1 Introduction

Yakadhindwa redunhu bhodhi (PCB) chiratidzo chekuvimbika chave chiri nyaya inopisa mumakore achangopfuura. Pave paine mishumo yakawanda yekutsvagisa mudzimba pamusoro pekuongororwa kwezvinhu zvinobata PCB chiratidzo chekuvimbika, asi chiratidzo chekurasikirwa bvunzo Nhanganyaya kune yazvino mamiriro etekinoroji haashoma.

Kunobva PCB yekufambisa mutsara wekurasikirwa kwechiratidzo kurasikirwa ndiko kurasikirwa kwekondukita uye kurasikirwa kwedielectric kwechinhu, uye zvakare inokanganiswa nezvinhu zvakaita semhangura foil kuramba, mhangura foil roughness, kurasikirwa nemwaranzi, impedance mismatch, uye crosstalk. Muchikamu chekugovera, zviratidzo zvekugamuchira zve copper clad laminate (CCL) vagadziri uye PCB vanotaura vagadziri vanoshandisa dielectric nguva dzose uye dielectric kurasikirwa; nepo zviratidzo pakati pePCB zvinoratidzira vagadziri uye materminals anowanzo shandisa impedance uye yekuisa kurasikirwa, sezvakaratidzwa muFigure 1.

Ongororo yeKufurira Zvinhu zveChiratidzo Kutendeseka kwePCB Yakadhindwa Circuit Board

Kune yakakwirira-kumhanya PCB dhizaini nekushandisa, nzira yekukurumidza uye zvinobudirira kuyera kurasikirwa kwechiratidzo chePCB kutapurirana mitsara kune kukosha kukuru pakugadzika kwePCB dhizaini paramita, simulation debugging, uye kutonga kwemaitiro ekugadzira.

2. Yazvino mamiriro ePCB yekuisa kurasikirwa yekuyedza tekinoroji

Iyo PCB chiratidzo chekurasikirwa kwekuyedza nzira dziri kushandiswa muindasitiri ikozvino dzakaiswa kubva kune zviridzwa zvinoshandiswa, uye dzinogona kukamurwa kuita mapoka maviri: zvichibva pane iyo nguva domain kana zvichienderana neiyo frequency domain. Iyo nguva domain yekuyedza chiridzwa iTime Domain Reflectometry (TDR) kana nguva domain transmission mita (TImeDomain Transmission, TDT); iyo frequency domain test chiridzwa iVector Network Analyzer (VNA). Mune iyo IPC-TM650 bvunzo yekutsanangurwa, nzira shanu dzekuyedza dzinokurudzirwa yePCB chiratidzo kurasikirwa kuyedzwa: frequency domain nzira, inoshanda bandwidth nzira, midzi pulse simba nzira, pfupi pulse propagation nzira, imwe-inopera TDR musiyano yekuisa kurasikirwa nzira.

2.1 Frequency domain method

Iyo Frequency Domain Method inonyanya kushandisa vector network analyzer kuyera iyo S-maparamita eiyo tambo yekutapurirana, inoverenga zvakananga kukosha kwekuisa kurasikirwa, uye yobva yashandisa kutsetseka kwakakodzera kweavhareji yekuisa kurasikirwa mune yakatarwa frequency renji (senge 1 GHz ~ 5 GHz) Edza kudarika / kukundikana kwebhodhi.

Musiyano mukuyerwa kwechokwadi cheiyo frequency domain nzira inonyanya kunobva kunzira yekuenzanisa. Zvinoenderana neakasiyana nzira dzekugadzirisa, inogona kupatsanurwa kuita SLOT (Short-Line-Open-Thru), MulTI-Line TRL (Thru-Reflect-Line) uye Ecal (Electronic calibraTIon) yemagetsi calibration nzira.

SLOT inowanzoonekwa seyakajairwa calibration nzira [5]. Iyo calibration modhi ine 12 kukanganisa paramita. Iko kurongeka kweiyo nzira yeSLOT inotariswa nezvikamu zvekugadzirisa. Iyo yakakwirira-chaiyo calibration zvikamu zvinopihwa nevagadziri vemichina yekuyeresa, asi zvikamu zvekuyeresa zvinodhura, Uye kazhinji zvinongoenderana nekoaxial nharaunda, kuenzanisa kunotora nguva uye kunowedzera geometrically sezvo nhamba yekuyera materminal inowedzera.

