Xa kuyilwa i-PCB, sihlala sithembela kumava nakwizakhono esihlala sizifumana kwi-Intanethi. Uyilo ngalunye lwePCB lunokucwangciswa kwisicelo esithile. Ngokubanzi, imigaqo yayo yoyilo isebenza kuphela kwisicelo ekujoliswe kuso. Umzekelo, imithetho ye-ADC PCB ayisebenzi kwii-PCB ze-RF nakwelinye icala. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye izikhokelo zinokuqwalaselwa ngokubanzi kuyo nayiphi na uyilo lwe-PCB. Apha, kwesi sifundo, siza kwazisa iingxaki ezithile ezisisiseko kunye nezakhono ezinokuphucula kakhulu uyilo lwePCB.
Ukuhanjiswa kwamandla yeyona nto iphambili kulo naluphi na uyilo lombane. Onke amacandelo akho axhomekeke kumandla okwenza imisebenzi yawo. Kuxhomekeke kuyilo lwakho, ezinye izinto zinokuba nonxibelelwano lwamandla ohlukeneyo, ngelixa ezinye izinto ezikwi bhodi enye zinokuba nonxibelelwano olubi lwamandla. Umzekelo, ukuba onke amacandelo anikwe amandla yi-wiring enye, icandelo ngalinye liya kujonga ukungafani, okukhokelela kwizalathiso ezininzi zomhlaba. Umzekelo, ukuba uneesekethe ezimbini ze-ADC, enye ekuqaleni kwaye enye ekugqibeleni, kwaye zombini ii-ADC zifunde umbane wangaphandle, isekethe nganye ye-analog iya kufunda isakhono esahlukileyo esinokubakho.
Singashwankathela ukuhanjiswa kwamandla ngeendlela ezintathu ezinokubakho: umthombo wamanqaku omnye, umthombo weNkanyezi kunye nomthombo we-multipoint.
(a) Ukunikezelwa kwamandla okukodwa: umbane kunye nocingo lomhlaba wecandelo ngalinye lahlulwe elinye kwelinye. Ukuhanjiswa kwamandla kwazo zonke izinto kudibana kuphela kwindawo ekubhekiswa kuyo. Inqaku elinye lithathwa njengelifanele amandla. Nangona kunjalo, oku akunakwenzeka kwiiprojekthi ezintsonkothileyo okanye ezinkulu / eziphakathi.
(b) Umthombo weenkwenkwezi: Umthombo weenkwenkwezi unokuthathwa njengophuculo lomthombo wenqaku elinye. Ngenxa yeempawu zayo eziphambili, yahlukile: ubude bendlela phakathi kwezinto ziyinto enye. Unxibelelwano lwenkanyezi luhlala lusetyenziselwa iibhodi zemiqondiso yesantya esiphezulu kunye neewotshi ezahlukeneyo. Kwi-PCB yesantya esiphezulu, uphawu luhlala luvela emaphethelweni kwaye lufike embindini. Yonke imiqondiso inokuhanjiswa ukusuka embindini ukuya nakweyiphi na indawo yebhodi yesekethe, kwaye ukulibaziseka phakathi kweendawo kunokuncitshiswa.
(c) Imithombo yolwazi oluninzi: ithathwa njengehlwempuzekileyo kuyo nayiphi na imeko. Nangona kunjalo, kulula ukuyisebenzisa kuyo nayiphi na isekethe. Imithombo yolwazi oluninzi inokuvelisa umahluko wesalathiso phakathi kwezinto kunye nokudibana kwe-impedance efanayo. Olu hlobo loyilo luvumela ukutshintsha okuphezulu kwe-IC, iwotshi kunye neesekethe zeRF ukwazisa ingxolo kwiisekethe ezikufutshane ezabelana ngokudibana.
Ewe, kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla, asisayi kuhlala sinodidi olunye lonikezelo. I-tradeoff esinokuyenza kukudibanisa imithombo yamanqaku enye kunye nemithombo yamanqaku amaninzi. Unokubeka izixhobo ezibuthathaka ze-analog kunye neesantya esiphezulu / iinkqubo zeRF kwindawo enye, kunye nazo zonke ezinye izinto ezingacacanga kwindawo enye.
Ngaba ukhe wacinga malunga nokuba kufuneka usebenzise inqwelo moya enamandla? Impendulo nguewe. Ibhodi yamandla yenye yeendlela zokudlulisa amandla kunye nokunciphisa ingxolo yayo nayiphi na isekethe. Inqwelomoya yamandla iyanciphisa indlela yomhlaba, inciphisa ukungafakwanga kwaye iphucule ukungqinelana kombane (EMC). Kukwakhona ngenxa yokuba ipleyiti yokuqhekeza i-capacitor efanayo nayo iveliswa kwiiplanethi zonikezelo lwamandla kumacala omabini, ukwenzela ukuthintela ukusasazeka kwengxolo.
