Iingozi ezininzi ezifihliweyo zoshicilelo lwesikrini se-PCB ezichaphazela ukufakela kunye nokulungiswa kweempazamo

Ukusetyenzwa kwesikrini sesilika ngaphakathi PCB uyilo likhonkco elijongelwa phantsi ngokulula ziinjineli. Ngokuqhelekileyo, wonke umntu akayi kukunika ingqwalasela eninzi kwaye uyayiphatha ngokuthanda kwakhe, kodwa ngokungakhethiyo kweli nqanaba kunokukhokelela kwiingxaki ekufakeni nasekuhlahleni amacandelo ebhodi kwixesha elizayo, okanye ukutshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo. Shiya uyilo lwakho lonke.

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1. Ileyibhile yesixhobo ibekwe kwiphedi okanye nge
Ekubekweni kwenombolo yesixhobo i-R1 kumzobo ongezantsi, “1” ibekwe kwiphedi yesixhobo. Le meko ixhaphake kakhulu. Phantse yonke injineli yenze le mpazamo xa uyila iPCB ekuqaleni, kuba akukho lula ukubona ingxaki kwisoftware yoyilo. Xa ibhodi ifunyenwe, ifunyenwe ukuba inombolo yenxalenye iphawulwe yi-pad okanye ingenanto. Ubhidekile, akunakwenzeka ukuchaza.

2. Ileyibhile yesixhobo ibekwe phantsi kwephakheji

Kwi-U1 kulo mfanekiso ungezantsi, mhlawumbi wena okanye umenzi awunangxaki xa ufaka isixhobo okokuqala, kodwa ukuba ufuna ukulungisa ingxaki okanye ukubuyisela isixhobo, uya kudandatheka kakhulu kwaye ungafumani apho i-U1 ikhoyo. I-U2 icace kakhulu kwaye yindlela echanekileyo yokuyibeka.

3. Ileyibhile yesixhobo ayihambelani ngokucacileyo nesixhobo esihambelanayo

Nge-R1 kunye ne-R2 kulo mzobo ulandelayo, ukuba awukhangeli uyilo lwefayile yomthombo we-PCB, ungaxela ukuba yeyiphi inkcaso eyi-R1 kwaye yeyiphi i-R2? Uyifakela njani kwaye uyilungise? Ke ngoko, iileyibhile zesixhobo kufuneka zibekwe ukuze umfundi azi ukubekwa kwayo ngokukrwaquza, kwaye akukho nto ingacaci.

4. Ifonti yeleyibhile yesixhobo incinci kakhulu

Ngenxa yokuthintelwa kwendawo yebhodi kunye noxinaniso lwecandelo, sihlala sisebenzise iifonti ezincinci ukulebhelisha isixhobo, kodwa kuyo nayiphi na imeko, kufuneka siqinisekise ukuba ileyibhile yesixhobo “iyafundeka”, kungenjalo intsingiselo yeleyibhile yesixhobo iya kulahleka. . Ukongeza, iiplanti ezahlukeneyo zePCB zineenkqubo ezahlukeneyo. Nokuba isayizi yefonti efanayo, iziphumo zezityalo ezahlukeneyo zokulungisa zahluke kakhulu. Ngamanye amaxesha, ngakumbi xa usenza iimveliso ezisesikweni, ukuze uqinisekise umphumo wemveliso, kufuneka ufumane ukuchaneka kokucubungula. Abavelisi abaphezulu ukuba baqhubeke.

Ubungakanani befonti efanayo, iifonti ezahlukeneyo zineziphumo ezahlukeneyo zoshicilelo. Umzekelo, ifonti engagqibekanga yoMyili weAltium, nokuba ubungakanani befonti bukhulu, kunzima ukuyifunda kwibhodi yePCB. Ukuba utshintshela kwenye yeefonti “Uhlobo lweNyaniso”, Nokuba ubungakanani befonti bubukhulu obubini buncinci, bunokufundwa ngokucacileyo.

5. Izixhobo ezimeleneyo zineeleyibhile zesixhobo ezingaqondakaliyo
Jonga abaxhathisi ababini kulo mfanekiso ungezantsi. Ithala leencwadi lesixhobo alinalwandlalo. Ngezi pads zi-4, awukwazi ukugweba ukuba zeziphi iipads ezimbini ze-resistor, singasathethi ke ukuba yeyiphi i-R1 kunye ne-R2. NS. Ukubekwa kwezinto ezichasayo kunokuba ngokuthe tye okanye ngokuthe nkqo. I-solder engalunganga iya kubangela iimpazamo zesekethe, okanye iisekethe ezimfutshane, kunye nezinye iziphumo ezibi kakhulu.

