Basic pfungwa yePCB board

Basic pfungwa ye Pcb bhodhi

1. Pfungwa ye “Layer”
Zvakafanana nepfungwa ye “layer” yakaunzwa mukugadziriswa kwemazwi kana mamwe akawanda software kuti aone matendere uye synthesis yemifananidzo, zvinyorwa, ruvara, nezvimwe, “layer” yeProtel haisi yechokwadi, asi iyo chaiyo yakadhindwa bhodhi zvinhu pachayo mune dzakasiyana siyana. mhangura foil layers. Mazuva ano, nekuda kwekuiswa kwedense yemagetsi edunhu zvikamu. Zvinodiwa zvakakosha senge anti-kupindira uye wiring. Mabhodhi akadhindwa anoshandiswa mune zvimwe zvitsva zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi haangove nemativi ekumusoro uye ezasi e wiring, asiwo ane interlayer mapepa emhangura anogona kunyatsogadziriswa pakati pemapuranga. Semuenzaniso, ikozvino komputa mamaboards anoshandiswa. Zvizhinji zvezvinyorwa zvebhodhi zvakadhindwa zvinopfuura 4 layers. Nekuti aya matunhu akaoma kugadzirwa, anonyanya kushandiswa kumisikidza magetsi emagetsi machira ane nyore wiring (seGround Dever uye Power Dever musoftware), uye anowanzo shandisa nzira dzakakura dzekuzadza waya (senge ExternaI. P1a11e uye Zadza software). ) Apo iyo yepamusoro uye yakadzika pasi pepamusoro pepamusoro uye yepakati yepakati inoda kubatanidzwa, iyo inonzi “vias” inotaurwa musoftware inoshandiswa kutaurirana. Netsanangudzo iri pamusoro, hazvina kuoma kunzwisisa pfungwa dzakabatana dze “multi-layer pad” uye “wiring layer setting”. Kupa muenzaniso wakapfava, vanhu vazhinji vakapedza wiring uye vakawana kuti mazhinji ematerminal akabatana haana mapedhi kana adhindwa. Muchokwadi, izvi zvinodaro nekuti ivo vakafuratira iyo pfungwa ye “matanho” pavakawedzera raibhurari yemuchina uye havana kudhirowa nekuzvirongedza. Iyo pad hunhu inotsanangurwa se “Multilayer (Mulii-Layer). Zvinofanira kuyeuchidzwa kuti kana nhamba yezvikamu zvebhodhi rakadhindwa rinoshandiswa rasarudzwa, iva nechokwadi chekuvhara zvidimbu zvisina kushandiswa kudzivisa matambudziko uye kutsauka.

ipcb

2. Via (Via)

ndiwo mutsetse unobatanidza zvidimbu, uye gomba rinowanzoboorwa paWenhui yewaya dzinoda kubatanidzwa pane imwe neimwe layer, inova iyo via buri. Mukuita uku, dhizaini yesimbi inoputirwa pamusoro pecylindrical pamusoro pegomba madziro eiyo kuburikidza nekemikari deposition kuti abatanidze foil yemhangura inoda kubatanidzwa kune epakati akaturikidzana, uye ekumusoro neazasi mativi evha anogadzirwa. mune zvakajairwa padhi maumbirwo, anogona kuve akananga Iyo yakabatana nemitsara pamativi ekumusoro uye ezasi, kana isina kubatana. Kazhinji kutaura, pane zvinotevera misimboti yekurapa vias kana uchigadzira dunhu:
(1) Kuderedza kushandisa vias. Kamwe Via inosarudzwa, iva nechokwadi chekubata mukaha pakati payo uye masangano akapoteredza, kunyanya mukaha pakati pemitsetse uye vias zviri nyore kufuratirwa pakati pezvikamu uye vias. Kana iri Automatic routing inogona kugadziriswa otomatiki nekusarudza iyo “pa” chinhu mu “Minimize nhamba vias” (Via Minimiz8TIon) submenu.
(2) Iyo yakakura ikozvino-yekutakura inodiwa inodiwa, yakakura saizi yeinodikanwa vias. Semuyenzaniso, vias inoshandiswa kubatanidza simba layer uye pasi rukoko kune mamwe akaturikidzana achava hombe.