Iyo MulTI-Line TRL nzira inonyanya kushandiswa kune isiri-coaxial calibration kuyerwa [6]. Maererano nemashoko emutsetse wekutumira anoshandiswa nemushandisi uye nguva yekuedza, zvikamu zveTRL calibration zvakagadzirirwa uye zvinobudiswa, sezvinoratidzwa mumufananidzo 2. Kunyange zvazvo Multi-Line TRL iri nyore kugadzira nekugadzira kupfuura SLOT, nguva yekuenzanisa Multi-Line TRL nzira inowedzerawo geometrically nekuwedzera kwenhamba yekuyera zviteshi.

Ongororo yeKufurira Zvinhu zveChiratidzo Kutendeseka kwePCB Yakadhindwa Circuit Board

Kuti ugadzirise dambudziko rekugadzirisa zvinotora nguva, vagadziri vemidziyo yekuyera vakaunza Ecal electronic calibration method [7]. Ecal chiyero chekufambisa. Kurongeka kwekuenzanisa kunonyanya kutsanangurwa nezvikamu zvekutanga zvekugadzirisa. Panguva imwecheteyo, kugadzikana kwetambo yekuyedza uye kudzokororwa kweiyo test fixture mudziyo inoedzwa. Iyo interpolation algorithm yekuita uye bvunzo frequency zvakare ine chekuita pakuyedzwa kwechokwadi. Kazhinji, shandisa iyo yemagetsi calibration kit kuenzanisa nzvimbo yereferensi kusvika kumagumo etambo yekuyedza, uye wobva washandisa nzira yekudzimisa kudzoreredza kureba kwetambo yechigadziriso. Sezvinoratidzwa Mufananidzo 3.

Ongororo yeKufurira Zvinhu zveChiratidzo Kutendeseka kwePCB Yakadhindwa Circuit Board

Kuti uwane kurasikirwa kwekuisa kweiyo mutsara wekutapurirana mutsara semuenzaniso, kuenzanisa kweiyo nzira nhatu dzekuenzanisa inoratidzwa muTafura 1.

2.2 Inoshanda bandwidth nzira

Effective Bandwidth (EBW) chiyero chemhando yekurasikirwa kwetambo yekurasikirwa α nenzira yakasimba. Iyo haigone kupa huwandu hwehuwandu hwekuisa kurasikirwa, asi inopa parameter inonzi EBW. Iyo inoshanda bandwidth nzira ndeyekutumira chiratidzo chenhanho ine yakatarwa nguva yekusimuka kumutsara wekutapurirana kuburikidza neTDR, kuyera iyo yakanyanya kutsetseka yekusimuka kwenguva mushure mekunge TDR chiridzwa neDUT zvabatanidzwa, uye kuona sechinhu chakarasika, muMV. /s. Kunyanya, Izvo zvazvinosarudzira ihama yekurasikirwa kwese, iyo inogona kushandiswa kuona shanduko mukurasikirwa kwemutsara wekutapurirana kubva kumusoro kuenda kumusoro kana dhiri kusvika kune layer [8]. Sezvo iyo yakanyanya kutsetseka inogona kuyerwa zvakananga kubva kune chiridzwa, iyo inoshanda bandwidth nzira inowanzoshandiswa pakuyedza kugadzirwa kwemazhinji emabhodhi edunhu akadhindwa. Iyo schematic dhizaini yeEBW bvunzo inoratidzwa muMufananidzo 4.

