Kune huwandu hwakawanda hwezvinhu zvemagetsi, zvine polarity, kana mapini haagone kutengeswa zvisirizvo. Semuenzaniso, kana iyo electrolytic capacitor yaiswa welded reversely, inoputika kana yasimbiswa. Kazhinji, kana uchishandisa otomatiki yekudyisa muchina kuunganidza zvikamu zvebhodhi redunhu, hapazove nedambudziko rekuisa zvisizvo zvinhu. Nekudaro, nekuda kwezvipimo zvevagadziri uye hunhu hwezvikamu, hazvisi zvese zvikamu zvinogona kunamirwa otomatiki kana kuiswa. Common manual placement inodiwa kune dzakasiyana-siyana pamusoro akaiswa ma transformer, ma connector, to encapsulated integrated circuits, etc. Midziyo iyi inogona kunge ichine dambudziko rekukanganisa kwegungano. Kazhinji, kugadzirisa kunoitwa nemaoko, uye iyi link inotarisanawo nedambudziko re reverse welding. Naizvozvo, zvinodikanwa kutsanangura nzira yekumisikidza yezvikamu uye hukama hunoenderana pakati pechikamu mapedhi uye silika chidzitiro kudhinda pane redunhu bhodhi.

1. Capacitance
Kune electrolytic capacitor yakaiswa mualuminium kuburikidza negomba rinoratidzwa mumufananidzo uri pasi apa, matanda akanaka uye asina kunaka anowanzomiririrwa netsoka refu uye pfupi uye chiratidzo pamuviri. Gumbo refu riri positive uye gumbo pfupi rine negative. Kazhinji, kune machena kana mamwe mitsetse anoenderana nepini paganda redivi rakashata.
Iyo electrolytic capacitor pane redunhu bhodhi inowanzoiswa chiratidzo ne polarity sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo.
Imwe nzira ndeyekuisa chiratidzo che “+” zvakananga kudivi rakanaka. Kubatsira kweiyi nzira ndeyekuti zviri nyore kutarisa polarity mushure mekucheka. Izvo zvisingabatsiri ndezvekuti inotora nzvimbo yakakura yebhodhi redunhu. Yechipiri nzira ndeyekuzadza nzvimbo iyo iyo yakaipa electrode inowanikwa nesiriki skrini. Iyi polarity inomiririra inotora diki diki redunhu bhodhi, asi zvinonetsa kutarisa polarity mushure mekushongedza. Izvo zvinowanzoitika muzviitiko zvine huwandu hwakanyanya hwemagetsi edhisheni bhodhi senge komputa motherboard.
Tantalum capacitors akaiswa kuburikidza nemakomba anowanzo kunyorwa “+” pamuviri padivi rakanaka, uye mamwe marudzi anosiyaniswazve netsoka refu uye pfupi.
Iyo yekumaka nzira pabhodhi redunhu reiyi capacitor inogona kureva aluminium electrolytic capacitor.
Yepamusoro akaiswa aluminium electrolytic capacitors. Divi rakavharwa neingi ndiro rakaipa, uye chigadziko chiri padivi repazipo rinowanzoitwa chamfer.
Pa Yakadhindwa Circuit Board, inowanzoratidzwa mumufananidzo uri pamusoro
Kureva kushandisa sirika sikirini “+” pane redunhu bhodhi kumiririra yakanaka danda, uye kudhirowa chimiro chemudziyo panguva imwe chete. Nenzira iyi, iyo chamfered side inogona zvakare kushandiswa kuona iyo yakanaka electrode.

Pamusoro yakasungirirwa tantalum capacitor

2. Diode
Kuma diode anobudisa chiedza, mapini marefu uye mapfupi anowanzoshandiswa kumiririra matanda akanaka uye asina kunaka. Pini refu iri positive uye pini pfupi iri negative. Dzimwe nguva mugadziri anocheka zvishoma kune rimwe divi re LED, iyo inogona zvakare kushandiswa kumiririra iyo yakaipa electrode.

Sirika sikirini “+” inowanzo shandiswa pabhodhi redunhu kuratidza iyo yakanaka electrode.
Kune akajairwa diode

Mumufananidzo uri pamusoro, divi rekuruboshwe ndiro danda rakashata uye rutivi rworudyi ndiro danda rakanaka, kureva kuti, sirika skrini inodhinda kana girazi rakasvibiswa rinoshandiswa kumiririra yakanaka uye yakaipa polarity. Nzira mbiri dzinotevera dzinowanzo shandiswa kumiririra yakanaka uye yakaipa polarity pabhodhi redunhu.

Iyo polarity ye diode inoratidzwa nesiriki skrini pabhodhi redunhu. Izvi zvakanyatsojeka. Imwe yacho ndeyekudhirowa zviratidzo zvema diode zvakananga pachiratidziro chesirika yakadhindwa redunhu bhodhi.
Iyo polarity inomiririra yepasi yakaiswa LED inovhiringidza zvikuru. Dzimwe nguva kune akasiyana anomiririra pakati pemhando dzakasiyana dzepakeji mumugadziri. Nekudaro, zvakajairika kupenda mavara emavara kana mitsetse yemavara padivi recathode rechiedza-emitting diode. Kunewo makona akachekwa padivi recathode.
Iyo polarity ye diode inoratidzwa nesiriki skrini pabhodhi redunhu. Izvi zvakanyatsojeka. Imwe yacho ndeyekudhirowa zvimisikidzo zvema diode zvakananga pane sirika skrini yakadhindwa redunhu bhodhi.
Iyo polarity inomiririra yepasi yakaiswa LED inovhiringidza zvikuru. Dzimwe nguva kune akasiyana anomiririra pakati pemhando dzakasiyana dzepakeji mumugadziri. Nekudaro, zvakajairika kupenda mavara emavara kana mitsetse yemavara padivi recathode rechiedza-emitting diode. Kunewo makona akachekwa padivi recathode.

