

9. Webbing uye kuputika

Kana bhodhi redunhu rakasvibiswa nezvinosvibisa zvinokanganisa mashandiro ekutengesa kana nekuda kwekusakwana kwekushandisa flux, webbing uye spatter ichagadzirwa pabhodhi redunhu. Pamusoro pechitarisiko chakashata chePCB, webhupu uye kupfapfaidza zvakare injodzi huru-pfupi-yedunhu, inogona kukuvadza bhodhi redunhu.