Yakadhindwa redunhu bhodhi ndiye mupi wekubatanidza magetsi kune zvikamu zvemagetsi. Kubudirira kwayo kune nhoroondo yemakore anopfuura 100; magadzirirwo ayo ari kunyanya marongerwo dhizaini; Kubatsira kukuru kwekushandisa mapuranga edunhu kudzikisa zvakanyanya zvikanganiso zve wiring uye gungano, uye kuvandudza mwero we automation uye kugadzirwa kwehuwandu hwebasa. Zvinoenderana nenhamba yemapuranga edunhu, inogona kukamurwa kuita mapuranga emativi maviri, maviri-mativi mapuranga, mana-layer mapuranga, matanhatu-layer mapuranga uye mamwe akawanda-multilayer circuit board.

Sezvo rakadhindwa redunhu bhodhi risiri general terminal chigadzirwa, tsananguro yezita iri kuvhiringa zvishoma. Semuenzaniso, iyo motherboard yemakomputa ega inonzi main board, uye haigone kunzi zvakananga bhodhi redunhu. Kunyangwe paine mabhodhi edunhu mubhodhi reamai, Iwo haana kufanana, saka kana uchiongorora indasitiri, iwo maviri ane hukama asi haagoni kunzi akafanana. Mumwe muenzaniso: nokuti kune zvikamu zvedunhu zvakabatanidzwa zvakasungirirwa pabhodhi redunhu, nhau dzinodana iyo IC board, asi chaizvoizvo haina kufanana nebhodhi redunhu rakadhindwa. Isu tinowanzo taura kuti bhodhi redunhu rakadhindwa rinoreva bhodhi risina chinhu-kureva, bhodhi redunhu risina zvikamu zvepamusoro. Mukuita kwePCB bhodhi dhizaini uye redunhu bhodhi kugadzirwa, mainjiniya haangofanire kudzivirira tsaona muPCB bhodhi kugadzira maitiro, asi zvakare vanofanirwa kudzivirira zvikanganiso zvekugadzira.

Dambudziko 1: Circuit board short circuit: Kune rudzi urwu rwedambudziko, ndeimwe yezvikanganiso zvakajairika izvo zvinokonzeresa kuti bhodhi redunhu risashande. Chikonzero chikuru chePCB board short circuit haina kunaka solder pad dhizaini. Panguva ino, unogona kushandura denderedzwa solder pad kuita oval. Shape, wedzera chinhambwe pakati pemapoinzi kudzivirira mapfupi maseketi. Dhizaini isina kufanira yegwaro rePCB proofing parts ichaitawo kuti bhodhi riite pfupi-circuit uye kutadza kushanda. Semuyenzaniso, kana pini yeSOIC ichienderana nesimbi wave, zviri nyore kukonzera tsaona yenguva pfupi. Panguva ino, kutungamira kwechikamu kunogona kuchinjwa nenzira kwayo kuti ive perpendicular kune tin wave. Pane imwe mukana unozokonzera kupfupika kwedunhu kutadza kwePCB, ndiko kuti, otomatiki plug-in yakabhenda tsoka. Sezvo IPC inotaura kuti kureba kwepini kushoma kupfuura 2mm uye pane kunetseka kuti zvikamu zvichadonha kana kona yegumbo rakakotama rakakura kwazvo, zviri nyore kukonzeresa kupfupika, uye solder joint inofanira kunge yakawanda. kupfuura 2mm kure nedunhu.

Dambudziko rechipiri: PCB solder majoini anoita yero yegoridhe: Kazhinji, solder pamabhodhi ePCB edunhu isirivha-grey, asi pano neapo pane majoini egoridhe. Chikonzero chikuru chedambudziko iri ndechekuti tembiricha yakanyanya. Panguva ino, iwe unongoda kudzikisa tembiricha yevira retin.

Dambudziko rechitatu: Dima-ruvara uye granular contacts inoonekwa padunhu bhodhi: Rima-ruvara kana diki-grained contacts anooneka paPCB. Mazhinji ematambudziko anokonzerwa nekusvibiswa kwe solder uye yakawandisa okisidhi yakasanganiswa musimbi yakanyungudutswa, iyo inoumba solder joint structure. crisp. Chenjerera kuti urege kuivhiringidza nemuvara wakasviba unokonzerwa nekushandiswa kwe solder neine low tin content. Chimwe chikonzero chechinetso ichi ndechokuti kuumbwa kwe solder inoshandiswa mukugadzirwa kwekugadzira kwakashanduka, uye kusvibiswa kwemukati kwakanyanyisa. Zvakakosha kuwedzera tini yakachena kana kutsiva solder. Girazi rakasvibiswa rinokonzera shanduko yemuviri mufiber kuvaka-up, sekuparadzanisa pakati pematanho. Asi mamiriro ezvinhu aya haakonzeri kune varombo solder majoini. Chikonzero ndechekuti substrate inopisa zvakanyanya, saka zvakakosha kuderedza kupisa kwekutanga uye kutengesa kupisa kana kuwedzera kukurumidza kwe substrate.

