Iyo yakajairika basic PCB dhizaini maitiro ndeaya anotevera: kutanga gadziriro -> pcb chimiro dhizaini -> pcb dhizaini -> wiring -> wiring optimization uye silika skrini yekudhinda -> network uye DRC kuongorora uye chimiro kuongorora -> ndiro kugadzira.
Kutanga kugadzirira.
Izvi zvinosanganisira kugadzirira katalog uye schematics “Kana iwe uchida kuita basa rakanaka, unofanira kutanga warodza maturusi ako. “Kugadzira bhodhi rakanaka, haufanirwe kungogadzira musimboti chete, asi zvakare dhirowa zvakanaka. Usati wagadzirwa nePCB, tanga wagadzirira raibhurari yezvinhu zvechirongwa cheSch uye PCB. Raibhurari yezvinhu inogona kuva Protel (dzakawanda shiri dzekare dzemagetsi dzaive Protel panguva iyoyo), asi zvinonetsa kuwana yakakodzera. Zvirinani kugadzira raibhurari yezvinhu zvinoenderana neyakajairwa saizi yedhizaini yakasarudzwa. Mukuita, gadzira raibhurari yezvinhu yePBB kutanga, uyezve raibhurari yezvinhu ye sch. Icho chinhu raibhurari yePBB ine zvakakwirira zvinodiwa, izvo zvinokanganisa zvakananga kuiswa kwebhodhi; Icho chikamu chemaraibhurari chinodiwa cheSS chakasununguka. Ingo teerera kutarisisa iyo pini hunhu uye inoenderana hukama nePCB zvikamu. PS: cherekedza mapini akavanzika muraibhurari yakajairwa. Ikozve kune iyo schematic dhizaini. Paunenge wagadzirira, iwe wagadzirira kutanga pcb dhizaini.
Chechipiri: Pcb mamiriro dhizaini.
Mune ino nhanho, zvinoenderana neyakatemwa redunhu bhodhi saizi uye dzakasiyana michina yekumisikidza, dhonza iyo pcb penzvimbo yePCB dhizaini nharaunda, uye isa zvinoda zvinongedzo, makiyi / switch, maburi epururu, maburi egungano, nezvimwe zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvekumisikidza. Uye funga zvakazara uye sarudza iyo wiring nharaunda uye isiri wiring nharaunda (senge yakawanda sei nzvimbo yakatenderedza sikuruu gomba ndeyeye isiri wiring nharaunda).
Chechitatu: pcb marongerwo.
Chimiro ndechekuisa zvishandiso pabhodhi. Panguva ino, kana gadziriro dzese dzataurwa pamusoro dzaitwa, unogona kugadzira tafura yenetiwe (Dhizaini -> gadzira netlist) pane dhizaini, uye wobva waunza tafura yeneti (Dhizaini -> Mambure ekuremerwa) pane pikicha yePBB. Iwe unogona kuona kuti zvishandiso zvese zvakaunganidzwa, uye kune waya dzinobhururuka pakati pembambo kusimudzira kubatana. Ipapo iwe unogona kumisikidza chishandiso. Urongwa hwese huchaitwa zvichienderana nemisimboti inotevera:
Kugadziriswa kunonzwisisika maererano nemagetsi mashandiro, anowanzo kuve akapatsanurwa kuita: dunhu redhijitari nzvimbo (kureva kutya kupindirwa uye kuburitsa kupindirana), nzvimbo yedunhu reanalogog (kutya kukanganisa) uye nzvimbo yemagetsi drive (yekupindira sosi);
② Matunhu anopedzisa basa rimwechete anoiswa padhuze nepose pazvinogoneka, uye zvese zvinoriumba zvichagadziriswa kuti zvive nyore kuita wiring. Panguva imwecheteyo, chinja chinzvimbo chehukama pakati pemabhuroko anoshanda kuti ubatanidze pakati pemabhuroko anoshanda akapfupika;
③. yezvinhu zvine mhando yepamusoro, iyo nzvimbo yekumisikidza uye simba rekumisikidza zvinozotarisirwa; Zvinhu zvekudziisa zvinoiswa zvakaparadzaniswa nezvinhu zvinodziya zvekupisa, uye matanho ekupisa ekudhirowa anozotariswa pazvinenge zvichidikanwa;
I Mutyairi weI / O achange ave padhuze nemucheto webhodhi rakadhindwa uye chinobuda chinobatanidza kusvika pazvinogona;
Generator Iyo jenareta yewachi (yakadai sekristaro oscillator kana wachi oscillator) ichave iri padhuze nepadiki nemuchina uchishandisa wachi;
Dec Kugadziriswa capacitor (rimwe dombo capacitor ine yakanaka yepamusoro frequency kuita inowanzo shandiswa) inowedzerwa pakati pesimba rekuisa pini yedunhu rega rakabatana uye pasi; Kana redunhu bhodhi nzvimbo iri gobvu, iyo tantalum capacitor inogona zvakare kuwedzerwa kutenderedza akati wandei akabatanidzwa macircuit.
