Amava oyilo lweenjineli zePBB

Inkqubo yoyilo esisiseko ye-PCB imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: ukulungiselela kwangaphambili -> uyilo lwesakhiwo sePCB-> uyilo lwePCB-> iintambo -> ukwenziwa kweentambo kunye noshicilelo lwesilika yesilika-> uthungelwano kunye nokuhlolwa kweDRC kunye novavanyo lwesakhiwo-> ukwenza ipleyiti.
Ukulungiselela kwangaphambili.
Oku kubandakanya ukulungiselela iikhathalogu kunye nezikimu “Ukuba ufuna ukwenza umsebenzi olungileyo, kufuneka uqale uzilole izixhobo zakho. “Ukwenza ibhodi elungileyo, akufuneki uyile umgaqo kuphela, kodwa uzobe kakuhle. Phambi koyilo lwePCB, qala ulungiselele icandelo lethala leencwadi leSch kunye nePCB. Ilayibrari yecandelo inokuba yiProtel (uninzi lweentaka ezindala ngombane lwaluyiProtel ngelo xesha), kodwa kunzima ukufumana efanelekileyo. Kungcono ukwenza ilayibrari yecandelo ngokobungakanani bemigangatho yedatha yesixhobo esikhethiweyo. Ngokomgaqo, yenza ilayibrari yecandelo le-PCB kuqala, emva koko ilayibrari yecandelo le-sch. Icandelo lethala leencwadi le-PCB lineemfuno eziphezulu, ezichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukufakwa kwebhodi; Iimfuno zethala leencwadi ze-SCH zikhululekile. Nika nje ingqalelo ekuchazeni iimpawu zesikhonkwane kunye nobudlelwane obuhambelana nezinto zePCB. PS: Qaphela izikhonkwane ezifihliweyo kwilayibrari esemgangathweni. Ke kukho uyilo lwesikim. Xa sele ukulungele, ukulungele ukuqala uyilo PCB.
Okwesibini: uyilo lwesakhiwo sePCB.
Kweli nqanaba, ngokobungakanani bebhodi yesekethe emiselweyo kunye nendawo yokuma koomatshini, zoba umphezulu wePCB kwimeko yoyilo lwePCB, kwaye ubeke izihlanganisi ezifunekayo, izitshixo / iitshintshi, imingxunya yokujija, imingxunya yebandla, njl. Ngokweemfuno zokubekwa. Kwaye ujonge ngokupheleleyo kwaye umisele indawo ye-wiring kunye nendawo engenazingcingo (njengobungakanani bendawo ejikeleze umngxunya wokujija ungowendawo engenazingcingo).
Okwesithathu: Ubeko lwePCB.
Uyilo kukubeka izixhobo ebhodini. Ngeli xesha, ukuba onke amalungiselelo akhankanywe apha ngasentla enziwe, ungavelisa itafile yenethiwekhi (Uyilo -> yenza uluhlu lwenetwork) kwidrafti yesikim, emva koko ungenise itafile yenethiwekhi (Uyilo -> Imithwalo yokulayisha) kumzobo wePCB. Uyabona ukuba izixhobo zonke zifunjenwe, kwaye kukho iingcingo eziphaphazelayo phakathi kwezikhonkwane ukukhawulezisa unxibelelwano. Emva koko unokubeka isixhobo. Uyilo ngokubanzi luya kwenziwa ngokwale migaqo ilandelayo:
Ukucandwa komhlaba ngendlela efanelekileyo, ngokwamandla ombane, ukwahlulwe ngokubanzi: kwindawo yesekethe yedijithali (okt uloyiko lokuphazamiseka kunye nokudala uphazamiseko), indawo yesekethe ye-analog (uloyiko lokuphazamiseka) kunye nendawo yokuqhuba umbane (umthombo wongenelelo);
Iisekethe ezigqiba umsebenzi ofanayo ziya kubekwa kufutshane kangangoko, kwaye onke amacandelo aya kuhlenga-hlengiswa ukuqinisekisa ukufakwa kweentambo ngokulula; Kwangelo xesha, lungelelanisa indawo ehambelana phakathi kweebhloko ezisebenzayo ukwenza unxibelelwano phakathi kweebhloko ezisebenzayo zifutshane;
③. kwizinto ezinomgangatho ophezulu, indawo yokufaka kunye namandla okufaka ziya kuqwalaselwa; Izinto zokufudumeza ziya kubekwa zodwa kwizinto ezinobushushu, kwaye amanyathelo okuhambisa ubushushu aya kuthathelwa ingqalelo xa kukho imfuneko;
Umqhubi we-I / O uya kuba kufutshane nonxweme lwebhodi eprintiweyo kunye nesinxibelelanisi esiphumayo kangangoko kunokwenzeka;
Umvelisi wewotshi (njengekristale oscillator okanye iwotshi oscillator) uyakuba kufutshane kangangoko kwisixhobo esebenzisa iwotshi;
Dec Isidambisi (decoupling capacitor) (ilitye elinye lesilinganisi esinokusebenza okuhle kwesantya esiphakamileyo sisetyenziswa ngokubanzi) siyakongezwa phakathi kwephini yokufaka yombane kwisekethe nganye ehlanganisiweyo kunye nomhlaba; Xa indawo yebhodi yesekethe ixinene, i-tantalum capacitor nayo inokongezwa ijikeleze iisekethe ezininzi ezihlanganisiweyo.
