Pamasikiro high-frequency PCB inzira yakaoma, uye zvinhu zvakawanda zvinogona kukanganisa zvakananga kushanda kwepamusoro-frequency circuit. High-frequency circuit design uye wiring zvakakosha zvikuru kune yose yakagadzirwa. Aya matipi gumi anotevera epamusoro-frequency wedunhu PCB dhizaini anonyanya kukurudzirwa:

1. Multilayer board wiring

High-frequency circuits inowanzova nekubatana kwepamusoro uye high wiring density. Kushandiswa kwema-multi-layer board hakusi kudiwa chete kune wiring, asiwo nzira inobatsira yekuderedza kupindira. MuPCB Layout nhanho, sarudzo inonzwisisika yeakadhindwa bhodhi saizi ine imwe nhamba yezvikamu zvinogona kushandisa zvizere iyo yepakati layer yekumisikidza nhovo, zvirinani kuziva iyo iri padyo pasi, uye zvinobudirira kuderedza parasitic inductance uye kupfupisa chiratidzo. hurefu hwekutumira, uchiri kuchengetedza yakakura Nzira dzose idzi dzinobatsira pakuvimbika kwema-high-frequency circuits, zvakadai sekuderedzwa kweamplitude yechiratidzo chepakati-kupindira. Imwe data inoratidza kuti kana chinhu chimwe chete chikashandiswa, ruzha rwechina-layer board iri 20dB yakaderera pane iyo yebhodhi-mativi maviri. Zvisinei, panewo dambudziko. Iyo yakakwira nhamba yePCB hafu-zvikamu, iyo yakanyanya kuoma nzira yekugadzira, uye yakakwirira mutengo weyuniti. Izvi zvinoda kuti tisarudze mabhodhi ePCB ane nhamba yakakodzera yezvikamu kana tichiita PCB Layout. Inonzwisisika yechikamu kuronga kuronga, uye shandisa chaiyo wiring mitemo kupedzisa dhizaini.

2. Izvo zvishoma mutobvu unokotama pakati pemapini e-high-speed zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi, zviri nani

Iyo inotungamira waya ye-high-frequency circuit wiring ndiyo yakanakisisa kutora mutsara wakarurama wakazara, unoda kushandurwa. Inogona kushandurwa ne45-degree yakaputsika mutsara kana denderedzwa arc. Ichi chinodiwa chinongoshandiswa kuvandudza simba rekugadzirisa remhangura yemhangura mumasekete e-low-frequency circuits, nepo mumatunhu akakwirira-frequency, ichi chinodiwa chinowanikwa. Chimwe chinodiwa chinogona kuderedza kubuda kwekunze uye kuwirirana kwekubatana kwemasaini epamusoro-frequency.

3. Iyo ipfupi inotungamira pakati pepini ye-high-frequency circuit device, zviri nani

Kusimba kwemwaranzi yechiratidzo kunoenzanirana nehurefu hwekutevera hwemutsara wechiratidzo. Iyo yakareba-yepamusoro-frequency chiratidzo chinotungamira, zviri nyore kuti kubatanidza kune zvikamu zviri padyo nayo. Nokudaro, nokuda kwewachi yechiratidzo, crystal oscillator, DDR data, mitsara yeLVDS, mitsara ye USB, mitsetse yeHDMI nemimwe mitsetse yechiratidzo chepamusoro inodiwa kuti ive pfupi sezvinobvira.

4. Iyo ishoma iyo inotungamira layer inochinjana pakati pepini ye-high-frequency circuit mudziyo, zviri nani

Izvo zvinodaidzwa kuti “zvishoma iyo inter-layer alternation yeanotungamira, zviri nani” zvinoreva kuti mashoma vias (Via) anoshandiswa muchikamu chekubatanidza maitiro, zviri nani. Maererano nedivi, mumwe kuburikidza anogona kuunza nezve 0.5pF yakagovaniswa capacitance, uye kuderedza nhamba yevias inogona kuwedzera zvakanyanya kumhanya uye kuderedza mukana wekukanganisa data.

