Iri bepa rinotarisa pane iyo PCB vagadziri vachishandisa IP, uye nekuwedzera vachishandisa topology kuronga uye nzira dzekushandisa kutsigira IP, nekukurumidza kupedzisa iyo pcb dhizaini. Sezvauri kuona kubva kuMufananidzo 1, dhizaini wekugadzira ndeyekuwana iyo IP nekuisa padiki diki yezvinhu zvinodiwa uye kuronga nzira dzakakosha dzekubatanidza pakati padzo. Kana iyo IP yawanikwa, iyo IP ruzivo inogona kupihwa kune vePCB vagadziri vanoita zvimwe zvese zvekugadzira.

Vanogadzira PCB vanogona sei kushandisa topology kuronga uye wiring maturusi kuti akurumidze kupedzisa PCB dhizaini

Mufananidzo 1: Vanogadzira mainjiniya vanowana IP, vagadziri vePCB vanowedzera kushandisa topology kuronga uye wiring maturusi ekutsigira IP, nekukurumidza kupedzisa iyo pcb dhizaini.

Panzvimbo pekufamba nenzira yekudyidzana uye iteration pakati peanogadzira mainjiniya uye vagadziri vePCB kuwana chaiyo dhizaini dhizaini, mainjiniya ekugadzira anotowana ruzivo urwu uye mhedzisiro yacho yakatwasuka, izvo zvinobatsira vagadziri vePCB zvakanyanya. Mune akawanda magadzirirwo, mainjiniya ekugadzira uye vagadziri vePCB vanoita kudyidzana dhizaini uye wiring, iyo inoshandisa yakakosha nguva kumativi ese maviri. Nhoroondo, kudyidzana kunokosha, asi kunotora nguva uye kusingashandi. Iyo yekutanga chirongwa yakapihwa neyakugadzira mainjiniya anogona kungori echinyorwa dhizaini isina akakodzera zvinhu, bhazi upamhi, kana pini kuburitsa cues.

Nepo mainjiniya vachishandisa matekinoroji ekuronga matopiki vanogona kutora maratidziro nekubatana kwezvimwe zvinhu sezvo vagadziri vePCB vanobatanidzwa mukugadzirwa, dhizaini ingangoda kurongedzwa kwezvimwe zvinhu, kutora zvimwe zvimiro zveIO nemabhazi, nekubatana kwese.

Vagadziri vePCB vanofanirwa kutora kuronga kwetopiki uye nekudyidzana nezvakarongedzwa uye zvisina kuvharwa zvinhu kuti vabudirire zvakakwana dhizaini nekudyidzana kuronga, nokudaro nekuvandudza pcb dhizaini.

Mushure mokunge nzvimbo dzakakomba uye dzakakwirisa dzakarongedzwa uye kuronga kwetopiki kwawanikwa, marongero anogona kupedzwa pasati pari kuronga kwekupedzisira kwetopiki. Naizvozvo, dzimwe nzira dzetopiki dzinogona kushanda negadziriro iripo. Kunyangwe ivo vari ekukosha kwakadzika, ivo vachiri kuda kuve nehukama. Nekudaro chikamu chekuronga chakagadzirwa chakatenderedza dhizaini yezvinhu. Pamusoro pezvo, iri danho rekuronga rinogona kuda rumwe ruzivo kuti ripe pekutanga kukosha kune mamwe masaini.

Yakadzama kuronga topology

Mufananidzo 2 unoratidza kurongeka kwakadzama kwezvinhu izvo mushure mekuiswa. Bhazi rine gumi nematanhatu mabhendi, uye iwo ane rakanyatsorongeka-rakaringana chiratidzo kuyerera.

Vanogadzira PCB vanogona sei kushandisa topology kuronga uye wiring maturusi kuti akurumidze kupedzisa PCB dhizaini

Mufananidzo 2: Network mitsara yemabhazi aya mhedzisiro yekuronga topology uye dhizaini ine yepamusoro soro.

Kuti uronge bhazi iri, vagadziri vePCB vanofanirwa kufunga nezvezvipingamupinyi zviripo, mitemo yekugadzira dhayeti, nezvimwe zvinonetsa. Nemamiriro ezvinhu aya mupfungwa, vakagadzira nzira yetopiki yebhazi sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo 3.