⑦. idiode yokukhutshwa (1N4148) iya kongezwa kwikhoyili yokudlulisa;
Uyilo luya kulungelelaniswa, lube mninzi kwaye lube ngolungeleleneyo, kwaye aluyi kuba phezulu okanye nzima
“”
——Uqwalaselo olukhethekileyo luyafuneka
Xa ubeka izinto, ubungakanani bokwenyani (indawo nokuphakama) kwezinto kunye nokuma okuphakathi kwezixhobo kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kombane kwibhodi yesekethe kunye nokuba nokwenzeka kunye nokwenza lula kwemveliso kunye nofakelo. Kwangelo xesha, kwimbono yokuba le migaqo ingasentla inokuboniswa, ukubekwa kwezinto kufuneka kulungiswe ngokufanelekileyo ukubenza bacoceke kwaye babe bahle. Izinto ezifanayo kufuneka zibekwe ngokucocekileyo kwicala elinye, ayinakho “ukusasazeka”.
Eli nyathelo lihambelana nomfanekiso webhodi iyonke kunye nobunzima bokubamba iintambo kwinyathelo elilandelayo, ke kuya kufuneka senze iinzame ezinkulu zokulijonga. Ngexesha loyilo, iintambo zokuqala zingenziwa kwiindawo ezingaqinisekanga kwaye ziqwalaselwe ngokupheleleyo.
Okwesine: iintambo.
Iingcingo yinkqubo ebalulekileyo kuyilo lonke lwePCB. Oku kuya kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kwe-PCB. Kwinkqubo yoyilo lwe-PCB, i-wiring ngokubanzi yahlulwe yangamacandelo amathathu: eyokuqala i-wiring, eyimfuneko esisiseko yoyilo lwe-PCB. Ukuba imigca ayinxibelelananga kwaye kukho umgca wokubhabha, iya kuba yibhodi engafanelekanga. Kunokuthiwa ukuba ayifakwanga okwangoku. Okwesibini kukoneliseka kokusebenza kombane. Lo ngumgangatho wokulinganisa ukuba ibhodi yesekethe eprintiweyo iyafaneleka. Oku kukuhlengahlengisa ngononophelo i-wiring emva kwe-wiring ukufezekisa ukusebenza kombane. Kukho ubuhle. Ukuba i-wiring yakho idityanisiwe, akukho ndawo inokuchaphazela ukusebenza kwezixhobo zombane, kodwa xa uyijonga nje, iphazamisekile kwixesha elidlulileyo, idityaniswa nemibala kunye nemibala, nokuba ukusebenza kombane kulungile, isisiqwenga se inkunkuma emehlweni abanye. Oku kuzisa inkxamleko enkulu kuvavanyo nakulondolozo. Ukufakelwa kweengcingo kufanele ukuba kucoceke kwaye kufane, hayi kwi-crisscross kwaye kungalungelelaniswa. Oku kufuneka kufezekiswe phantsi kwemeko yokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kombane kunye nokuhlangabezana nezinye iimfuno zomntu ngamnye, kungenjalo kuya kuba kukushiya iziseko. Le migaqo ilandelayo iya kulandelwa ngexesha lokufaka iintambo:
① Ngokubanzi, intambo yombane kunye nocingo lomhlaba ziya kufakwa iingcingo kuqala ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kombane kwibhodi yesekethe. Ngaphakathi kuluhlu oluvumelekileyo, ububanzi bokunikezelwa kwamandla kunye nocingo lomhlaba luyakwandiswa kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Kungcono ukuba ucingo lomhlaba lubanzi kunobubanzi bomgca wamandla. Ubudlelwane babo yile: yocingo lomhlaba> umgca wamandla> umgca wesiginali. Ngokubanzi, ububanzi bomgca wesiginali ngu-0.2 ~ 0.3mm, ububanzi obulungileyo bunokufikelela ku-0.05 ~ 0.07mm, kwaye umgca wamandla ngokubanzi yi-1.2 ~ 2.5mm. Kwi-PCB yesekethe yedijithali, ucingo olubanzi lomhlaba lunokusetyenziselwa ukwenza isekethe, oko kukuthi, ukwenza uthungelwano lomhlaba (umhlaba wesekethe ye-analog awunakusetyenziswa ngale ndlela)
Iingcingo ezineemfuno ezingqongqo (ezinjengeelayini ezihamba rhoqo) ziya kufakwa iintambo kwangaphambili, kwaye imigca esecaleni yesiphelo segalelo kunye nesiphelo sesiphelo siya kuthintela ukuhambelana okuthe ngqo ukunqanda uphazamiseko. Ukuba kukho imfuneko, ucingo lomhlaba luyakongezwa ukuze lubekelwe bucala. Ukufakelwa kweentambo zamacandelo amabini akufutshane kuya kuba yinto enye kwenye kunye nokufana, ekulula ukuvelisa ukudibanisa i-parasitic.