3. Silk screen layer (Overlay)

Kuti ufambise kuisirwa nekuchengetedza dunhu, iyo inodiwa logo mapatani uye mameseji makodhi anodhindwa panzvimbo yepamusoro uye yakaderera yebhodhi rakadhindwa, senge chikamu label uye kukosha kwezita, chikamu chechimiro chimiro uye mugadziri logo, zuva rekugadzira, etc. Apo vakawanda vanotanga vanogadzira zvinyorwa zvakakodzera zvesikirini yesikirini, vanongoteerera kune zvakatsvinda uye zvakanaka kuiswa kwemavara ezvinyorwa, vachiregeredza chaiyo PCB mhedzisiro. Pabhodhi rakadhindwa ravakagadzira, mavara akavharwa nechikamu kana kuti akapinda munzvimbo yekutengesa uye akadzimwa, uye zvimwe zvezvikamu zvakaratidzwa pane zvikamu zviri pedyo. Magadzirirwo akasiyana-siyana akadaro achaunza zvakawanda kuungano nekugadzirisa. inconvenient. Nheyo chaiyo yekumisikidzwa kwemavara pane sirika screen layer ndeye: “hapana kusanzwisisika, stitches pakatarisana, yakanaka uye ine rupo”.

4. Hunhu hweSMD

Kune huwandu hukuru hweSMD mapakeji muProtel package raibhurari, kureva, pamusoro pekutengesa michina. Chinhu chikuru cherudzi urwu rwemudziyo mukuwedzera kune hukuru hwayo hudiki ndiko kugoverwa kwemativi epini maburi. Nokudaro, pakusarudza rudzi urwu rwechigadzirwa, zvakakosha kutsanangura pamusoro pechigadziro kuti urege “kushayikwa mapini (Missing Plns)”. Mukuwedzera, zvinyorwa zvakakodzera zvinyorwa zvemhando iyi yechikamu zvinogona kuiswa chete pamusoro pepamusoro apo chikamu chiripo.

5. Grid-yakafanana nekuzadza nzvimbo (Ndege Yekunze) uye nzvimbo yekuzadza (Zadza)

Kungofanana nemazita evaviri, iyo inetiwe-yakaita yekuzadza nzvimbo ndeyekugadzirisa nzvimbo yakakura yemhangura foil kuita network, uye nzvimbo yekuzadza inongochengeta foil yemhangura yakasimba. Vanotanga kazhinji havakwanise kuona mutsauko uripo pakati pezviviri pakombuta mukuita dhizaini, kutaura zvazviri, chero iwe uchikwevera mukati, unogona kuzviona nekungotarisa. Izvo chaizvo nekuti hazvisi nyore kuona mutsauko pakati pezviviri munguva dzakajairika, saka kana uchiishandisa, zvinotonyanya kusava nehanya kusiyanisa pakati pezviviri. Inofanira kusimbiswa kuti yekare ine simba rakasimba rekudzvinyirira kupindira kwepamusoro-frequency muhutano hwemadunhu, uye yakakodzera kune zvinodiwa. Nzvimbo dzakazadzwa nenzvimbo hombe, kunyanya kana dzimwe nzvimbo dzichishandiswa senzvimbo dzakadzivirirwa, nzvimbo dzakakamurwa, kana tambo dzemagetsi dzemazuva ano dzakanyanya kukodzera. Iyo yekupedzisira inonyanya kushandiswa munzvimbo dzinodiwa nzvimbo diki senge general line inogumira kana kutendeuka nzvimbo.

6. Pad

Iyo padhi ndiyo inonyanya kubatwa uye inonyanya kukosha pfungwa muPCB dhizaini, asi vanotanga vanowanzo furatira kusarudzwa kwayo uye kugadziridzwa, uye kushandisa denderedzwa mapadhi mudhizaini imwechete. Kusarudzwa kwepadhi yemhando yechikamu kunofanirwa kunyatsofunga nezve chimiro, saizi, marongerwo, vibration uye mamiriro ekudziya, uye kumanikidza kutungamira kwechikamu. Protel inopa nhevedzano yemapadhi ehukuru hwakasiyana uye maumbirwo muraibhurari yepasuru, senge kutenderera, sikweya, octagonal, kutenderera uye kumisa pads, asi dzimwe nguva izvi hazvina kukwana uye zvinoda kugadziridzwa wega. Semuenzaniso, kune mapedhi anogadzira kupisa, anoiswa pasi pekunetseka kukuru, uye ari iyezvino, anogona kugadzirwa kuita “teardrop shape”. Mune yakajairwa ruvara TV PCB mutsara unobuda transformer pini pad dhizaini, vagadziri vazhinji vanongori Mune iyi fomu. Kazhinji kutaura, kuwedzera kune zviri pamusoro, zvinotevera misimboti inofanirwa kutariswa paunenge uchigadzirisa padhi uri wega:

