Seo re se lebelletseng ka botlalo PCB hangata sebopeho se makhethe se likhutlo li ‘ne. Le ha meralo e mengata e hlile e le mahlakore a mane, tse ngata li hloka liboto tse nang le libopeho tse sa tloaelehang, tseo ho seng bonolo ho li etsa kamehla. This paper introduces how to design PCB with irregular shape.

Kajeno, PCBS e ntse e fokotseha mme mesebetsi e mengata e eketsoa ho liboto, tseo, hammoho le keketseho ea lebelo la oache, li etsang meralo e rarahane. Kahoo, ha re shebeng hore na re sebetsana joang le boto ea potoloho e nang le sebopeho se rarahaneng.

As figure 1 shows, simple PCI board shapes can be easily created in most EDA Layout tools.

Setšoantšo sa 1: Ponahalo ea boto e tloaelehileng ea potoloho ea PCI.

Leha ho le joalo, ha libopeho tsa boto li hloka ho ikamahanya le masaka a rarahaneng a nang le meeli e phahameng, ha ho bonolo ho baqapi ba PCB hobane mesebetsi e lithulusi tsena ha e tšoane le e metjheng ea CAD ea mochini. Boto e rarahaneng ea potoloho e bonts’itsoeng ho Setšoantšo sa 2 e etselitsoe haholo bakeng sa matlo a netefatsang ho phatloha mme e na le meeli e mengata ea mochini. Trying to reconstruct this information in EDA tools can take a long time and be unproductive. Ho ka etsahala hore moenjineri oa mochini o se a ntse a thehile matlo, sebopeho sa boto ea potoloho, sebaka sa mokoti o ntseng o hola, le meeli ea bophahamo e hlokoang ke moqapi oa PCB.

Setšoantšo sa 2: Mohlala ona, PCB e tlameha ho qaptjoa ho latela litlhaloso tse ikhethileng tsa mochini hore e tle e kenngoe ka har’a lijana tse netefatsang ho phatloha.

Setšoantšo sa 2: Mohlala ona, PCB e tlameha ho qaptjoa ho latela litlhaloso tse ikhethileng tsa mochini hore e tle e kenngoe ka har’a lijana tse netefatsang ho phatloha.

Ka lebaka la radians le radii ka boto ea potoloho, ho aha bocha ho ka nka nako e telele ho feta kamoo ho neng ho lebelletsoe, leha sebopeho sa boto ea potoloho se sa rarahana (joalo ka ha ho bonts’itsoe ho Setšoantšo sa 3).

Setšoantšo sa 3: Ho rala mahlaseli a mangata le li-curve tse fapaneng ho ka nka nako e telele.

Setšoantšo sa 3: Ho rala mahlaseli a mangata le li-curve tse fapaneng ho ka nka nako e telele.

Ena ke mehlala e ‘maloa feela ea libopeho tse rarahaneng tsa boto ea potoloho. However, from today’s consumer electronics, you’d be surprised how many projects try to cram all the functionality into a small package that isn’t always rectangular. Smartphones and tablets are the first things that come to mind, but there are plenty of examples.

Haeba u khutlisa koloi e hiriloeng, u ka khona ho bona mohlokomeli a sebelisa sekena se tšoereng ka letsoho ho bala tlhaiso-leseling ea koloi ebe o bua ntle le mohala le ofisi. The device is also connected to a thermal printer for instant receipt printing. Hoo e batlang e le lisebelisoa tsena kaofela li sebelisa liboto tsa potoloho tse thata / tse tenyetsehang (Setšoantšo sa 4), moo liboto tse tloaelehileng tsa PCB li hokahantsoeng le lisekete tse hatisitsoeng tse tenyetsehang e le hore li ka menaoa ka libaka tse nyane.

Setšoantšo sa 4: Boto ea potoloho e thata / e tenyetsehang e lumella tšebeliso e phahameng ea sebaka se fumanehang.

Setšoantšo sa 4: Boto ea potoloho e thata / e tenyetsehang e lumella tšebeliso e phahameng ea sebaka se fumanehang.

Potso ke hore, “U kenya joang litlhaloso tsa boenjineri ba mechini ka har’a sesebelisoa sa moralo oa PCB?” Ho sebelisa ts’ebeliso ena hape litšoantšong tsa mochini ho felisa ho pheta-pheta ha boiteko mme, ho bohlokoa le ho feta, ke phoso ea motho.

Re ka rarolla bothata bona ka ho kenya tlhaiso-leseling eohle ho software ea Layout ea PCB re sebelisa fomate ea DXF, IDF kapa ProSTEP. Sena se boloka nako e ngata mme se felisa monyetla oa liphoso tsa batho. Ka mor’a moo, re tla sheba e ‘ngoe le e’ ngoe ea lifomate tsena.

Graphics interchange format – DXF

DXF ke e ‘ngoe ea lifomate tsa khale ka ho fetisisa tse sebelisoang haholo bakeng sa ho fapanyetsana data ka elektroniki lipakeng tsa libaka tsa mechini le tsa moralo oa PCB. AutoCAD e e ntlafalitse lilemong tsa bo-1980. Mofuta ona o sebelisoa haholo bakeng sa phapanyetsano ea lintlha tse peli. Boholo ba barekisi ba lisebelisoa tsa PCB ba tšehetsa mofuta ona, ‘me e nolofatsa phapanyetsano ea data. DXF tse kenang kantle ho naha / tse romelloang kantle ho naha li hloka ts’ebetso e eketsehileng ho laola likarolo, likarolo tse fapaneng le liuniti tse tla sebelisoa molemong oa phapanyetsano. Setšoantšo sa 5 ke mohlala oa ho kenya libopeho tsa boto ea potoloho e rarahaneng haholo ka sebopeho sa DXF u sebelisa lisebelisoa tsa Mentor Graphics ‘PADS:

Figure 5: PCB design tools (such as PADS described here) need to be able to control the various parameters required using DXF format.