Igobolondo le-oscillator liza kugalelwa emhlabeni, kwaye umgca wewotshi uya kuba mfutshane kangangoko, kwaye awuyi kubakho kuyo yonke indawo. Ngaphantsi kwesekethe yokujikeleza kwewotshi kunye nokujikeleza okukhethekileyo kwesantya esiphezulu, indawo yomhlaba kufuneka inyuswe, kwaye eminye imigca yomqondiso mayingathatyathwa ukwenza intsimi yombane ejikeleze kufutshane;
O 45o iintambo zomgca ezaphukileyo ziya kwamkelwa kangangoko kunokwenzeka, kwaye i-90o yocingo eyaphukileyo ayizukusetyenziselwa ukunciphisa ukusasazeka kwemitha yesiginali yamaxesha aphezulu (Iarc ephindiweyo iya kusetyenziswa kwimigca eneemfuno eziphezulu)
Akukho layini yomqondiso iya kwenza iluphu. Ukuba ayinakuphepheka, iluphu iya kuba incinci kangangoko; Iimpawu zeelayini zemiqondiso ziya kuba mbalwa kangangoko;
Imigca ephambili iya kuba mifutshane kwaye ibengqindilili kangangoko kunokwenzeka, kwaye iindawo zokhuselo ziya kongezwa kumacala omabini.
⑦ Xa uhambisa isiginali ebuthathaka kunye nesandi somqondiso webhendi yentsimbi ngentambo ethe tyaba, iya kukhokelelwa ngaphandle kwindlela “yocingo lomhlaba wocingo lomhlaba”.
Iindawo zovavanyo ziya kugcinelwa imiqondiso ephambili ukulungiselela ukuveliswa, ukugcinwa kunye nokufunyanwa
⑨. emva kokuba i-schematic schematic igqityiwe, i-wiring iya kulungiswa; Kwangelo xesha, emva kovavanyo lokuqala lwenethiwekhi kunye nokuhlolwa kweDRC kuchanekile, gcwalisa indawo engenazingcingo ngocingo lomhlaba, sebenzisa indawo enkulu yobhedu njengocingo lomhlaba, kwaye uqhagamshele iindawo ezingasetyenziswanga kunye nomhlaba kwibhodi eprintiweyo ucingo lomhlaba. Okanye inokwenziwa kwibhodi ye-multilayer, kwaye umbane kunye nocingo lomhlaba zihlala kumgangatho omnye ngokwahlukeneyo.
-— PCB iimfuno zenkqubo yeentambo
①. umgca
Ngokubanzi, ububanzi bomgca wesiginali yi-0.3mm (12mil), kunye nobubanzi bomgca wamandla yi-0.77mm (30mil) okanye i-1.27mm (50mil); Umgama phakathi kwemigca naphakathi kwemigca kunye neepads mkhulu okanye ulingana no-0.33mm (13mil). Kwisicelo esisebenzayo, ukuba iimeko ziyavuma, yandisa umgama;
Xa uxinano lweengcingo luphezulu, inokuqwalaselwa (kodwa ayikhuthazwa) ukusebenzisa iingcingo ezimbini phakathi kwezikhonkwane ze-IC. Ububanzi beengcingo yi-0.254mm (10mil), kunye nokushiyeka kweengcingo akukho ngaphantsi kwe-0.254mm (10mil). Ngaphantsi kweemeko ezizodwa, xa izikhonkwane zefowuni zixinene kwaye ububanzi bumxinwa, umgca wokuhamba kunye nokushiyana komgca kunokuncitshiswa ngokufanelekileyo.