5. Teerera kune “crosstalk” inounzwa nemutsara wechiratidzo mupedyo wakafanana routing

High-frequency circuit wiring inofanira kuterera kune “crosstalk” inounzwa nepedyo kufambirana kwemitsara yemasaini. Crosstalk inoreva chiitiko chekubatanidza pakati pemitsara yechiratidzo isina kubatana zvakananga. Sezvo masaini akakwira-frequency achifambiswa muchimiro chemagetsi emagetsi padivi pemutsetse wekutapurirana, mutsara wechiratidzo uchaita senge antenna, uye simba remunda wemagetsi rinoburitswa rakatenderedza tambo yekutapurirana. Zvisingadikanwi masaini masaini anogadzirwa nekuda kwekubatana kwemagetsi emagetsi minda pakati pezvikwangwani. Inonzi crosstalk (Crosstalk). Iwo maparamendi ePCB layer, kupatsanurwa kwemitsara yemasaini, maitiro emagetsi ekupedzisira kwekutyaira uye kuguma kwekugamuchira, uye nzira yekumisa mutsara wechiratidzo zvese zvine chimwe chinokanganisa pane crosstalk. Naizvozvo, kuti uderedze iyo crosstalk yeakakwira-frequency masaini, zvinodikanwa kuita zvinotevera zvakanyanya sezvinobvira kana wiring:

Kana nzvimbo yewaya ichibvumidza, kupinza waya yepasi kana ndege yepasi pakati pewaya mbiri dzine zvakakomba crosstalk inogona kuita basa rekuzviparadzanisa nevamwe uye kuderedza crosstalk. Kana paine nguva-inosiyana-siyana yemagetsi magineti munzvimbo yakapoteredza mutsara wechiratidzo, kana kugovera kwakafanana kusingagoni kudzivirirwa, nzvimbo huru ye “pasi” inogona kurongeka kune rumwe rutivi rwemutsara wakafanana wechiratidzo kuderedza zvakanyanya kukanganisa.

Pasi pechifungidziro chekuti nzvimbo yewaya inobvumidza, wedzera nzvimbo pakati pemitsara yemasaini ari padyo, kuderedza kureba kwakafanana kwemitsara yechiratidzo, uye edza kuita mutsara wewachi perpendicular kune kiyi yechiratidzo mutsara pane kufanana. Kana parallel wiring in the same layer inenge isingadzivisiki, muzvikamu zviviri zviri pedyo, mirairo ye wiring inofanira kuva perpendicular kune imwe neimwe.

Mumaseketi edhijitari, masaini ewachi akajairwa masiginecha ane kukurumidza kumucheto shanduko, ane yakakwirira yekunze crosstalk. Nokudaro, mukugadzira, mutsara wewachi unofanirwa kukomberedzwa nemutsara wepasi uye kurova mamwe maburi emutsetse wepasi kuderedza kugoverwa kwe capacitance, nokudaro kuderedza crosstalk. Kune ma-high-frequency signal wachi, edza kushandisa low-voltage differential clock signals uye kuputira pasi mode, uye teerera kune kuvimbika kwepakeji pasi punching.

Iyo isina kushandiswa yekuisa terminal haifanirwe kumiswa, asi yakadzikwa kana kubatanidza kune magetsi emagetsi (simba remagetsi rakaiswawo mu-high-frequency signal loop), nekuti tambo yakamiswa inogona kuenzana neantenna yekufambisa, uye iyo ivhu inogona kumisa. the emission. Kudzidzira kwakaratidza kuti kushandisa nzira iyi kubvisa crosstalk dzimwe nguva kunogona kuunza mhedzisiro.

6. Wedzera yakakwira-frequency decoupling capacitor kune pini yekupa magetsi yeiyo yakabatanidzwa yedunhu block.

Iyo yakakwirira-frequency decoupling capacitor inowedzerwa kune simba rekupa pini yega yega yakabatanidzwa yedunhu block padyo. Kuwedzera iyo yakakwira-frequency decoupling capacitor yepini yekupa magetsi inogona kunyatso kudzvanya kupindira kwe-high-frequency harmonics papini yekupa magetsi.