Dambudziko rechina: Yakasununguka kana yakarasika PCB zvikamu: Munguva yekuyerera solder process, zvidimbu zvidiki zvinogona kuyangarara pane yakanyungudutswa solder uye pakupedzisira kusiya chinongedzo chinotengeswa. Zvikonzero zvinogoneka zvekutamisa kana kurerekera zvinosanganisira kuzunguzika kana kubhuroka kwezvikamu pane yakatengeswa PCB bhodhi nekuda kwekusakwana kwerutsigiro rwebhodhi redunhu, reflow oven marongero, solder paste matambudziko, uye kukanganisa kwevanhu.

Dambudziko 5: Circuit board rakavhurika redunhu: Kana iyo trace yaputsika, kana solder iri padhi uye kwete pane chikamu chinotungamira, dunhu rakavhurika richaitika. Muchiitiko ichi, hapana kunamatira kana kubatana pakati pechikamu nePCB. Kungofanana nemapfupi maseketi, aya anogonawo kuitika panguva yekugadzira kana panguva yewelding process uye mamwe maoperation. Vibration kana kutambanudza bhodhi redunhu, kudonhedza ivo kana mamwe ma mechanical deformation zvinhu zvichaparadza maronda kana solder majoini. Saizvozvo, kemikari kana unyoro zvinogona kukonzera solder kana simbi zvikamu kupfeka, izvo zvinogona kukonzera chikamu chinotungamira kuputsika.

Dambudziko rechitanhatu: Matambudziko eWelding: Izvi zvinotevera mamwe matambudziko anokonzerwa nemaitiro asina kunaka ekushongedza: Kuvhiringidza majoini ekutengesa: Nekuda kwekuvhiringidza kwekunze, solder inofamba isati yasimbiswa. Izvi zvakafanana neinotonhora solder joints, asi chikonzero chakasiyana. Inogona kugadziriswa nekugadzirisa zvakare, uye majoini e solder haavhiringidzi kunze kana atonhodzwa. Cold welding: Mamiriro ezvinhu aya anoitika kana solder isingakwanise kunyungudutswa zvakanaka, zvichiita kuti pave nenzvimbo dzakaoma uye kusavimbika. Sezvo solder yakawandisa ichidzivirira kunyungudika kwakakwana, majoini anotonhora anogonawo kuitika. Mushonga ndeyekupisa zvakare chibatanidza uye kubvisa yakawandisa solder. Solder Bridge: Izvi zvinoitika kana solder akayambuka uye achibatanidza miviri inotungamira pamwechete. Izvi zvinogona kuita zvinongedzo zvisingatarisirwi uye mapfupi maseketi, izvo zvinogona kuita kuti zvikamu zvipise kana kupisa maronda kana ikozvino yanyanya kukwirira. Kusakwana weti yemapads, mapini, kana lead. Kunyanya kana kushoma solder. Mapadhi akakwidziridzwa nekuda kwekupisa kana rough soldering.

Dambudziko 7: Kuipa kwepcb board kunokanganisawo nharaunda: nekuda kwechimiro chePCB pachayo, kana iri munzvimbo isina kunaka, zviri nyore kukonzera kukanganisa kubhodhi redunhu. Kunyanya kupisa kana kushanduka kwetembiricha, humidity yakawandisa, kuzununguka kwepamusoro-soro uye mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu zvese zvinokonzeresa kuita kwebhodhi kuderera kana kutoparara. Semuenzaniso, shanduko yeambient tembiricha inokonzeresa deformation yebhodhi. Nokudaro, majoini e solder achaparadzwa, chimiro chebhodhi chichave chakakotama, kana mitsara yemhangura pabhodhi inogona kuputsika. Kune rimwe divi, hunyoro hwemumhepo hunogona kukonzera oxidation, ngura uye ngura pamusoro pesimbi, senge yakafumurwa yemhangura mitsetse, solder majoini, mapadhi, uye chikamu chinotungamira. Kuunganidzwa kwetsvina, guruva kana marara pamusoro pezvikamu uye edunhu mabhodhi anogona zvakare kuderedza kuyerera kwemhepo uye kutonhora kwezvikamu, zvichikonzera PCB kupisa uye kuderera kwekuita. Kudengenyeka, kudonha, kurova kana kupeta PCB kuchaikanganisa uye kuita kuti kutsemuka kuoneke, nepo yakakwira ikozvino kana overvoltage ichaita kuti PCB iparadzwe kana kukonzera kuchembera nekukurumidza kwezvikamu uye nzira.

Mubvunzo wechisere: Kukanganisa kwevanhu: Zvizhinji zvekukanganisa mukugadzira PCB zvinokonzerwa nekukanganisa kwevanhu. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, maitiro asina kunaka ekugadzira, kuiswa zvisirizvo kwezvikamu uye zvisizvo zvekugadzira zvinongedzo zvinogona kukonzera kusvika 8% kudzivirira Kukanganisa kwechigadzirwa.