Figure 5: PCB design tools (such as PADS described here) need to be able to control the various parameters required using DXF format.

Lilemong tse ‘maloa tse fetileng, ts’ebetso ea 3d e ile ea qala ho hlaha lisebelisoa tsa PCB, mme ho ne ho hlokahala mofuta o ka fetisang data ea 3D lipakeng tsa mechini le lisebelisoa tsa PCB. Ho tsoa ho sena, Mentor Graphics e hlahisitse sebopeho sa IDF, se seng se sebelisitsoe haholo ho fetisetsa boto ea potoloho le tlhaiso-leseling ea likarolo lipakeng tsa PCBS le lisebelisoa tsa mochini.

Le ha sebopeho sa DXF se na le boholo le botenya ba boto, fomate ea IDF e sebelisa maemo a X le Y a karolo, nomoro ea karolo ea karolo le bophahamo ba z-axis ea karolo eo. This format greatly improves the ability to visualize a PCB in a 3D view. Additional information about forbidden areas, such as height restrictions on the top and bottom of the board, may also be included in the IDF file.

Sistimi e hloka ho tseba ho laola se tla ba teng faeleng ea IDF ka tsela e ts’oanang le Litlhophiso tsa DXF parameter, joalo ka ha ho bonts’itsoe ho Setšoantšo sa 6. Haeba likarolo tse ling li se na leseli la bophahamo, thepa e romelloang ke IDF e ka eketsa tlhaiso-leseling e haellang nakong ea pōpo.

Figure 6: Parameters can be set in the PCB design tool (PADS in this example).

Figure 6: Parameters can be set in the PCB design tool (PADS in this example).

Molemo o mong oa sebopeho sa IDF ke hore mokha o mong le o mong o ka fallisetsa karolo sebakeng se secha kapa oa fetola sebopeho sa boto, ebe o theha faele e fapaneng ea IDF. Bothata ba mokhoa ona ke hore o hloka ho kenya file eohle e emelang liphetoho ho boto le likarolo, ‘me maemong a mang ho ka nka nako e telele ka lebaka la boholo ba faele. In addition, it can be difficult to determine from the new IDF file what changes have been made, especially on larger boards. Users of IDF can eventually create custom scripts to determine these changes.

MOHATO le ProSTEP

Bakeng sa ho fetisa data ea mahlakore a mararo hantle, baqapi ba batla mokhoa o ntlafalitsoeng, sebopeho sa STEP se bile teng. Sebopeho sa STEP se ka fetisa litekanyo tsa boto ea potoloho le meralo ea likarolo, empa ho bohlokoa le ho feta, likarolo ha li sa na sebopeho se bonolo se nang le boleng ba bophahamo feela. Mohato oa karolo ea STEP ke setšoantšo se qaqileng le se rarahaneng sa likarolo ka sebopeho sa mahlakore a mararo. Ka bobeli boto ea potoloho le leseli la motsoako li ka fetisoa lipakeng tsa PCB le mochini. Leha ho le joalo, ha ho na mokhoa oa ho latela liphetoho.

Ho ntlafatsa phapanyetsano ea faele ea STEP, re hlahisitse sebopeho sa ProSTEP. This format moves the same data as IDF and STEP and has a big improvement – it can track changes and also provide the ability to work within the discipline’s original systems and review any changes once a baseline has been established. In addition to viewing changes, PCB and mechanical engineers can approve all or individual component changes in layout, board shape modifications. Li ka fana ka maikutlo a boholo bo fapaneng ba boto kapa libaka tsa likarolo. Puisano ena e ntlafalitsoeng e theha ECO (Boemo ba Phetoho ea Boenjiniere) lipakeng tsa ECAD le sehlopha sa mechini se e-so ka se ba teng pele (Setšoantšo sa 7).

Setšoantšo sa 7: Fana ka tlhahiso ea phetoho, sheba phetoho sesebelisoa sa mantlha, amohela phetoho, kapa u fane ka tlhahiso e fapaneng.

Setšoantšo sa 7: Fana ka tlhahiso ea phetoho, sheba phetoho sesebelisoa sa mantlha, amohela phetoho, kapa u fane ka tlhahiso e fapaneng.

Kajeno, mekhoa e mengata ea ECAD le CAD e ts’ehetsa ts’ebeliso ea fomate ea ProSTEP ho ntlafatsa puisano, ho boloka nako e ngata le ho fokotsa liphoso tse turang tse ka hlahisoang ke meralo e rarahaneng ea motlakase. Ho feta moo, baenjiniere ba ka boloka nako ka ho theha sebopeho se rarahaneng sa boto ea potoloho ka lithibelo tse ling ebe ba fetisa tlhaiso-leseling eo ka elektroniki ho qoba motho e mong ea sa utloisiseng boholo ba boto ea potoloho.

bofello

Haeba ha o so sebelise efe kapa efe ea lifomate tsa DXF, IDF, STEP, kapa ProSTEP ho fapanyetsana tlhahisoleseling, o lokela ho sheba ts’ebeliso ea tsona. Nahana ka ho sebelisa edi ena ho emisa ho senya nako ho sebelisa libopeho tse rarahaneng.