Ibhodi yamandla ikwanokuxhamla okucacileyo: ngenxa yommandla wayo omkhulu, ivumela ngaphezulu kwangoku ukuba kudlule, oko ke kukwandisa uluhlu lobushushu ekusebenzeni kwePCB. Kodwa nceda uqaphele: umaleko wamandla unokubuphucula ubushushu bokusebenza, kodwa ke iintambo kufuneka ziqwalaselwe. Imigaqo yokulandela umkhondo inikwe ipc-2221 kunye ipc-9592
Kwi-PCB enomthombo we-RF (okanye nasiphi na isicelo sesantya esiphezulu), kufuneka ube nenqwelomoya epheleleyo ukuphucula ukusebenza kwebhodi yesekethe. Iimpawu kufuneka zibekwe kwiinqwelomoya ezahlukeneyo, kwaye phantse akunakwenzeka ukuba zifezekise zombini ezi mfuno ngaxeshanye zisebenzisa amacwecwe amabini eepleyiti. Ukuba ufuna ukuyila i-eriyali okanye nayiphi na ibhodi ye-RF ephantsi, ungasebenzisa iindawo ezimbini. Eli nani lilandelayo libonisa umzekeliso wendlela i-PCB yakho ingazisebenzisa ngcono ngayo ezi moya.
Kuyilo lweempawu ezixubeneyo, abavelisi bahlala becebisa ukuba umhlaba we-analog wahlukaniswe nomhlaba wedijithali. Imijikelezo ye-analog ebuthathaka ichaphazeleka ngokulula kukutshintsha kwesantya esiphezulu kunye neempawu. Ukuba umhlaba we-analog kunye nedijithali wahlukile, inqwelomoya eyahluliweyo iya kwahlulwa. Nangona kunjalo, kukho oku kulandelayo. Kuya kufuneka sinike ingqalelo kwi-crosstalk kunye ne-loop yendawo yomhlaba owahluliweyo obangelwe ikakhulu kukuyeka ukusebenza kwenqwelomoya. Umzekeliso olandelayo ubonisa umzekelo weeplani ezimbini zomhlaba ezahlukeneyo. Kwicala lasekhohlo, imbuyekezo yangoku ayinakudlula ngokuthe ngqo kwindlela yomqondiso, ke kuya kubakho indawo yeluphu endaweni yokuba yenzelwe kwindawo eyi-loop elungileyo.
Ukuhambelana kombane kunye nokuphazamiseka kombane (EMI)
Uyilo lwefrikhwensi ephezulu (ezinje ngeenkqubo ze-RF), i-EMI inokuba sesona sisongelo. Inqwelomoya esemhlabeni exoxwe ngaphambili inceda ukunciphisa i-EMI, kodwa ngokwe-PCB yakho, inqwelomoya yomhlaba inokubangela ezinye iingxaki. Kwii-laminates ezinamaleko amane okanye nangaphezulu, umgama wenqwelomoya ubaluleke kakhulu. Xa amandla ombane phakathi kweenqwelomoya encinci, umhlaba wombane uya kwanda ebhodini. Kwangelo xesha, impedance phakathi kweenqwelomoya ezimbini iyancipha, ivumela ukubuyela kwangoku ukuba kugele kumoya wenqwelomoya. Oku kuyakuvelisa i-EMI kuwo nawuphi na umqondiso wokuhamba rhoqo ohamba ngenqwelomoya.
Isisombululo esilula sokuphepha i-EMI kukuthintela imiqondiso yesantya esiphezulu ekuweleni iileya ezininzi. Yongeza i-capacitor decoupling; Kwaye ubeke umhlaba omiselweyo ujikeleze iintambo zomqondiso. Eli nani lilandelayo libonisa uyilo lwe-PCB olulungileyo olunophawu lokuhamba rhoqo.
Ingxolo yecebo lokucoca ulwelo
Iibhypass capacitors kunye neeferrite ubuhlalu zezona capacitors zisetyenziselwa ukuhluza ingxolo eveliswe nangaliphi na icandelo. Ngokusisiseko, ukuba isetyenziswe kuso nasiphi na isicelo esikhawulezayo, nayiphi na iphini ye-I / O inokuba sisiseko sengxolo. Ukuze sikwazi ukuyisebenzisa ngcono le mixholo, kuya kufuneka sinike ingqalelo kwezi ngongoma zilandelayo:
Soloko ubeka ubuhlalu be-ferrite kunye nokudlula kwi-capacitors kufutshane kangangoko kumthombo wengxolo.
Xa sisebenzisa ukubekwa ngokuzenzekelayo kunye nokuhamba ngokuzenzekelayo, kuya kufuneka siqwalasele umgama wokujonga.
Kuphephe vias kunye nayiphi na enye indlela phakathi okucoca ulwelo kunye namacandelo.
Ukuba kukho inqwelomoya yasemhlabeni, sebenzisa iindawo ezininzi ngemingxunya ukuyincula ngokuchanekileyo.