⑦. dhodhi dhayeti (1N4148) ichawedzerwa pane relay coil;
Iyo dhizaini ichave yakaenzana, yakaoma uye yakarongeka, uye haizove pamusoro inorema kana inorema
“”
——Kunyatsotarisirwa kunodiwa
Paunenge uchiisa zvinhu, saizi chaiyo (nzvimbo uye kukwirira) kwezvinhu uye chinzvimbo pakati pezvinhu zvinofanirwa kutariswa kuverengera mashandiro emagetsi ebhodhi redunhu uye kugona nekuita kwekugadzira uye kumisikidza. Panguva imwecheteyo, pane fungidziro yekuti izvo zvataurwa pamusoro zvinogona kuratidzwa, kuiswa kwezvinhu zvinofanirwa kushandurwa nenzira kwayo kuti zviite zvakanaka uye zvakanaka. Zvinhu zvakafanana zvinofanirwa kuiswa zvakaringana Munzira imwechete, hazvigone “kupararira”.
Iyi nhanho inoenderana nemufananidzo wese webhodhi uye kuoma kweiyo wiring mune inotevera nhanho, saka isu tinofanirwa kuedza kukuru kuti tifunge nezvayo. Munguva yekumisikidzwa, yekutanga wiring inogona kuitirwa nzvimbo dzisina chokwadi uye inofungidzirwa zvizere.
Chechina: wiring.
Wiring chinhu chakakosha maitiro mune ese PCB dhizaini. Izvi zvinokanganisa zvakananga mashandiro ePBB. Mukuita kwePCB dhizaini, wiring inowanzo kuve yakakamurwa kuita matunhu matatu: yekutanga ndeye wiring, inova iyo yakakosha chinodikanwa chePCB dhizaini. Kana mitsara isina kubatana uye paine mutsetse wekubhururuka, ichave iri isina kukodzera bhodhi. Zvinogona kutaurwa kuti haisati yaziviswa. Chechipiri ndiko kugutsikana kwekuita kwemagetsi. Uyu ndiwo muyero wekuyera kana rakadhindwa redunhu bhodhi rinokodzera. Uku ndiko kunyatsogadzirisa wiring mushure meiyo wiring kuti uwane kugona kwakanaka kwemagetsi. Zvino kune runako. Kana yako wiring yakabatana, hapana nzvimbo inokanganisa mashandiro emidziyo yemagetsi, asi pakatarisa, yakavhiringidzika munguva yakapfuura, ichibatanidzwa nemavara uye ane mavara, kunyangwe kana yako magetsi mashandiro akanaka, ichiri chidimbu che marara mumaziso evamwe. Izvi zvinounza kusagadzikana kukuru kuyedza uye kugadzirisa. Wiring inofanirwa kuve yakashambidzika uye yakafanana, kwete crisscross uye isina kurongeka. Izvi zvinofanirwa kuzadzikiswa pasi pechimiro chekuona kushanda kwemagetsi uye kusangana nezvimwe zvinodiwa nemunhu, zvikasadaro kunenge kuri kusiya izvo zvekutanga. Iyi inotevera mirau inoteedzerwa panguva wiring:
Ally Kazhinji, tambo yemagetsi netambo yepasi inofanirwa kuve newaya kutanga kuverengera mashandiro emagetsi ebhodhi redunhu. Mukati meyero inobvumidzwa, hupamhi hwemagetsi uye waya yepasi inofanira kuwedzerwa zvakanyanya sezvinobvira. Zvirinani kuti iyo tambo yepasi yakafara kupfuura iyo tambo yemagetsi upamhi. Hukama hwavo ndewe: waya yepasi> simba tambo> chiratidzo chetambo. Kazhinji, iyo tambo yemutsara upamhi ndeye 0.2 ~ 0.3mm, iyo yakafara upamhi inogona kusvika 0.05 ~ 0.07mm, uye tambo yemagetsi inowanzo kuve 1.2 ~ 2.5mm. Kune iyo PCB yedunhu redhijitari, yakafara ivhu waya inogona kushandiswa kugadzira dunhu, ndiko kuti, kugadzira pasi network (ivhu redunhu reanalogog harigone kushandiswa nenzira iyi)
Ires Tambo dzine zvadzinoda zvakanyanya (senge dzakakwira-frequency mitsara) dzinozoiswa wired pamberi, uye mativi emitsara yekupedza magumo uye ekupedzisira magumo anodzivirira ari padyo akafanana kudzivisa kuratidzira kupindirana. Kana zvichidikanwa, waya yepasi ichawedzerwa kuitira kusurukirwa. Iyo wiring yezvipenga zviviri zvakatarisana ichave yakanangana kune imwe neimwe uye yakafanana, izvo zviri nyore kuburitsa hutachiona hwekubatanidza.
