PCB mabda’a qaabaynta lakabka naqshadaynta dahaadhay iyo qaab-dhismeedka la daboolay ee caadiga ah

Kahor naqshadeynta PCB multilayer guddiga, naqshadeeyuhu wuxuu u baahan yahay inuu marka hore go’aamiyo qaab dhismeedka guddiga wareegga loo isticmaalo iyadoo loo eegayo miisaanka wareegga, cabbirka guddiga wareegga iyo shuruudaha ku habboonaanta korantada (EMC), taas oo ah, si loo go’aamiyo in la isticmaalo 4 lakab, lakabyo 6, ama lakabyo badan oo looxyada wareegga . Kadib go’aaminta tirada lakabyada, go’aami meesha la dhigo lakabyada korantada gudaha iyo sida loo qaybiyo calaamadaha kala duwan ee lakabyadan. Tani waa doorashada qaab dhismeedka xidhmooyin badan oo PCB ah.

ipcb

Qaab dhismeedka dahaaran waa arrin muhiim ah oo saameeya waxqabadka EMC ee guddiyada PCB, sidoo kale waa hab muhiim ah oo lagu xakameynayo faragelinta korantada. Maqaalkani waxa uu soo bandhigayaa nuxurka la xidhiidha qaab dhismeedka guddiga PCB-ga badan.

Ka dib markii la go’aamiyo tirada xoogga, dhulka iyo lakabyada calaamadaha, habaynta qaraabada ah ee iyaga ah waa mawduuc uusan injineer kasta oo PCB ah iska ilaalin karin;

Mabda’a guud ee habaynta lakabka:

1. Si loo go’aamiyo qaabka dahaaran ee guddiga PCB-ga badan, arrimo badan ayaa loo baahan yahay in la tixgeliyo. Marka loo eego dhinaca fiilooyinka, lakabyada badan, ayaa ka sii fiicnaanaya fiilooyinka, laakiin kharashka iyo dhibka wax soo saarka guddiga ayaa sidoo kale kordhin doona. Soo-saareyaasha, haddii qaab-dhismeedka la-saaray uu yahay mid simmetrical ah ama haddii kale waa diiradda u baahan in fiiro gaar ah loo yeesho marka looxyada PCB la soo saaro, sidaas darteed doorashada tirada lakabyada waxay u baahan tahay inay tixgeliso baahiyaha dhammaan dhinacyada si loo gaaro dheelitirka ugu fiican. Nashqadayaasha khibrada leh, ka dib marka ay dhamaystiraan qaabka hore ee qaybaha, waxay diiradda saari doonaan falanqaynta fiilooyinka PCB. Ku dar qalabka kale ee EDA si loo falanqeeyo cufnaanta fiilooyinka ee guddiga wareegga; ka dibna ku dheji tirada iyo noocyada xadhkaha calaamadaha leh shuruudaha fiilooyinka gaarka ah, sida khadadka kala duwan, xadhkaha calaamadaha xasaasiga ah, iwm., si loo go’aamiyo tirada lakabyada calaamadaha; ka dibna iyadoo loo eegayo nooca korontada, go’doominta iyo ka-hortagga faragelinta Shuruudaha lagu go’aamiyo tirada lakabyada korantada gudaha. Sidan oo kale, tirada lakabyada guddiga wareegga oo dhan ayaa asal ahaan la go’aamiyaa.

2. Qeybta hoose ee qaybta (lakabka labaad) waa diyaaradda dhulka, taas oo bixisa lakabka ilaalinta qalabka iyo diyaaradda tixraaca ee fiilooyinka sare; lakabka calaamadaha xasaasiga ah waa inuu ku dheggan yahay lakabka korantada gudaha (lakabka awoodda gudaha / lakabka dhulka), adoo isticmaalaya lakabka weyn ee korantada gudaha filimka Copper si uu u bixiyo gaashaanka lakabka calaamadaha. Lakabka gudbinta ishaarada xawaaraha sare ee wareeggu waa inuu noqdaa lakab dhexdhexaad ah oo calaamad ah oo la dhex dhigo laba lakab oo koronto oo gudaha ah. Sidan oo kale, filimka naxaasta ah ee labada lakab ee korantada gudaha ah ayaa ku siin kara gaashaanka korantada ee gudbinta xawaaraha sare, isla mar ahaantaana, waxay si wax ku ool ah u xaddidi kartaa shucaaca xawaaraha sare ee u dhexeeya labada lakab ee korantada gudaha iyada oo aan la keenin. faragelin dibadeed.