Vanogadzira PCB vanogona sei kushandisa topology kuronga uye wiring maturusi kuti akurumidze kupedzisa PCB dhizaini

Mufananidzo 3: Bhazi rakarongwa.

Mumufananidzo 3, tsananguro “1” inoisa mapini echikamu pamusoro pe “red” yeiyo topological nzira inotungamira kubva kuchikamu pini kusvika kune zvakadzama “2”. Iyo isina kuvharirwa nzvimbo inoshandiswa kune ino chikamu, uye chete yekutanga dura ndiyo inozivikanwa seye cabling rukoko. Izvi zvinoita sezviri pachena kubva pane dhizaini yekuona, uye iyo algorithm yekufambisa ichashandisa nzira yepamusoro neyepamusoro yepamusoro yakabatana kune tsvuku. Nekudaro, zvimwe zvipingamupinyi zvinogona kupa iyo algorithm nedzimwe sarudzo dzekutenderera nzira isati yangoerekana yagadzirisa iyi chaiyo bhazi.

Sezvo bhazi rakarongedzwa kuita zvisungo zvine simba pane yekutanga dara, dhizaina anotanga kuronga shanduko kuenda kune yetatu rukanda zvakadzama 3, tichifunga nezve daro iro bhazi rinofamba nepakati pese pcb. Ziva kuti iyi nzira yekutenderera padanho rechitatu yakafara kupfuura iyo yepamusoro dhizaini nekuda kwenzvimbo yekuwedzera inodiwa kugadzirisa impedance. Uye zvakare, dhizaini inotsanangudza nzvimbo chaiyo (maburi gumi nemanomwe) yeshanduko yekutendeuka.

Sezvo nzira yetopiki inoteera kurudyi-pakati chikamu cheMufananidzo 3 kune zvakadzama “4”, akawanda ma-single-bit T-akaumbwa majoini anofanirwa kutorwa kubva kumatopiki nzira yekubatanidza uye yega chinhu mapini. Sarudzo yemugadziri wePcBB ndeyekuchengetedza kwakawanda kwekubuda kuyerera pane yakaturikidzana 3 uye kuburikidza kune mamwe matanda ekubatanidza zvikamu pini. Saka vakadhonza nzvimbo yetopiki kuratidza kubatana kubva kune hombe bundle kusvika kune yakaturikidzana 4 (pink), uye vaine aya mabhii-akafanana T-akasangana akabatana necheta 2 uyezve obatana kune mapini echishandiso achishandisa zvimwe kuburikidza-maburi.

Nzira dze topological dzinoenderera padanho rechitatu kune zvakadzama “3” kubatanidza zvinoshanda. Aya mahukama anobva abatanidzwa kubva pamapini anoshanda kuenda kune yekudhonza-pasi resistor pazasi pechinhu chinoshanda. Mugadziri anoshandisa imwe nzvimbo yetopiki kugadzirisa kubatana kubva padanho rechitatu kusvika pakaturikidzana 3, panopatsanurwa pini dzechikamu kuva zvishandiso zvinoshanda uye zvinodzora-zvinodzivisa.

Iyi nhanho yekuronga kwakadzama yakatora anenge makumi matatu masekonzi kuti apedze. Kana chirongwa ichi changobatwa, mugadziri wePCBB angangoda kuendesa nenzira nekukurumidza kana kugadzira mamwe marongero ezve topology, uyezve opedzisa zvese zvirongwa zve topology ne otomatiki nzira. Asingasviki masekondi gumi kubva pakupera kwekuronga kusvika pamhedzisiro yewotomatiki wiring. Iko kumhanya hakune basa, uyezve iko kutambisa nguva kana zvinangwa zvemugadziri zvikasateererwa uye otomatiki wiring mhando iri murombo. Iyi inotevera madhiagiramu inoratidza mhedzisiro ye otomatiki wiring.