Shell Ganda reoscillator rinotsikirirwa pasi, uye rwonzi rwewachi ruchapfupika sezvinobvira, uye harizove kwese kwese. Pasi peiyo wachi oscillation wedunhu uye yakakosha yepamusoro-yekumhanya zvine musoro wedunhu, iyo nzvimbo yepasi inofanirwa kuwedzerwa, uye mimwe mitsara yemasaini haifanire kutorwa kuita iyo inokomberedza munda wemagetsi padhuze ne zero;
O 45o yakaputsika mutsetse wiring ichaendeswa kure sezvinobvira, uye 90o yakaputsika mutsetse wiring haizoshandiswe kudzikisira mwaranzi yeiyo yepamusoro-frequency chiratidzo
⑤ Hapana mutsara wechiratidzo uchaita chiuno. Kana zvisingadzivisike, chiuno chichava chidiki sezvinobvira; Iyo vias yemaraini mitsara ichave mashoma sezvinobvira;
Mitsetse yakakosha ichave ipfupi uye gobvu sezvinobvira, uye nzvimbo dzekudzivirira dzichawedzerwa pamativi ese maviri.
⑦ Kana uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchiona,
Points Mapoinzi ebvunzo anozochengeterwa zviratidzo zvakakosha kuti zviitise kugadzirwa, kugadzirisa uye kuona
⑨. mushure mekunge schematic wiring yapera, iyo wiring ichagadziridzwa; Panguva imwecheteyo, mushure mekutanga kweinternet kuongorora uye kuongorora kweDRC kuri kwechokwadi, zadza iyo isina wired nzvimbo netambo yepasi, shandisa nzvimbo hombe yemhangura senge tambo yepasi, uye ubatanidze nzvimbo dzisina kushandiswa nepasi pane rakadhindwa bhodhi se waya yepasi. Kana iyo inogona kugadzirwa kuita multilayer bhodhi, uye magetsi magetsi uye yepasi waya inotora imwe pasi zvakateedzana.
–—PCB wiring maitiro anodikanwa
①. mutsara
Kazhinji, iyo tambo yemutsara upamhi ndeye 0.3mm (12mil), uye tambo yemagetsi upamhi ndeye 0.77mm (30mil) kana 1.27mm (50mil); Iyo nhambwe iri pakati pemitsetse nepakati pemitsetse nemapedhi yakakura kudarika kana yakaenzana ne0.33mm (13mil). Mukushandisa kunoshanda, kana mamiriro ezvinhu achibvumidza, wedzera chinhambwe;
Kana iyo wiring density yakakwira, inogona kutariswa (asi haina kukurudzirwa) kushandisa waya mbiri pakati peIC pini. Hupamhi hwe waya i 0.254mm (10mil), uye waya spacing haina kudzika pasi pe 0.254mm (10mil). Pasi pemamiriro akakosha, kana pini dzechigadzirwa dzakakora uye hupamhi hwakatetepa, iyo linewidth uye mutsara nzvimbo inogona kuderedzwa nenzira kwayo.