6. Indawo ekubekwe kuyo ileyibhile yesixhobo ayinamkhethe
Isalathiso selebhile yesixhobo kwi-PCB kufuneka sibe kwicala elinye kangangoko kunokwenzeka, kwaye kuninzi lwamacala amabini. Ukubekwa ngokungacwangciswanga kuya kwenza ukufakela kwakho kunye nokulungiswa kweempazamo kube nzima kakhulu, kuba kufuneka usebenze nzima ukufumana isixhobo osifunayo. Iileyibhile zecandelo ngakwesobunxele kumzobo ongezantsi zibekwe ngokuchanekileyo, kwaye enye ekunene imbi kakhulu.

7. Akukho nombolo yamanqaku kaPin1 kwisixhobo se-IC
Iphakheji yesixhobo ye-IC (Integrated Circuit) inophawu lokuqala olucacileyo kufutshane nePin 1, njenge “dot” okanye “star” ukuqinisekisa ukuqhelaniswa okuchanekileyo xa i-IC ifakiwe. Ukuba ifakwe ngasemva, isixhobo sinokonakala kwaye ibhodi inokuchithwa. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba eli nqaku alinako ukufakwa phantsi kwe-IC ukuba ifakwe, kungenjalo kuya kuba yingxaki kakhulu ukulungisa isekethe. Njengoko kubonisiwe kulo mfanekiso ungezantsi, kunzima ku-U1 ukugweba ukuba yeyiphi indlela yokubeka, ngelixa i-U2 ilula ukuyigweba, kuba ipini yokuqala isikwere kwaye ezinye izikhonkwane zingqukuva.

8. Akukho phawu lwe-polarity kwizixhobo zepolarized
Izixhobo ezininzi zemilenze emibini, njenge-LED, i-electrolytic capacitors, njl., Zine-polarity (ulwalathiso). Ukuba zifakwe ngendlela engafanelekanga, isiphaluka asiyi kusebenza okanye nokuba isixhobo siya konakala. Ukuba ulwalathiso lwe-LED aluchanekanga, ngokuqinisekileyo aluyi kukhanya, kwaye isixhobo se-LED siya konakaliswa ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kombane, kwaye i-electrolytic capacitor inokuqhuma. Ngoko ke, xa kusakhiwa ilayibrari yephakheji yezi zixhobo, i-polarity kufuneka iphawulwe ngokucacileyo, kwaye uphawu lokumakisha lwe-polarity alukwazi ukubekwa phantsi kolwandlalo lwesixhobo, kungenjalo isimboli se-polarity siya kuvinjelwa emva kokuba ifowuni ifakwe, ibangela ubunzima bokulungisa umonakalo. . I-C1 kumzobo ongezantsi ayilungile, kuba xa i-capacitor ifakwe ebhodini, akunakwenzeka ukugweba ukuba i-polarity yayo ichanekile, kwaye indlela yeC2 ichanekile.

9. Akukho kukhutshwa kobushushu
Ukusebenzisa ukukhutshwa kobushushu kwizikhonkwane zecandelo kunokwenza i-soldering ibe lula. Usenokungafuni ukusebenzisa isiqabu se-thermal ukunciphisa ukuxhathisa kombane kunye nokumelana nobushushu, kodwa ukungasebenzisi ukunyibilika kwe-thermal kunokwenza i-soldering ibe nzima kakhulu, ngakumbi xa iipadi zesixhobo ziqhagamshelwe kwiitrayisi ezinkulu okanye ukuzaliswa kobhedu. Ukuba ukukhutshwa kobushushu okufanelekileyo akusetyenziswanga, iitrayisi ezinkulu kunye nezizalisi zobhedu njengama-heat sinks zinokubangela ubunzima bokufudumeza iipads. Kulo mfanekiso ungezantsi, iphini yomthombo we-Q1 ayinakho ukukhutshwa kobushushu, kwaye i-MOSFET inokuba nzima ukuyithengisa kunye ne-desolder. Ipini yomthombo we-Q2 inomsebenzi wokukhutshwa kobushushu, kwaye i-MOSFET kulula ukuyithengisa kunye ne-desolder. Abaqulunqi be-PCB banokutshintsha ubungakanani bokukhutshwa kobushushu ukulawula ukuxhathisa kunye nokumelana nobushushu bonxibelelwano. Ngokomzekelo, abaqulunqi be-PCB banokubeka umkhondo kwi-pin yomthombo we-Q2 ukwandisa inani lobhedu oludibanisa umthombo kwi-node yomhlaba.