Topology Routing

Kutanga kumusoro kuruboshwe, tambo dzese kubva pazvinhu zvepini zviripo padanho rekutanga, sezvakaratidzirwa nemugadziri, uye rakamanikidzwa kuita rakasimba bhazi chimiro, sezvakaratidzwa muDudziro “1” uye “1” muMufananidzo 2. Shanduko iri pakati pegumi 1 uye nhanho 3 inoitika zvakadzama “3” uye inotora chimiro cheyakanyanya-yekudyara nzvimbo-kuburikidza-gomba. Zvekare, iyo impedance chinhu inozotorwa mukufungwa, saka mitsara yakafara uye yakapatsanurwa, sekumiririrwa nenzira chaiyo yeupamhi.

Vanogadzira PCB vanogona sei kushandisa topology kuronga uye wiring maturusi kuti akurumidze kupedzisa PCB dhizaini

Mufananidzo 4: Mhedzisiro yekutenderera netopiki 1 uye 3.

Sezvinoratidzwa zvakadzama “4” muMufananidzo 5, iyo topology nzira inova hombe nekuda kwekuda kwekushandisa maburi kugadzirisa imwechete-bit T-mhando mharadzano. Pano chirongwa zvakare chinoratidzira chinangwa chemugadziri weiyi imwechete-bit T-mhando mapoinzi ekuchinjana, wiring kubva pamatanho 3 kusvika kune mana 4. Uye zvakare, iyo trace pane yechitatu denderedzwa yakasimba kwazvo, kunyangwe ichiwedzera zvishoma pane iyo yekuisa gomba, inokurumidza kusimudza zvakare mushure mekupfuura gomba.

Vanogadzira PCB vanogona sei kushandisa topology kuronga uye wiring maturusi kuti akurumidze kupedzisa PCB dhizaini

Mufananidzo 5: Mhedzisiro yekutenderera nehunyanzvi 4 topology.

Mufananidzo 6 unoratidza mhedzisiro ye otomatiki wiring zvakadzama “5”. Anoshanda echishongedzo ekubatanidza padanho rechitatu inoda kushandurwa kuita rukoko 3. Iwo-maburi akarongedzwa zvakatsetseka pamusoro pechinhu pini, uye rukoko 1 waya yakabatana kune chinoshanda chinhu kutanga uyezve kune iyo dura 1 dhonza-pasi resistor.

Vanogadzira PCB vanogona sei kushandisa topology kuronga uye wiring maturusi kuti akurumidze kupedzisa PCB dhizaini

Mufananidzo 6: Mhedzisiro yekutenderera nehunyanzvi 5 topology.

Mhedziso yemuenzaniso uri pamusoro ndewekuti mabhii gumi nematanhatu akatsanangurwa mumhando ina dzakasiyana dzemidziyo, inomiririra dhizaini yemugadziri wegadziriro uye nzira nzira, iyo inogona kutorwa mumasekondi angangoita makumi matatu. Ipapo mhando yepamusoro otomatiki wiring inogona kuitwa, nguva inodiwa ingangoita gumi masekonzi.

Nokusimudza nhanho yekubvisa kubva kune wiring kusvika pakuronga kwetopiki, iyo yakazara nguva yekubatanidza yakaderedzwa zvakanyanya, uye vagadziri vane nzwisiso yakajeka yehuwandu uye mukana wekupedzisa dhizaini kusati kwatanga kubatana, senge nei uchifanira kuramba uine wiring panguva ino mu magadzirirwo acho? Wadii kuenda kumberi nekuronga uye wedzera wiring kumashure? Ko topology izere icharongwa riini? Kana iwo muenzaniso wepamusoro uchifungidzirwa, kubviswa kweimwe chirongwa kunogona kushandiswa nehumwe hurongwa kwete ne17 dzakaparadzaniswa manetwork ane akawanda mitsara zvikamu uye akawanda maburi mune yega yega network, zano iro rinonyanya kukosha kana uchifunga nezveEngineji Shanduko Order (ECO) .

Injiniya Shanduko Order (ECO)

Mune inotevera muenzaniso, iyo FPGA pini kuburitsa haina kukwana. Iwo mainjiniya ekugadzira akaudza ivo PCB vagadziri veichi chokwadi, asi nekuda kwezvirongwa zvehurongwa, ivo vanofanirwa kufambisira mberi dhizaini sezvinobvira pasati pabuda FPGA pini.