②. pad
Izvo zvakakosha zvepad uye kuburikidza zvinotevera: hupamhi hwepadhi huchave hukuru kupfuura 0.6mm kupfuura yegomba; Semuenzaniso, kune yakajairika pini resistors, capacitors uye akasanganiswa maseketi, iyo diski / gomba saizi iri 1.6mm / 0.8mm (63mil / 32mil), uye iyo socket, pini uye diode 1N4007 ari 1.8mm / 1.0mm (71mil / 39mil). Mukushandisa kunoshanda, inofanirwa kutemerwa zvinoenderana nesaizi yezvinhu chaizvo. Kana zvichibvira, saizi yepad inogona kuwedzerwa zvakakodzera;
Chinhu chinosimudza mukova chakagadzirwa paPCB chinofanira kunge chiri 0.2 ~ 0.4mm yakakura kupfuura saizi chaiyo yepini yechinhu.
③. kuburikidza
Kazhinji 1.27mm / 0.7mm (50mil / 28mil);
Kana iyo wiring density yakakwira, iyo saizi saizi inogona kuderedzwa nenzira kwayo, asi haifanire kunge iri diki. 1.0mm / 0.6mm (40mil / 24mil) inogona kutariswa.
④. spacing zvinodiwa zvepad, waya uye kuburikidza
PAD uye VIA? ≥ 0.3mm (12mil)
Asi ≥ 0.3mm (12mil)
PAD uye TRACK?
≥ ≥ 0.3mm (12mil)
Kana huwandu hwacho hwakwira.
PAD uye VIA? ≥ 0.254mm (10mil)
Asi ≥ 0.254mm (10mil)
PAD uye TRACK? 0.254mm (10mil)
MAMWE MAZWI ≥? 0.254mm (10mil)
Chechipiri: wiring optimization uye silika screen yekudhinda.
“Hapana chakanaka, zvirinani chete”! Kunyangwe ukaedza zvakaoma sei kugadzira, kana iwe wapedza kupenda, iwe ucharamba uchinzwa kuti nzvimbo zhinji dzinogona kuchinjwa. Izvo zvakajairika dhizaini ndeyekuti iyo nguva yekukwirisa iyo wiring yakapetwa kaviri pane yekutanga tambo. Mushure mekunzwa kuti hapana chekugadzirisa, unogona kuisa mhangura (nzvimbo -> polygon ndege). Mhangura inowanzoiswa netambo yepasi (teerera kupatsanurwa kweanalogog pasi uye nedhijitari pasi), uye magetsi anogona kuiswawo pakuisa multilayer mabhodhi. Zve silk skrini yekudhinda, teerera kuti isavharwe nemidziyo kana kubviswa ne vias nemapads. Panguva imwecheteyo, dhizaini inofanirwa kutarisana nepamusoro pechinhu, uye mazwi ari pazasi anofanirwa kuverengerwa kuti asavhiringidza rukoko.
Chechitanhatu: network uye DRC kuongorora uye chimiro kuongorora.
Chekutanga, pane fungidziro yekuti redunhu dhizaini dhizaini, tarisa hukama hwepanyama pakati peyakagadzirwa pcb network faira uye nesystem network faira, uye nekukasika gadzirisa dhizaini zvinoenderana neinobuda faira mhedzisiro yekuona iko iko kwehukama hwekubatana hukama ;
Mushure mekutarisa cheki kupasa nenzira kwayo, DRC tarisa iyo PCB dhizaini, uye gadzirisa dhizaini munguva zvinoenderana neyekubuda faira mhedzisiro kuverengera magetsi kuita kwePCB wiring. The zvemaziso kugadzwa mamiriro pcb anofanira mberi akaongorora uye akasimbisa pashure.
Chechinomwe: kugadzira ndiro.
Izvo zvisati zvaitika, panofanirwa kuve neyakaongororwa maitiro.
Pcb dhizaini muyedzo wepfungwa. Chero ani ane dense pfungwa uye akakwirira ruzivo, iro rakagadzirwa bhodhi rakanaka. Naizvozvo, isu tinofanirwa kuve vanongwarira zvakanyanya mukugadzirwa, tichinyatso tarisa zvakasiyana zvinhu (semuenzaniso, vanhu vazhinji havafungi iko nyore kwekuchengetedza uye kuongorora), ramba uchivandudza, uye isu tichakwanisa kugadzira bhodhi rakanaka.