②. pad
Iimfuno ezisisiseko zephedi kunye nokudlula zezi zilandelayo: ububanzi bephedi buya kuba bukhulu kune-0.6mm kunobo bomngxuma; Umzekelo, iipaneli zokuxhathisa ngokubanzi, ii-capacitors kunye neesekethe ezihlanganisiweyo, idiski / ubungakanani bomngxunya ngu-1.6mm / 0.8mm (63mil / 32mil), kunye nesokethi, ipini kunye nedayode 1N4007 zii-1.8mm / 1.0mm (71mil / 39mil). Kwisicelo esisebenzayo, kufanele ukuba kugqitywe ngokobungakanani bezinto ezikhoyo. Ukuba kunokwenzeka, ubungakanani bephedi bunokunyuswa ngokufanelekileyo;
Icandelo elinyukayo lokuvula eliyilelwe kwi-PCB liya kuba malunga ne-0.2 ~ 0.4mm enkulu kunobungakanani boqobo lwekhonkco.
③. nge
Ngokubanzi 1.27mm / 0.7mm (50mil / 28mil);
Xa uxinano lweengcingo luphezulu, ubungakanani obudlulayo bunokuncitshiswa ngokufanelekileyo, kodwa akufuneki bube bincinci kakhulu. I-1.0mm / 0.6mm (40mil / 24mil) ingaqwalaselwa.
④. Isithuba sokudibanisa iphedi, ucingo kunye nokudlula
≥ 0.3mm (12mil)
≥ 0.3mm (12mil)
≥ ≥ 0.3mm (12mil) :
≥ ≥ 0.3mm (12mil)
Xa uxinano luphezulu:
≥ 0.254mm (10mil)
≥ 0.254mm (10mil)
≥ ≥ : : :? 0.254mm (10mil)
≥ ≥ : : :? 0.254mm (10mil)
Okwesihlanu: ukwenziwa kweentambo kunye noshicilelo lwesilika.
“Hayi kulungile, kungcono kuphela”! Nokuba ungazama kangakanani ukuyila, xa ugqibile ukupenda, uya kuhlala uziva ukuba iindawo ezininzi zinokuguqulwa. Amava ayiliweyo ngokubanzi kukuba ixesha lokwandisa i-wiring liphindwe kabini kunentambo yokuqala. Emva kokuba uziva ukuba akukho nto unokuyiguqula, ungabeka ubhedu (indawo-> inqwelomoya). Ubhedu lubekwa ngokubanzi ngocingo lomhlaba (nikela ingqalelo kukwahlulwa komhlaba we-analog kunye nomhlaba wedijithali), kwaye unikezelo lwamandla lunokubekwa xa kubekwa iibhodi ze-multilayer. Ukuprintwa kwesikrini sesilika, naka ingqalelo ekungavinjelweni zizixhobo okanye ekususwe zii-vias kunye neepads. Kwangelo xesha, uyilo kufuneka lujongane nomphezulu wecandelo, kwaye amagama asezantsi kufuneka aboniswe ukunqanda ukudideka komaleko.
Okwesithandathu: ukuhlolwa kwenethiwekhi kunye neDRC kunye nokuhlolwa kobume.
Okokuqala, kwingqikelelo yokuba uyilo lwesikim sesekethe luchanekile, khangela ubudlelwane boqhakamshelwano phakathi kwefayile yenethiwekhi yePCB kunye nefayile yenethiwekhi, kwaye ulungise kwangexesha uyilo ngokweziphumo zefayile yokuvelisa ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka konxibelelwano lonxibelelwano ;
Emva kokuba itshekhi womnatha ipasiswe ngokuchanekileyo, DRC khangela uyilo PCB, uze ulungise uyilo ngexesha ngokweziphumo ifayile imveliso ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kombane kweentambo PCB. Ulwakhiwo lofakelo loomatshini lwe-PCB luya kuhlolwa ngakumbi kwaye luqinisekiswe emva koko.
Okwesixhenxe: ukwenziwa kweplate.
Ngaphambi koko, kufanele ukuba kubekho inkqubo yophicotho.
Uyilo lwePCB luvavanyo lwengqondo. Nabani na onengqondo eshinyeneyo kunye namava aphezulu, ibhodi eyiliweyo ilungile. Ke ngoko, kufuneka silumke kakhulu kuyilo, siqwalasele ngokupheleleyo izinto ezahlukeneyo (umzekelo, abantu abaninzi abayithathi lula ulondolozo kunye nohlolo), hlala uphucula, kwaye siya kuba nakho ukuyila ibhodi elungileyo.