Intshayelelo ye1

Ishicilelwe ibhodi yesekethe (PCB) ingqibelelo yesiginali ibe ngumxholo oshushu kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Kukho iingxelo ezininzi zophando lwasekhaya malunga nohlalutyo lwezinto ezichaphazela ingqibelelo yomqondiso we-PCB, kodwa uvavanyo lokulahlekelwa ngumqondiso Intshayelelo kwimeko yangoku yeteknoloji inqabile.

Umthombo wePCB ilahleko yomgca wothumelo lombane kukulahleka komqhubi kunye nelahleko yedielectric yezinto, kwaye ikwachatshazelwa zizinto ezinjengokumelana nefoyile yobhedu, uburhabaxa befoyile yobhedu, ukulahleka kwemitha, ukungahambelani kwe-impedance, kunye ne-crosstalk. Kwikhonkco lokubonelela, izibonakaliso zokwamkelwa kwabenzi be-copper clad laminate (CCL) kunye nabavelisi be-PCB express basebenzisa i-dielectric constant kunye ne-dielectric loss; ngelixa izikhombisi phakathi kwe-PCB zivakalisa abavelisi kunye neetheminali zihlala zisebenzisa i-impedance kunye nelahleko yokufaka, njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 1.

Uhlalutyo lweeMba eziPhembelelayo zoMqondiso weMbonakaliso ye-PCB eprintiweyo yeBhodi yeSekethe

Kuyilo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-PCB enesantya esiphezulu, indlela yokulinganisa ngokukhawuleza nangempumelelo ilahleko yesiginali yemigca yosulelo yePCB ibaluleke kakhulu ekusekweni kweparamitha zoyilo lwePCB, ukulinganisa ukulinganisa, kunye nolawulo lwenkqubo yemveliso.

2. Imeko yangoku ye-PCB yokufaka iteknoloji yokuvavanya ilahleko

Iindlela zokuvavanya ilahleko yomqondiso we-PCB ngoku ezisetyenziswayo ngoku kushishino zihlelwa kwizixhobo ezisetyenzisiweyo, kwaye zinokwahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezimbini: ngokusekwe kwi-domain yexesha okanye ngokusekwe kwi-domain frequency. Isixhobo sovavanyo lwesizinda sexesha yiTime Domain Reflectometry (TDR) okanye imitha yokuhambisa ixesha (i-TImeDomain Transmission, TDT); isixhobo sovavanyo lwedomeyini yefrikhwensi yiVector Network Analyzer (VNA). Kwinkcazo yovavanyo ye-IPC-TM650, iindlela zovavanyo ezintlanu ziyacetyiswa kuvavanyo lokulahleka komqondiso we-PCB: indlela yesizinda se-frequency, indlela esebenzayo ye-bandwidth, indlela ye-root pulse energy, indlela yokusasaza i-pulse emfutshane, indlela yokulahleka kwe-TDR epheleyo enye.

2.1 Indlela ye-requency domain

I-Frequency Domain Method isebenzisa isihlalutyi senethiwekhi ye-vector ukulinganisa i-S-parameters yomgca wothumelo, ifunda ngokuthe ngqo ixabiso lelahleko lofakelo, kwaye emva koko isebenzisa ithambeka elifanelekileyo lolahleko oluyi-avareji lofakelo kuluhlu oluthile lwamaza (ezifana ne-1 GHz ~ 5 GHz) Umlinganiselo wokupasa/ukusilela kwebhodi.

Umahluko ekuchanekeni komlinganiselo wendlela ye-domain ye-frequency ivela ikakhulu kwindlela yokulinganisa. Ngokweendlela ezahlukeneyo zolungelelwaniso, ingohlulwa ibe yi-SLOT (Umgca-oMfutshane-Open-Thru), i-MulTI-Line ye-TRL (i-Thru-Reflect-Line) kunye ne-Ecal (i-Electronic calibraTIon) iindlela zokulinganisa i-electronic.

I-SLOT idla ngokuthathwa njengendlela eqhelekileyo yokulinganisa [5]. Imodeli yokulinganisa ineeparamitha zempazamo ezili-12. Ukuchaneka kokulinganisa kwendlela ye-SLOT kuchongwa ngamalungu okulinganisa. Izixhobo zokulinganisa ezichanekileyo zinikezelwa ngabavelisi bezixhobo zokulinganisa, kodwa iindawo zokulinganisa zibiza , Kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo zifanelekile kuphela kwindawo ye-coaxial, ukulinganisa kudla ixesha kwaye kwandisa i-geometrically njengoko inani leetheminali zokulinganisa landa.