3. Dhammaan lakabyada calaamaduhu waxay sida ugu macquulsan ugu dhow yihiin diyaaradda dhulka;

4. Isku day inaad iska ilaaliso laba lakab oo calaamad ah oo si toos ah isugu xiga; Way fududahay in la soo bandhigo isdhaafsiga u dhexeeya lakabyada calaamadaha ku xiga, taas oo keentay fashilka shaqada wareegga. Ku darida diyaaradda dhulka ee u dhaxaysa labada lakab ee calaamaduhu waxay si wax ku ool ah uga fogaan kartaa isdhaafsiga.

5. Isha ugu weyn ee tamarta ayaa ah sida ugu dhow ee suurtogalka ah si u dhiganta;

6. Tixgeli summaynta qaab dhismeedka dahaadhka ah.

7. Qaabka lakabka Motherboard-ka, way ku adag tahay Motherboard-yada jira inay xakameeyaan fiilooyinka fog-fog ee barbar socda. Inta jeer ee hawlgalka heerka guddiga ee ka sarreeya 50MHZ (tixraac xaaladda ka hooseeya 50MHZ, fadlan si habboon u naso), waxaa lagu talinayaa in la habeeyo mabda’a:

dusha sare ee ka kooban iyo dusha alxanka waa diyaarad dhamaystiran oo dhulka ah (gaaasha);Lakabyada fiilooyinka barbar socda ma jiraan;Dhammaan lakabyada calaamaduhu waxay u dhow yihiin sida suurtogalka ah diyaaradda dhulka;

Calaamadda furuhu waxay ku dheggan tahay dhulka oo kama tallaabin qaybta.

Fiiro gaar ah: Markaad dejinayso lakabyada PCB ee gaarka ah, mabaadi’da kor ku xusan waa in si dabacsanaani loo habeeyay. Iyada oo ku saleysan fahamka mabaadi’da kor ku xusan, sida waafaqsan shuruudaha dhabta ah ee guddiga hal, sida: haddii lakabka fiilooyinka muhiimka ah, korontada, qaybinta diyaaradda dhulka loo baahan yahay, iwm., Go’aami habaynta lakabyada, oo ha’ si bareer ah u koobiyee, ama ku hay.

8. Lakabyo koronto oo gudaha ah oo badan oo salka ku haya ayaa si wax ku ool ah u dhimi kara xannibaadda dhulka. Tusaale ahaan, lakabka calaamadaha A iyo lakabka calaamada B waxay isticmaalaan diyaarado dhulka ah oo kala duwan, taas oo si wax ku ool ah u yareyn karta faragelinta qaabka caadiga ah.

Qaab dhismeedka lakabka ah ee inta badan la isticmaalo: looxa 4-lakabka ah

Kuwan soo socdaa waxay isticmaalayaan tusaale guddi 4-lakab ah si ay u muujiyaan sida loo wanaajin karo habaynta iyo isku dhafka qaabab kala duwan oo dahaaran.

Looxyada 4-lakabka ah ee sida caadiga ah loo isticmaalo, waxaa jira hababka soo socda ee is-dul-saarista (laga bilaabo kor ilaa hoos).

(1) Siganl_1 (sare), GND (Gudaha_1), AWOODDA (Gudaha_2), Siganl_2 (Bottom).

(2) Siganl_1 (sare), AWOODDA (Gudaha_1), GND (Gudaha_2), Siganl_2 (Bottom).

(3) AWOODDA (sare), Siganl_1 (Gudaha_1), GND (Gudaha_2), Siganl_2 (Bottom).

Sida iska cad, Xulashada 3 waxa ka maqan isku xidhka waxtarka leh ee u dhexeeya lakabka korantada iyo lakabka dhulka mana aha in la qaato.