7. Isolate pasi wire ye-high-frequency digital signal uye analog signal pasi waya

Kana iyo analogi yepasi waya, digitaalinen pasi waya, zvichingodaro zvakabatana kune yeruzhinji pasi waya, shandisa yakakwirira-frequency kukachidza magineti mabedhi kubatanidza kana kuparadzanisa zvakananga uye sarudza nzvimbo yakakodzera yeimwe-poindi yekubatanidza. Iko kugona kwepasi kwewaya yepasi yechiratidzo chepamusoro-frequency digital hachiwanzoenderana. Pane kazhinji pane imwe voltage musiyano pakati pezviviri zvakananga. Uyezve, waya yepasi yeiyo yakakwira-frequency dhijitari chiratidzo kazhinji ine yakapfuma kwazvo harmonic zvikamu zveyepamusoro-frequency chiratidzo. Kana iyo yedhijitari chiratidzo chepasi waya uye analog chiratidzo chepasi waya yakabatana zvakananga, iyo harmonics yeakakwira-frequency chiratidzo ichakanganisa chiratidzo cheanalogi kuburikidza nepasi waya yekubatanidza. Naizvozvo, pasi pemamiriro akajairika, waya wepasi weiyo yakakwira-frequency chiratidzo chedhijitari uye waya yepasi yechiratidzo cheanalogi inofanira kuparadzaniswa, uye imwe-point yekubatanidza nzira inogona kushandiswa panzvimbo yakakodzera, kana nzira yepamusoro- frequency choke magnetic bead interconnection inogona kushandiswa.

8. Dzivisa zvishwe zvakaumbwa ne wiring

Ese marudzi emhando yepamusoro-frequency chiratidzo chetrace haifanire kuumba loop zvakanyanya sezvinobvira. Kana zvisingadzivisiki, nzvimbo yechiuno inofanira kuva duku sezvinobvira.

9. Inofanirwa kuve nechokwadi chakanaka chechiratidzo impedance inoenderana

Mukuita kwekufambiswa kwechiratidzo, kana iyo impedance isingaenderane, siginecha inoratidzira muchiteshi chekufambisa, uye ratidziro ichaita kuti iyo synthesized siginecha iite overshoot, zvichiita kuti chiratidzo chichinjike padyo nechikumbaridzo chepfungwa.

Iyo yakakosha nzira yekubvisa kufungisisa ndeyekufananidza iyo impedance yechiratidzo chekufambisa zvakanaka. Sezvo mukuru mutsauko uripo pakati pekuremerwa kwemutoro uye hunhu hwekudzivirira mutsara wekutapurirana, iyo yakanyanya kuratidzwa, saka iyo hunhu inopesana neiyo chiratidzo chekutumira mutsara inofanira kuitwa yakaenzana nemutoro wekutakura zvakanyanya sezvinobvira. Panguva imwecheteyo, ndapota cherechedza kuti mutsara wekutumira paPCB haugoni kuva nekushanduka kamwe kamwe kana makona, uye edza kuchengetedza kusakanganiswa kweimwe neimwe poindi yemutsetse wekutapurirana ichienderera, zvikasadaro pachave nekufungidzira pakati pezvikamu zvakasiyana zvetambo yekutapurirana. Izvi zvinoda kuti panguva yekumhanya-mhanya PCB wiring, iyo inotevera wiring mitemo inofanirwa kucherechedzwa:

USB wiring mitemo. Inoda USB chiratidzo chekusiyanisa nzira, upamhi hwemutsara i10mil, mutsara wemutsara i6mil, uye mutsetse wepasi uye chiratidzo chemutsara wemutsara i6mil.

HDMI wiring mitemo. Iyo HDMI chiratidzo chekusiyanisa nzira inodiwa, upamhi hwemutsara i10mil, mutsara wemutsara i6mil, uye kupatsanura pakati peseti maviri ega ega HDMI yekusiyanisa masign pairs inodarika 20mil.

LVDS wiring mitemo. Inoda LVDS chiratidzo chekusiyanisa nzira, mutsara wakafara i7mil, mutsara wemutsara uri 6mil, chinangwa ndechekudzora kusiyanisa chiratidzo impedance yeHDMI kusvika 100 + -15% ohm.

DDR wiring mitemo. DDR1 traces inoda masaini kuti asapfuura nemumakomba zvakanyanya sezvinobvira, mitsetse yezviratidzo ndeyehupamhi hwakaenzana, uye mitsetse yakapatsanurwa zvakaenzana. Iwo maronda anofanirwa kusangana neiyo 2W musimboti wekudzikisa crosstalk pakati pezviratidzo. Kune yakakwira-kumhanya michina yeDDR2 uye pamusoro, yakakwirira-frequency data inodiwa zvakare. Iyo mitsetse yakaenzana pakureba kuti ive nechokwadi chekuenderana kweiyo chiratidzo.

10. Iva nechokwadi chekuvimbika kwekutapurirana

Chengetedza kuvimbika kwekufambiswa kwechiratidzo uye kudzivirira “ground bounce phenomenon” inokonzerwa nekutsemuka kwevhu.