Zvakajairwa pamusoro pegomo diode zvakare anoshandisa sirika chidzitiro kudhinda kana yakasvibiswa girazi pamuviri kumiririra yakaipa electrode.

Integrated circuit
Kune dip uye saka akaputirwa maseketi akabatanidzwa ane mapini akagoverwa mativi ese, iyo yepamusoro semicircular notch inowanzo shandiswa kuratidza kuti nzira iyi iri pamusoro pechip, uye pini yekutanga kuruboshwe kumusoro ndiyo yekutanga pini yechip. Iyo zvakare inoratidzirwa neyakachinjika mutsara kumusoro ine sirika skrini inodhinda kana laser.

Pamusoro pezvo, kune zvakare sirika skrini madoti akananga pamuviri padivi pepini yekutanga yechip kana kudzvanya gomba zvakananga panguva yekuumbwa kwejekiseni.
Mamwe maseketi akabatanidzwa anomiririrwawo nekucheka beveled mupendero pamutumbi wemupendero wekutanga wepini yekutanga.

Zviratidzo zvemhando iyi yedunhu rakabatanidzwa pabhodhi redunhu rinowanzo kunyorwa negevha kumusoro.
YeQFP, PLCC uye BGA mune tetragonal package.
QFP akaiswa maseketi akasanganiswa anowanzo shandisa maconcave dots, sirika screen dots, kana sirika skrini inodhinda zvinoenderana nemuenzaniso kutonga kutungamira pamutumbi unoenderana nepini yekutanga. Vamwe vanoshandisa nzira yekucheka kona kumiririra tsoka yekutanga. Panguva ino, nzira yekutarisana newachi ndiyo tsoka yekutanga. Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti dzimwe nguva kune matatu makomba pane chip, saka kona isina makomba inoenderana nekurudyi kwezasi kwechip.

Nekuti muviri wePLCC package yakakura, inowanzomiririrwa nemakomba zvakananga pakutanga kwepini yekutanga. Vamwewo vanocheka makona kumusoro kuruboshwe kwechip.

BGA yakarongedzwa chinhu
BGA kurongedza haingoshandisi chete goridhe-yakanamirwa mhangura foil mukona yezasi kuruboshwe kumiririra pini yekutanga, asiwo inoshandisa nzira yekushayikwa makona, makomba uye sirika skrini madots kumiririra kutungamira kwepini yekutanga.
Iwo magiraidhi ari pabhodhi redunhu rinoenderana anotevera
Gumbo rekutanga rinobatwa nesiriki skrini dots uye makona anoshaikwa.

4. zvimwe midziyo

Muchinhu chaicho, chinongedzo chinowanzo kudzora gwara nekuisa notch. Kune zvakare vanonyora 1 pedyo netsoka yekutanga kana kushandisa katatu kumiririra tsoka yekutanga. Kazhinji kutaura, mamwe maturusi anodzivirira kuiswa zvisirizvo nekudhirowa sirika skrini inoenderana nechinhu chaicho chiri pairi yakadhindwa redunhu bhodhi.
Nekupokana kubviswa kwekumisikidza kuburikidza-gomba, inowanzo ratidzwa nekuputira iyo yakajairwa magumo nesiriki skrini pabhodhi redunhu. Kana kunyora 1 pedyo netsoka yekutanga.
Kuti agadzirise zvinodikanwa zvepadhi, sirika sikirini kudhinda uye kuramba welding yezvikamu padunhu redunhu, IPC sangano rakaburitsa maviri ane hukama zviyero: ipc-7351 uye ipc-sm-840. Nekudaro, mukushandisa chaiko, dhizaini yekumaka zviratidzo inogadzirwa nedhizaini yekumiririra nzira inotsanangurwa neIPC inowanzovharwa nemuviri wemudziyo mushure mekucheka, iyo isina kukodzera kuongororwa. Iyo graphic dhizaini yechikamu pad inofanirwa kugadziriswa zvinoenderana nemamiriro chaiwo.
Muchidimbu, muzvinhu chaizvo, kazhinji madivayiri akasarudzika anoshandisa nzira dzemakumbo marefu uye mapfupi, sirika skrini inodhinda kana kupenda kumiririra polarity. Kumaseketi akabatanidzwa, concave points, silk screen printing, notches, makona akashaikwa, mipendero isipo kana kuratidzwa kwakananga kunowanzo shandiswa pakutanga pini yekumaka. Paunenge uchigadzira padhi giraidhi, kazhinji dhirowa zvinoenderana nechimiro chemudziyo zvakanyanya sezvinobvira, uye ratidza ruzivo rwune chekuita nekumisikidza pane chimiro chemudziyo muchimiro chesiriki skrini zvakanyanya sezvinobvira, kuitira kudzivirira kukanganisa mukusangana kwemaoko uye welding.