Panyaya yekuzivikanwa kwepini kuburitsa, pcb dhizaini inotanga kuronga iyo FPGA nzvimbo, uye panguva imwecheteyo, iyo dhizaini inofanirwa kufunga nezve zvinotungamira kubva kune mamwe madhijitari kuenda kuFPGA. IO yanga yakarongerwa kuve kurudyi kweiyo FPGA, asi ikozvino iri kuruboshwe rweiyo FPGA, zvichikonzera kuburitswa kwepini kuve kwakasiyana zvachose nehurongwa hwepakutanga. Nekuti vagadziri vanoshanda padanho repamusoro rekubvisa, vanogona kugadzirisa shanduko idzi nekubvisa pamusoro pekutamisa tambo dzese dzakatenderedza FPGA uye nekuitsiva netopiki nzira yekugadzirisa.

Zvisinei, hazvisi zveFPGas chete zvinokanganiswa; Izvi zvitsva zvinobuda pini zvinokanganisa zvakare zvinotungamira zvinobuda mumidziyo inoenderana. Kupera kwenzira inofambawo kuitira kuti igare yakadzika-yakavharirwa nzira yekupinda inotungamira; Zvikasadaro, tambo dzakamonyoroka-mbiri dzinogona kumonyaniswa, kutambisa nzvimbo yakakosha pane yakakwira-density PCB. Kumonyorora mabiti aya kunoda imwe nzvimbo yekuwedzera wiring uye zvigadzirwa, izvo zvingangodaro zvisina kusangana pamagumo echikamu chekugadzira. Dai hurongwa hwaive hwakasimba, zvaisazokwanisika kugadzirisa zvakadaro munzira dzese idzi. Iyo poindi ndeyekuti kuronga kwetopiki kunopa mwero wepamusoro wekubvisa, saka kuitisa aya maECO kuri nyore kwazvo.

Iyo otomatiki yekufambisa algorithm iyo inoteera dhizaini yemugadziri inoisa yakakoshesa mhando pane yekutanga kukosha. Kana dambudziko rehunhu rikaonekwa, zvakanaka kurega kubatana kuchikundikana pane kuburitsa wiring yemhando yepamusoro, nekuda kwezvikonzero zviviri. Kutanga, zviri nyore kubatanidza chinokundikana kubatana pane kuchenesa iyi wiring ine yakaipa mhedzisiro uye mamwe mabasa ewiring ayo anogadzira wiring. Chechipiri, chinangwa chemugadziri chinoitwa uye dhizaini anosara kuti aone mhando yekubatana. Nekudaro, aya mazano anobatsira chete kana kubatana kweakundikana wiring kuri nyore uye kunoitwa munzvimbo.

Muenzaniso wakanaka kutadza kwetambo kuita zana remazana akarongwa. Panzvimbo yekubaira mhando, tendera kumwe kuronga kutadza, uchisiya imwe isina kubatana wiring kumashure. Tambo dzese dzinoendeswa nekuronga topology, asi hadzisi dzese dzinotungamira kune mapini echinhu. Izvi zvinoona kuti pane nzvimbo yekutadza kubatana uye zvinopa kubatana kuri nyore.

Ichi chinyorwa pfupiso

Topology kuronga chishandiso chinoshanda nedhijitari yakaratidzirwa pcb dhizaini dhizaini uye inowanikwa nyore kune ekugadzira mainjiniya, asi zvakare ine yakasarudzika nzvimbo, dura, uye kubatana kuyerera kugona kune akaomarara kuronga kufunga. Vagadziri vePCB vanogona kushandisa topology kuronga chishandiso pakutanga kwekugadzira kana mushure mekugadzirwa kweinjiniya kuwana IP yavo, zvinoenderana nekuti ndiani arikushandisa chishandiso ichi chinokodzera kunyatso gadzira yavo dhizaini nharaunda.

Topology cablers inongoteedzera chirongwa chemugadziri kana chinangwa chekupa yakakwira mhando kabling mhedzisiro. Kuronga kweTopology, kana yakatarisana neECO, inokurumidza kushanda pane kubatana kwakabatana, nokudaro ichigonesa iyo topology cabler kutora ECO nekukurumidza, ichipa mhedzisiro uye yakajeka mhedzisiro.