Iko kukosha kwePCB mutsara upamhi muPCB dhizaini

Chii chinonzi mutsetse upamhi?

Ngatitangei nezvinokosha. Chii chaizvo chiri trace upamhi? Nei zvichikosha kudoma yakatarwa yekurebesa upamhi? Chinangwa che PCB wiring ndeyekubatanidza chero mhando yemagetsi chiratidzo (analoginhi, dijitari kana simba) kubva kune imwe node kuenda kune imwe.

Node inogona kuva pini yechimwe chinhu, bazi rerondedzero hombe kana ndege, kana padhi isina chinhu kana poindi yekuyedza. Tsvaga hupamhi hunowanzo kuyerwa mumamil kana zviuru zvemasentimita. Yakajairwa wiring upamhi hwezviratidzo zvakajairwa (hapana chakakosha zvinodiwa) inogona kunge iri akati wandei pakureba mu7-12 mils renji, asi zvinhu zvakawanda zvinofanirwa kutariswa kana uchitsanangura wiring upamhi uye kureba.

ipcb

Iko kushandiswa kunowanzo fambisa iyo wiring upamhi uye wiring mhando muPCB dhizaini uye, pane imwe nguva, kazhinji zviyero pcb yekugadzira mutengo, bhodhi density / saizi, uye mashandiro. Kana iro bhodhi riine zvakasarudzika dhizaini dhizaini, sekumhanyisa optimization, ruzha kana kubatanidza kudzvanyirira, kana yakakwira yazvino / magetsi, hupamhi uye mhando yeronda inogona kuve yakakosha pane kugadzirisa iyo yekugadzira mutengo weiyo isina PCB kana iyo yakazara bhodhi saizi.

Tsananguro ine chekuita newiring muPBB yekugadzira

Typically, the following specifications related to wiring begin to increase the cost of manufacturing bare PCB.

Yakakwira-simbi dhizaini inosanganisa pcb nzvimbo yekutora, senge yakanyatsoparadzaniswa BGA kana yakakwira chiratidzo kuverenga mabhazi akafanana, ingangoda mutsetse upamhi hwe2.5 mil, pamwe nemhando dzakasarudzika dze-kuburikidza-maburi ane dhayamita anosvika 6 mil, akadai se laser yakaboora microthrough-maburi. Zvakare, mamwe emagetsi-emhando dhizaini angangoda wiring yakakura kwazvo kana ndege, ichidya materu ese uye ichidururira maiza ayo ari mukobvu kupfuura mureza. Mukushandisa kwakamanikidzwa-nenzvimbo, mahwendefa matete kwazvo ane zvidimbu zvakati wandei nehuremu hwemhangura hwekukanda hwehafu yehafu (0.7 mil ukobvu) hungangodiwa.

Mune zvimwe zviitiko, dhizaini yekumhanya-mhanya kutaurirana kubva kune imwe peripheral kune imwe ingangoda wiring ine inodzorwa impedance uye yakatarwa hupamhi uye nzvimbo pakati peumwe kudzikisira kuratidzira uye inductive coupling. Kana dhizaini yacho ingangoda hurefu kuti ifananidze mamwe ma sign akakodzera mubhazi. Mahombekombe emagetsi anoshanda anoda mamwe machengetedzo maficha, sekuderedza kureba pakati pezviratidzo zviviri zvakasiyana zvekudzivirira arcing. Zvisinei nehunhu kana maficha, kutsvaga tsananguro kwakakosha, saka ngationgororei akasiyana mafomu.

Yakasiyana-siyana wiring upamhi uye ukobvu

PCBS typically contain a variety of line widths, as they depend on signal requirements. Iwo akanakisa maratidziro akaratidzirwa ndeavo chaiwo-echinangwa TTL (transistor-transistor logic) mwero masigineti uye haana zvido zvakakosha zvekukwirira kwazvino kana kwekudzivirira ruzha.

Aya ndiwo angave akajairika wiring mhando pabhodhi.

Wicker wiring yakagadziridzwa kuitisa kwazvino kutakura huremu uye inogona kushandiswa kune zvinokamhina kana zvine chekuita nemagetsi zvinoda simba rakakwira, senge mafeni, mota, uye simba remagetsi rinowedzererwa kuenda kuzvikamu zvepasi-zvepasi. Iyo yekumusoro chikamu chekuruboshwe chemufananidzo chinotaridza chiratidzo chekusiyanisa (USB yakakwira-kumhanya) iyo inotsanangura chakatarisana nzvimbo uye hupamhi kuzadzisa iyo impedance inodiwa ye90 ω. Mufananidzo 2 unoratidza denser redunhu bhodhi ine maratanhatu uye inoda BGA (bhora grid array) gungano rinoda wiring yakanyatsonaka.

Maitiro ekuverenga pcb mutsara upamhi?