Haddaba sidee loo dooran karaa doorashada 1 iyo 2?

Xaaladaha caadiga ah, naqshadeeyayaasha ayaa dooran doona ikhtiyaarka 1 sida qaab dhismeedka guddiga 4-lakabka. Sababta doorashadu maaha in ikhtiyaarka 2 aan la qaadan karin, laakiin in guddiga PCB-ga guud ay dhigaan qaybo ka mid ah lakabka sare, sidaas darteed waxaa habboon in la qaato Xulashada 1.

Laakiin marka qaybaha loo baahan yahay in la dhigo labada lakab ee sare iyo hoose, iyo dhumucda dielectric ee u dhexeeya lakabka awoodda gudaha iyo lakabka dhulka waa weyn yahay oo isku-xidhka ayaa liita, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in la tixgeliyo lakabka leh xargaha calaamadaha yar. Xulashada 1, waxaa jira xadhkaha calaamadaha yar ee lakabka hoose, iyo filim naxaas ah oo ballaaran ayaa loo isticmaali karaa in lagu dhejiyo lakabka AWOODDA; lid ku ah, haddii qaybaha inta badan lagu habeeyay lakabka hoose, Xulashada 2 waa in loo adeegsadaa si loo sameeyo guddiga.

Haddii qaab-dhismeed la daboolay la qaato, lakabka awoodda iyo lakabka dhulka ayaa mar hore la isku daray. Iyadoo la tixgelinayo shuruudaha simmetry, nidaamka 1 ayaa guud ahaan la qaatay.

6-lakabka looxa

Ka dib marka la dhamaystiro falanqaynta qaabka la daboolay ee guddiga 4-lakabka ah, kuwan soo socda ayaa isticmaalaya tusaale ahaan isku dhafka guddiga 6-lakabka si ay u muujiyaan habaynta iyo isku dhafka guddiga 6-lakabka ah iyo habka la door bidayo.

(1) Siganl_1 (Sare), GND (Gudaha_1), Siganl_2 (Gudaha_2), Siganl_3 (Gudaha_3), Awood (Gudaha_4), Siganl_4 (Bottom).

Xalka 1 wuxuu isticmaalaa lakabyada calaamadaha 4 iyo 2 lakabka awoodda gudaha / dhulka, oo leh lakabyo calaamado badan, taas oo ku habboon shaqada fiilooyinka ee u dhexeeya qaybaha, laakiin cilladaha xalkan ayaa sidoo kale aad u muuqda, kuwaas oo lagu muujiyay labada dhinac ee soo socda:

① Diyaaradda korontada iyo diyaaradda dhulka ayaa aad u kala fog, mana aha kuwo ku filan oo isku xiran.

②Lakabka calaamada Siganl_2 (Inner_2) iyo Siganl_3 (Inner_3) ayaa si toos ah u ag dhow, marka go’doonka calaamaduhu ma fiicna oo hadalka isdhaafka ahi waa sahlan tahay inuu dhaco.

(2) Siganl_1 (Sare), Siganl_2 (Gudaha_1), AWOODDA (Gudaha_2), GND (Gudaha_3), Siganl_3 (Gudaha_4), Siganl_4 (Bottom).

Qorshaha 2 Marka la barbar dhigo nidaamka 1, lakabka korantada iyo diyaaradda dhulka ayaa si buuxda isugu xidhan, kuwaas oo faa’iidooyin gaar ah ka leh nidaamka 1, laakiin

Siganl_1 (Sare) iyo Siganl_2 (Inner_1) iyo Siganl_3 (Gudaha_4) iyo Siganl_4 (Bottom) lakabyada signalada ayaa si toos ah isula dheggan. Go’doominta ishaadu ma fiicna, dhibka hadalka is dhaafsigana lama xaliyo.

(3) Siganl_1 (Sare), GND (Gudaha_1), Siganl_2 (Gudaha_2), AWOODDA (Gudaha_3), GND (Gudaha_4), Siganl_3 (Bottom).