(1) Kana chimiro chisingaenderane pakureba, funga mutsauko pakati pehupamhi hwewaya uye yakananga kureba kwepadhi kwete yakakura kwazvo;

(2) Zvinowanzodikanwa kushandisa mapedhi asymmetric ane asymmetric urefu paunenge uchifambisa pakati pechikamu chinotungamira makona;

(3) Saizi yechikamu chimwe nechimwe pad gomba inofanirwa kugadziridzwa uye kutariswa zvakasiyana zvichienderana nekukora kwepini yechikamu. Nheyo yacho ndeyekuti saizi yegomba iri 0.2 kusvika 0.4 mm yakakura kupfuura pini dhayamita.

7. Mhando dzakasiyana dze membranes (Mask)

Aya mafirimu haasi chete akakosha muPcB yekugadzira maitiro, asiwo inodiwa mamiriro echikamu welding. Zvinoenderana nechinzvimbo uye basa re “membrane”, iyo “membrane” inogona kukamurwa kuita chikamu chepamusoro (kana soldering surface) soldering mask (TOp kana Pazasi) uye chikamu chepamusoro (kana soldering surface) solder mask (TOp kana BottomPaste Mask) . Sezvinoreva zita racho, iyo solder firimu firimu rinoshandiswa kune padhi kuti rivandudze solderability, kureva kuti, denderedzwa rine ruvara rwechiedza pabhodhi rakasvibirira rakakura zvishoma pane pad. Mamiriro emasolder mask anongopesana, nekuti Kugadzirisa bhodhi rakapedzwa kuti riite solder uye dzimwe nzira dzekutengesa, zvinodikanwa kuti foil yemhangura pane isiri-pedhi pabhodhi haigone kusungirirwa. Nokudaro, pendi yependi inofanira kuiswa kune zvikamu zvose kunze kwepedhi kudzivirira tini kubva pakuiswa pazvikamu izvi. Zvinogona kuonekwa kuti ma membranes maviri aya ari muhukama hunopindirana. Kubva muhurukuro iyi, hazvisi zvakaoma kuziva menyu
Zvinhu zvakaita se “solder Mask En1argement” zvakamiswa.

8. Flying line, flying line ine zvirevo zviviri:

(1) Rubber bhendi-senge network yekubatanidza yekutarisa panguva yeatomatiki wiring. Mushure mekurodha zvinhu kuburikidza netiweki tafura uye kugadzira yekutanga dhizaini, unogona kushandisa iyo “Ratidza command” kuti uone iyo crossover mamiriro eiyo network yekubatanidza pasi peiyo marongero, Gara uchigadzirisa chinzvimbo chezvikamu kuti uderedze iyi crossover kuti uwane iyo yakanyanya otomatiki. routing rate. Danho iri rakakosha zvikuru. Zvinogona kunzi unorodza banga kwete kucheka huni nekukanganisa. Zvinotora nguva yakawanda uye kukosha! Uye zvakare, mushure mekunge iyo otomatiki wiring yapedzwa, iyo network isati yaiswa, iwe unogona zvakare kushandisa basa iri kuti uzive. Mushure mekuwana iyo isina kubatana network, inogona kubhadharwa nemaoko. Kana isingabhadharwi, chirevo chechipiri che” flying line” chinoshandiswa, chinova kubatanidza mambure aya newaya pabhodhi rakadhindwa remangwana. Zvinofanira kureurura kuti kana redunhu bhodhi iri misa-yakagadzirwa otomatiki mutsara kugadzirwa, ichi chinobhururuka chinotungamira chinogona kugadzirwa sechinhu chinopikisa chine 0 ohm kuramba kukosha uye yunifomu padhi spacing.