Ngatipfuurei mukati mehurongwa hwekuverenga imwe trace upamhi yechiratidzo chemagetsi chinotamisa chazvino kubva kuchinhu chemagetsi kuenda kuchinhu chekumusoro. Mumuenzaniso uyu, isu tichaverenga hushoma mutsetse upamhi hwesimba nzira yemota DC. Iyo nzira yemagetsi inotangira pane fiyuzi, inoyambuka H-bhiriji (chinhu chinoshandiswa kugadzirisa kufambisa kwesimba mhiri kweDC mota mamhepo), uye inoguma pane chinobatanidza mota. Ivhareji inoenderera inoenderana neazvino inodiwa neDC mota ndeye ma2 amperes.

Ikozvino, pcb wiring inoshanda seanodzivisa, uye iyo yakareba uye yakamanikana iyo wiring, iko kuramba kuramba kunowedzerwa. Kana iyo wiring ikasatsanangurwa nemazvo, iyo yepamusoro yazvino inogona kukuvadza wiring uye / kana kukonzera yakakosha magetsi kudonha kumota (zvichikonzera kuderedzwa kumhanya). Kana tikatora mamwe mamiriro akajairwa, senge 1 ounce yekudira kwemhangura uye tembiricha yemukamuri panguva yekuita kwese, tinofanirwa kuverenga hupamhi hwemitsara uye kudonha kunotarisirwa kwakadzikira pahupamhi.

Pcb tambo kutsemura uye kureba

Zvekugadzirwa kwedhijitari zvine kumhanya-mhanya kutaurirana, kupatsanura kwakatarisana uye kureba urefu kunogona kudikanwa kudzikisa crosstalk, coupling, uye kuratidza. Nechinangwa ichi, mamwe maitiro anowanzoitwa anove USB-based serial kusiyanisa masaini uye RAM-based yakafanana misiyano masaini. Kazhinji, USB 2.0 ichada kusiyanisa nzira pa480Mbit / s (USB yakakwira kirasi kirasi) kana yakakwira. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti yakakwira-mhanyisa USB inowanzo shanda pamatanho akadzika kwazvo uye misiyano, ichiunza huwandu hwesekero padhuze neruzha rwemashure.

Pane zvinhu zvitatu zvakakosha zvekutarisa kana uchifambisa -kumhanyisa tambo dze USB: waya upamhi, nzvimbo yekutungamira, uye tambo kureba.

Zvese izvi zvakakosha, asi chakanyanya kutsoropodza chevatatu ndechekuita chokwadi chekuti hurefu hwemitsetse miviri hunoenderana zvakanyanya sezvinobvira. As a general rule of thumb, if the lengths of the cables differ from each other by no more than 50 mils, this significantly increases the risk of reflection, which may result in poor communication. 90 ohm inoenderana impedance inguva yakajairwa yekusiyanisa vaviri wiring. Kuti uwane ichi chinangwa, kufambisa kunofanirwa kukwidziridzwa muhupamhi uye nzvimbo.

Mufananidzo 5 unoratidza muenzaniso weakasiyana mapaipi ewiring yakakwira-mhanya USB maficha ane gumi nemaviri emamirimita wiring mumatanho gumi nemashanu.

Interfaces for memory-based components that contain parallel interfaces will be more constrained in terms of wire length. Mazhinji epamusoro-magumo pcb dhizaini software ichave nehurefu gadziriso kugona iyo inokwenenzvera urefu hwemutsara kuti ienzane nemasaini ese akakodzera mune yakafanana bhazi. Mufananidzo 6 inoratidza muenzaniso weiyo DDR3 dhizaini nehurefu hwekugadzirisa wiring.

Zvisaririra uye ndege dzekuzadza pasi

Zvimwe zvekushandisa zvine zvinhu zvinonzwika zvine ruzha, zvakaita semachipisi asina waya kana maantenna, zvingangoda kuchengetedzwa zvishoma. Kugadzira wiring uye ndege dzine maburi epasi akasungirirwa anogona kubatsira zvakanyanya kudzikisira kubatanidza wiring iri padyo kana kunhonga ndege uye nezviratidzo-zvebhodhi zvinokambaira zvichipinda mumakona ebhodhi.

Figure 7 shows an example of a Bluetooth module placed near the edge of the plate, with its antenna outside a thick line containing embedded through-holes connected to the ground formation. Izvi zvinobatsira kupatsanura kanyanga kubva kune mamwe epabhodhi maseketi uye ndege.

This alternative method of routing through the ground can be used to protect the board circuit from external off-board wireless signals. Mufananidzo 8 inoratidza ruzha-inonzwisisika pcb ine pasi yakavhurika nepakati-gomba rakadzika midzi padivi pebhodhi.

Maitiro akanakisa ePCB wiring

Zvinhu zvakawanda zvinotarisa wiring hunhu hwePCB munda, saka ive shuwa yekutevera akanakisa maitiro kana uchinge wiring yako inotevera PCB, uye iwe unowana chiyero pakati pcbb Fab mutengo, wedunhu density, uye kuita kwese.