Indlela ye-TRL ye-MulTI-Line isetyenziswa ikakhulu kwi-non-coaxial calibration measurement [6]. Ngokwezinto eziphathekayo zomzila wothumelo osetyenziswa ngumsebenzisi kunye novavanyo oluphindaphindiweyo, iinxalenye ze-TRL zokulinganisa ziyilwe kwaye ziveliswa, njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 2. Nangona i-TRL ye-Multi-Line ilula ukuyila kunye nokwenza kune-SLOT, ixesha lokulinganisa Indlela ye-TRL ye-Multi-Line nayo yonyuka ngokwejometri ngokunyuka kwenani leetheminali zomlinganiselo.

Uhlalutyo lweeMba eziPhembelelayo zoMqondiso weMbonakaliso ye-PCB eprintiweyo yeBhodi yeSekethe

Ukuze kulungiswe ingxaki yokulinganisa ixesha elide, abavelisi bezixhobo zokulinganisa baye bazisa indlela ye-Ecal electronic calibration [7]. I-Ecal ngumgangatho wothumelo. Ukuchaneka kolungelelwaniso kumiselwa ikakhulu ngamalungu okuqala olungelelwaniso. Ngexesha elifanayo, ukuzinza kwekhebula lokuvavanya kunye nokuphindaphinda kwesixhobo sokuvavanya uvavanyo. I-algorithm ye-interpolation yokusebenza kunye novavanyo oluphindaphindiweyo lunefuthe ekuchanekeni kovavanyo. Ngokubanzi, sebenzisa ikhithi yokulinganisa i-electronic ukulinganisa umphezulu wereferensi ukuya ekupheleni kwentambo yovavanyo, emva koko usebenzise indlela yokucima ukubuyisela ubude bentambo yokulungisa. Njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 3.

Uhlalutyo lweeMba eziPhembelelayo zoMqondiso weMbonakaliso ye-PCB eprintiweyo yeBhodi yeSekethe

Ukufumana ilahleko yokufaka umgca wothumelo olwahlukileyo njengomzekelo, ukuthelekiswa kweendlela ezintathu zokulinganisa kuboniswe kwiThebhile 1.

2.2 Indlela ye-bandwidth esebenzayo

I-Bandwidth esebenzayo (EBW) yimilinganiselo esemgangathweni yokulahleka komgca wothumelo α ngengqiqo engqongqo. Ayinakubonelela ngexabiso lobungakanani belahleko yokufaka, kodwa ibonelela ngepharamitha ebizwa ngokuba yi-EBW. Indlela esebenzayo ye-bandwidth kukudlulisa umqondiso wesinyathelo kunye nexesha elithile lokunyuka kumgca wokuhambisa nge-TDR, ukulinganisa i-slope esiphezulu sexesha lokunyuka emva kokuba isixhobo se-TDR kunye ne-DUT zidibaniswe, kwaye sinqume njengento yokulahlekelwa, kwi-MV. /s. Ngokuchaneke ngakumbi, Into egqibayo yilahleko epheleleyo, enokuthi isetyenziswe ukuchonga utshintsho kwilahleko yokuhambisa umgca ukusuka kumphezulu ukuya phezulu okanye umaleko ukuya kumaleko [8]. Ekubeni i-slope esiphezulu sinokulinganiswa ngokuthe ngqo kwisixhobo, indlela esebenzayo ye-bandwidth isoloko isetyenziselwa uvavanyo lokuvelisa ubuninzi beebhodi zeesekethe eziprintiweyo. Umzobo weskim sovavanyo lwe-EBW uboniswe kuMfanekiso 4.