Marka la barbar dhigo Qorshaha 1 iyo Qorshaha 2, Qorshaha 3 wuxuu leeyahay hal lakab oo calaamad ka yar iyo hal lakab oo koronto oo dheeraad ah. Inkasta oo lakabyada loo heli karo fiilooyinka la dhimay, nidaamkani wuxuu xalliyaa cilladaha guud ee Qorshaha 1 iyo Qorshaha 2.

① Diyaaradda korontada iyo diyaaradda dhulka ayaa si adag isugu xiran.

② Lakab kasta oo calaamad ahi waxa uu si toos ah ugu dheggan yahay lakabka korantada ee gudaha, waxana uu si wax ku ool ah uga go’doonsan yahay lakabyada calaamadaha kale, hadalka isdhaafkuna ma fududa in uu dhaco.

③ Siganl_2 (Inner_2) waxay ku dhagan tahay labada lakab ee korantada gudaha GND (Inner_1) iyo POWER (Inner_3), kuwaas oo loo isticmaali karo gudbinta calaamadaha xawaaraha sare leh. Labada lakab ee korantada gudaha ayaa si wax ku ool ah u ilaalin kara faragelinta ka imanaysa adduunka dibadda ilaa lakabka Siganl_2 (Inner_2) iyo faragelinta Siganl_2 (Gudaha_2) ilaa dunida dibadda.

Dhammaan dhinacyada, nidaamka 3 ayaa iska cad inuu yahay kan ugu la hagaajiyay. Isla mar ahaantaana, nidaamka 3 sidoo kale waa qaab-dhismeed la daboolay oo caadi ahaan loo isticmaalo looxyada 6-lakabka ah. Falanqaynta labada tusaale ee kor ku xusan, waxaan aaminsanahay in akhristuhu uu leeyahay faham gaar ah oo ku saabsan qaabka cascading, laakiin xaaladaha qaarkood, qorshe gaar ah ma buuxin karo dhammaan shuruudaha, taas oo u baahan tixgelinta mudnaanta mabaadi’da naqshadaynta kala duwan. Nasiib darro, sababtoo ah xaqiiqda ah in naqshadeynta lakabka wareegga wareegga ay si dhow ula xiriirto sifooyinka wareegga dhabta ah, waxqabadka ka-hortagga faragelinta iyo diiradda naqshadeynta wareegyada kala duwan ayaa ka duwan, sidaas darteed dhab ahaantii mabaadi’daani ma laha mudnaanta la go’aamiyay ee tixraaca. Laakiin waxa hubaal ah in mabda’a naqshadeynta 2 (lakabka awoodda gudaha iyo lakabka dhulka waa in si adag loo dhejiyaa) u baahan yahay in marka hore la kulmo naqshadeynta, iyo haddii calaamadaha xawaaraha sare loo baahan yahay in lagu gudbiyo wareegga, ka dibna mabda’a naqshadeynta 3 (lakabka gudbinta signalka xawaaraha sare ee wareegga) Waa in ay noqotaa lakabka dhexe ee signalka oo la sandwich inta u dhaxaysa laba lakab oo koronto oo gudaha ah) waa in lagu qanco.

10-lakabka looxa

PCB-ga caadiga ah ee 10-lakabka naqshadaynta

Isku xirka xargaha guud waa TOP–GND—lakabka isha—lakabka awooda—GND—lakabka isha—lakabka awooda—lakabka isha—GND—BOTTOM

Isku dhafka xargaha laftiisa maaha mid go’an, laakiin waxaa jira qaar ka mid ah heerarka iyo mabaadi’da lagu xakameynayo: Tusaale ahaan, lakabyada ku xiga ee lakabka sare iyo lakabka hoose waxay isticmaalaan GND si loo hubiyo sifooyinka EMC ee hal guddi; tusaale ahaan, lakab kasta oo calaamad ah ayaa doorbidaya inuu isticmaalo lakabka GND sida Diyaarad tixraac ah; Awoodda korontada ee loo isticmaalo dhammaan sabuuradaha kaliya ayaa doorbidaya in la dul dhigo gabal naxaas ah; u nugul, xawaaraha sare, oo doorbidaya inuu raaco lakabka gudaha ee boodboodka, iwm.