Ongororo yeKufurira Zvinhu zveChiratidzo Kutendeseka kwePCB Yakadhindwa Circuit Board

2.3 Root pulse simba nzira

Root ImPulse Energy (RIE) inowanzo shandisa TDR chiridzwa kuwana TDR waveforms yereferensi yekurasikirwa mutsara uye bvunzo yekufambisa tambo, uye wozoita chiratidzo chekugadzirisa pane TDR waveforms. Iyo RIE yekuyedza maitiro inoratidzwa muMufananidzo 5:

Ongororo yeKufurira Zvinhu zveChiratidzo Kutendeseka kwePCB Yakadhindwa Circuit Board

2.4 Short pulse propagation nzira

Iyo pfupi pulse propagation nzira (Short Pulse Propagation, inonzi SPP) bvunzo musimboti ndeyekuyera mitsara miviri yekutapurirana yehurefu hwakasiyana, senge 30 mm uye 100 mm, uye kubvisa parameter attenuation coefficient uye chikamu nekuyera mutsauko pakati pezviviri izvi. kureba kwetambo yekufambisa. Nguva dzose, sezvinoratidzwa mumufananidzo 6. Kushandisa nzira iyi kunogona kuderedza kukanganisa kwezvibatanidza, tambo, probes, uye oscilloscope yakarurama. Kana yakakwira-inoshanda TDR zviridzwa uye IFN (Impulse Forming Network) yakashandiswa, iyo frequency yekuyedza inogona kunge yakakwira se40 GHz.

2.5 Imwe-inogumira TDR musiyano yekuisa kurasikirwa nzira

Single-Ended TDR kune Differential Insertion Loss (SET2DIL) yakasiyana nekusiyanisa kuisa kurasikirwa bvunzo uchishandisa 4-chiteshi VNA. Iyi nzira inoshandisa maviri-port TDR chiridzwa kuendesa iyo TDR nhanho mhinduro kumutsara wekusiyanisa mutsara , Kupera kwemutsara wekusiyanisa mutsara unopfupikiswa, sezvakaratidzwa muMufananidzo 7. Iyo yakajairika kuyerwa kwehuwandu hwehuwandu hweSET2DIL nzira ndeye 2 GHz ~ 12 GHz, uye kuyerwa kwechiyero kunonyanya kukanganiswa nekunonoka kunonoka kwetambo yekuyedza uye kusawirirana kweiyo impedance yeDUT. Kubatsira kweSET2DIL nzira ndeyokuti hapana chikonzero chekushandisa inodhura 4-port VNA uye zvikamu zvayo zvekugadzirisa. Kureba kwemutsara wekutumira wechikamu chakaedzwa ingori hafu yenzira yeVNA. Chikamu chekuenzanisa chine chimiro chakareruka uye nguva yekuenzanisa inoderedzwa zvakanyanya. Yakanyatsokodzera PCB kugadzira. Batch test, sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo 8.

Ongororo yeKufurira Zvinhu zveChiratidzo Kutendeseka kwePCB Yakadhindwa Circuit Board

3 Midziyo yekuyedza uye mhinduro dzebvunzo

SET2DIL test board, SPP test board uye Multi-Line TRL test board yakagadzirwa uchishandisa CCL ine dielectric constant ye3.8, dielectric loss ye0.008, uye RTF copper foil; bvunzo midziyo yaive DSA8300 sampling oscilloscope uye E5071C vector network analyzer; kusiyanisa kuisa kurasikirwa kwenzira yega yega Mhedzisiro yebvunzo inoratidzwa muTafura 2.

Ongororo yeKufurira Zvinhu zveChiratidzo Kutendeseka kwePCB Yakadhindwa Circuit Board

4 Mhedziso

Ichi chinyorwa chinonyanya kuunza akati wandei PCB yekufambisa mitsara yekurasikirwa yekuyera nzira dziri kushandiswa muindasitiri. Nekuda kweiyo nzira dzakasiyana dzekuyedza dzinoshandiswa, kuyerwa kwekuisa kurasikirwa kukosha kwakasiyana, uye mhedzisiro yebvunzo haigone kuenzaniswa yakatwasuka. Naizvozvo, iyo yakakodzera chiratidzo yekurasikirwa bvunzo tekinoroji inofanirwa kusarudzwa zvinoenderana nemabhenefiti uye zvisingakwanisi nzira dzakasiyana dzehunyanzvi, uye dzakasanganiswa nezvavanoda.