Uhlalutyo lweeMba eziPhembelelayo zoMqondiso weMbonakaliso ye-PCB eprintiweyo yeBhodi yeSekethe

2.3 Indlela yamandla e-Root pulse

I-Root ImPulse Energy (RIE) ngokuqhelekileyo isebenzisa isixhobo se-TDR ukufumana i-waveforms ye-TDR yomgca wokulahlekelwa kwereferensi kunye nomgca wokuhambisa uvavanyo, kwaye emva koko wenze inkqubo yomqondiso kwiifom zamaza ze-TDR. Inkqubo yovavanyo lwe-RIE iboniswe kuMfanekiso 5:

Uhlalutyo lweeMba eziPhembelelayo zoMqondiso weMbonakaliso ye-PCB eprintiweyo yeBhodi yeSekethe

2.4 Indlela yokwandisa ukubetha kwentliziyo emfutshane

Indlela yokusasaza i-pulse emfutshane (i-Short Pulse Propagation, ebizwa ngokuba yi-SPP) umgaqo wovavanyo kukulinganisa imigca emibini yokuhambisa yobude obahlukeneyo, njenge-30 mm kunye ne-100 mm, kunye nokukhupha i-coefficient yokunciphisa ipharamitha kunye nesigaba ngokulinganisa umahluko phakathi kwezi zimbini. ubude bomgca wothumelo. Ngokuqhubekayo, njengoko kuboniswe kwi-Figure 6. Ukusebenzisa le ndlela kunokunciphisa impembelelo yezixhumi, iintambo, iiprobes, kunye nokuchaneka kwe-oscilloscope. Ukuba izixhobo ze-TDR eziphezulu kunye ne-IFN (i-Impulse Forming Network) zisetyenzisiweyo, i-frequency test frequency ingaba phezulu kwi-40 GHz.

2.5 Indlela yokulahleka kwelahleko ye-TDR enesiphelo esisodwa

I-TDR enesiphelo esisodwa ukuya kwi-Differential Insertion Loss (i-SET2DIL) ihluke kuvavanyo lokulahlekelwa kokufakela okwahlukileyo usebenzisa i-4-port VNA. Le ndlela isebenzisa isixhobo se-TDR esine-port ezimbini ukuhambisa impendulo yesinyathelo se-TDR kumgca wokuhambisa okwahlukileyo , Ukuphela komgca wokuhambisa ukwahlukana kufutshane, njengoko kuboniswe kuMzobo 7. Umlinganiselo wokulinganisa oqhelekileyo wendlela ye-SET2DIL yi-2 GHz ~ 12 GHz, kunye nokuchaneka komlinganiselo kuchaphazeleka ikakhulu kukulibaziseka okungaguqukiyo kwentambo yovavanyo kunye nokungahambelani kokuphazamiseka kwe-DUT. Inzuzo yendlela ye-SET2DIL kukuba akukho mfuneko yokusebenzisa i-VNA ye-4-port ebiza kakhulu kunye neengxenye zayo zokulinganisa. Ubude bomgca wothumelo lwenxalenye evavanyiweyo sisiqingatha kuphela sendlela yeVNA. Inxalenye yokulinganisa inesakhiwo esilula kwaye ixesha lokulinganisa liyancipha kakhulu. Ifanelekile kakhulu kwimveliso yePCB. Uvavanyo lwebhetshi, njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 8.

Uhlalutyo lweeMba eziPhembelelayo zoMqondiso weMbonakaliso ye-PCB eprintiweyo yeBhodi yeSekethe

3 Izixhobo zovavanyo kunye neziphumo zovavanyo

Ibhodi yokuhlola ye-SET2DIL, ibhodi yokuvavanya i-SPP kunye nebhodi yokuhlola ye-Multi-Line ye-TRL yenziwe ngokusebenzisa i-CCL ene-dielectric constant ye-3.8, i-dielectric loss ye-0.008, kunye ne-RTF ye-copper foil; izixhobo zovavanyo yaba DSA8300 isampuli oscilloscope kunye E5071C vector network analyzer; ilahleko yokufaka umahluko kwindlela nganye Iziphumo zovavanyo ziboniswe kwiThebhile yesi-2.

Uhlalutyo lweeMba eziPhembelelayo zoMqondiso weMbonakaliso ye-PCB eprintiweyo yeBhodi yeSekethe

Isiphelo se-4

Eli nqaku lazisa uninzi lweendlela zokulinganisa ilahleko yomqondiso wePCB osetyenziswa ngoku kushishino. Ngenxa yeendlela ezahlukeneyo zovavanyo ezisetyenzisiweyo, ixabiso elilinganisiweyo lelahleko elilinganisiweyo lahlukile, kwaye iziphumo zovavanyo azinakuthelekiswa ngokuthe ngqo ngokuthe tye. Ke ngoko, itekhnoloji efanelekileyo yovavanyo lokulahleka komqondiso kufuneka ikhethwe ngokweenzuzo kunye nemida yeendlela ezahlukeneyo zobugcisa, kwaye idityaniswe neemfuno zabo.