PCB yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yemveliso nganye yombane. Ngokunyuka kokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ze-elektroniki kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi bethu kwaye ngenxa yobomi babo obufutshane, into enye kukunyuka kwexabiso le-e-waste. Ngophuhliso lwamashishini asakhasayo afana ne-Intanethi yeZinto kunye nophuhliso olomeleleyo lobuchule bobuchwepheshe boncedo lwabaqhubi kwicandelo leemoto, oku kukhula kuya kukhawulezisa kuphela.

Kutheni inkunkuma yePCB iyingxaki yokwenyani?

Nangona uyilo lwe-PCB lunokusetyenziswa iminyaka emininzi, inyaniso kukuba ezi zixhobo zincinci ezilawulwa yi-PCB zitshintshwa ngamaxesha othusayo. Ngoko ke, umba ophambili ovelayo yingxaki yokubola, ekhokelela kwiingxaki ezininzi zokusingqongileyo. Ngokukodwa kumazwe athuthukileyo, ngenxa yokuba inani elikhulu leemveliso zombane ezilahliweyo zithuthelwa kwiindawo zokulahla inkunkuma, zikhupha izinto eziyityhefu kwindawo engqongileyo, ezinje:

I-Mercury-inokubangela ukulimala kwezintso kunye nengqondo.

I-Cadmium-eyaziwa ngokubangela umhlaza.

I-Lead-yaziwa ngokwenza umonakalo wobuchopho

I-Brominated flame retardants (BFR) -eyaziwa ngokuchaphazela umsebenzi wehomoni yabasetyhini.

Beryllium-eyaziwa ngokubangela umhlaza

Nokuba ibhodi iyahlaziywa kwaye isetyenziswe kwakhona endaweni yokuyiphosa kwindawo yokulahla inkunkuma, inkqubo yokuhlaziya iyingozi kwaye inokubangela iingozi zempilo. Enye ingxaki kukuba njengoko izixhobo zethu zisiya zisiba zincinci kwaye zikhaphukhaphu, ngumsebenzi onzima ukuzihlukanisa ukurisayikilisha iindawo ezinokurisayikilishwa. Ngaphambi kokuba urhoxise naziphi na izinto ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe, zonke iiglue kunye nezincamathelisi ezisetyenzisiweyo kufuneka zisuswe ngesandla. Ngoko ke, inkqubo inzima kakhulu. Ngesiqhelo, oku kuthetha ukuthumela iibhodi zePCB kumazwe angaphuhliswanga kangako ngeendleko eziphantsi zabasebenzi. Impendulo yale mibuzo (izixhobo ze-elektroniki zifunjwe kwiindawo zokulahla inkunkuma okanye ziyarisayikilishwa) ngokucacileyo yi-PCB enokubola, enokunciphisa kakhulu inkunkuma ye-e.

Ukutshintsha izinto ezinetyhefu zangoku ngeentsimbi ezidlulayo (ezifana ne-tungsten okanye i-zinc) linyathelo elikhulu kweli cala. Iqela lezenzululwazi kwi-Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory kwiYunivesithi yase-Illinois e-Urbana-Champaign izimisele ukudala i-PCB esebenza ngokupheleleyo ebolileyo xa ibonakaliswe emanzini. I-PCB yenziwe ngezi zinto zilandelayo:

Amacandelo orhwebo ngaphandle kweshelufu

Intlama yeMagnesium

I-Tungsten Cola

I-Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose (Na-CMC) Substrate

I-Polyethylene oxide (PEO) i-bonding layer

Ngapha koko, ii-PCBs eziguquguqukayo ngokupheleleyo ziphuhlisiwe kusetyenziswa ii-biocomposites ezenziwe ngeentsinga zendalo ze-cellulose ezithathwe kwizikhondo zebhanana kunye negluten yengqolowa. Izinto ze-biocomposite aziqukethe izinto zekhemikhali. Ezi PCBs ezidlulayo ezinokubola zineempawu ezifanayo kwii-PCB eziqhelekileyo. Ezinye iiPCBs ezingonakali ziphuhliswe kusetyenziswa iintsiba zenkukhu kunye nemicu yeglasi.

Ii-Biopolymers ezifana neecarbohydrates kunye neeproteni ziyakwazi ukubola, kodwa ubutyebi bendalo obufunwayo (njengomhlaba namanzi) buyancipha. Ii-biopolymers ezihlaziyiweyo nezizinzileyo zinokufumaneka kwinkunkuma yezolimo (efana nefayibha yebhanana), ekhutshwa kwizikhondo zezityalo. Ezi mveliso zezolimo zingasetyenziselwa ukuphuhlisa imathiriyeli edityanisiweyo enokubola ngokupheleleyo.

Ngaba ibhodi yokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo inokuthenjwa?

Ngokuqhelekileyo, igama elithi “ukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo” likhumbuza abantu ngomfanekiso wemveliso ebuthathaka, engeyiyo impawu esifuna ukuyidibanisa neePCB. Ezinye zeenkxalabo zethu malunga neebhodi ze-PCB eziluhlaza ziquka:

Iimpawu zeMechanical-Inyaniso yokuba iibhodi ezihambelana nokusingqongileyo zenziwe nge-banana fiber zisenza sicinge ukuba iibhodi zinokuba buthathaka njengamagqabi. Kodwa inyaniso kukuba abaphandi badibanisa izinto ze-substrate ukwenza iibhodi ezifaniswa ngamandla kwiibhodi eziqhelekileyo.

Ukusebenza kwe-Thermal-PCB kufuneka igqwese ekusebenzeni kwe-thermal kwaye kungabi lula ukubamba umlilo. Kuyaziwa ukuba izinto zebhayoloji zineqondo eliphantsi lobushushu, ngoko ke, ngandlela ithile, olu loyiko lunesiseko esihle. Nangona kunjalo, i-solder ephantsi yokushisa inokunceda ukuphepha le ngxaki.

I-Dielectric constant-Le yindawo apho ukusebenza kwebhodi ye-biodegradable ifana naleyo yebhodi yendabuko. I-dielectric constants ephunyezwe ngala macwecwe iphakathi koluhlu olufunekayo.

Ukusebenza phantsi kweemeko ezigqithisileyo-Ukuba i-PCB yezinto ze-biocomposite zibonakaliswe kumswakama ophezulu okanye ukushisa okuphezulu, ukuphambuka kwemveliso akuyi kubonwa.

Ukutshatyalaliswa kobushushu-izixhobo ze-biocomposite zinokukhupha ubushushu obuninzi, oluyimpawu ezifunekayo kwiiPCB.

Njengoko ukusetyenziswa kweemveliso zombane kuya kuxhaphaka ngakumbi, inkunkuma ye-elektroniki iya kuqhubeka ikhula ngendlela eyothusayo. Nangona kunjalo, iindaba ezilungileyo kukuba ngophuhliso olongezelelweyo lophando malunga nokukhethwa kokusingqongileyo, iibhodi eziluhlaza ziya kuba yinyani yorhwebo, ngaloo ndlela ukunciphisa i-e-waste kunye ne-e-recycling issues. Ngelixa sisukuzana nenkunkuma ye-elektroniki yexesha elidlulileyo kunye nezixhobo ze-elektroniki zangoku, lixesha lokuba sijonge kwikamva kwaye siqinisekise usetyenziso oluxhaphakileyo lweePCBs ezinokubola.