Izikhokelo zoyilo lwe-PCB ezintlanu ekufuneka zifundwe ngabaqulunqi be-PCB

Ekuqaleni koyilo olutsha, ixesha elininzi lichithwe kuyilo lwesekethe kunye nokukhethwa kwecandelo, kunye PCB Uyilo kunye nenqanaba lokufaka iingcingo zihlala zingathathelwa ngqalelo ngokubanzi ngenxa yokunqongophala kwamava. Ukusilela ekunikezeleni ngexesha elaneleyo kunye nomzamo kuyilo lwe-PCB kunye nenqanaba lokuhamba kuyilo kunokubangela iingxaki kwinqanaba lokuvelisa okanye iziphene ezisebenzayo xa uyilo luguqulwa ukusuka kwindawo yedijithali ukuya kwinyani ebonakalayo. Ke yintoni eyona nto iphambili ekuyileni ibhodi yesekethe ethembekileyo ephepheni nakwimo yomzimba? Makhe sihlolisise izikhokelo ezintlanu eziphambili ze-PCB ukuyazi xa uyila i-PCB esebenzayo, esebenzayo.

ipcb

1-Kulungile tune ubeko lwecandelo lakho

Inqanaba lokufakwa kwinkqubo ye-PCB yinkqubo yesayensi kunye nobugcisa, efuna ukuqwalaselwa ngobuchule kwezinto eziphambili ezikhoyo ebhodini. Ngelixa le nkqubo inokuba ngumceli mngeni, indlela obeka ngayo i-elektroniki iya kugqiba ukuba kulula kangakanani ukwenza ibhodi yakho kunye nendlela ehlangabezana ngayo neemfuno zakho zoyilo zokuqala.

Ngelixa kukho i-odolo ngokubanzi yokubeka izinto, ezinje ngokubekwa ngokulandelelana kwezihlanganisi, izinto zokufaka i-PCB, iisekethi zamandla, iisekethi ezichanekileyo, iisekethi ezibaluleke kakhulu, njl.njl.

Ukuziqhelanisa-Ukuqinisekisa ukuba izinto ezifanayo zibekwe kwicala elinye kuya kunceda ukufezekisa inkqubo efanelekileyo kunye neemposiso ezingenazimpazamo.

Ukubekwa-kunqande ukubeka izinto ezincinci emva kwezinto ezinkulu apho zinokuchaphazeleka ngokufaka izinto ezinkulu.

Umbutho-Kuyacetyiswa ukuba zonke izinto ezingaphezulu komhlaba (SMT) zibekwe kwicala elinye lebhodi kwaye zonke izinto ezinemingxunya (TH) zibekwe ngaphezulu kwebhodi ukunciphisa amanyathelo endibano.

Isikhokelo sokugqibela se-PCB yoyilo- xa usebenzisa izinto zobuchwephesha ezixubeneyo (ngokusebenzisa umngxunya kunye nezinto zonyuso lomphezulu), umenzi unokufuna iinkqubo ezongezelelweyo zokudibanisa ibhodi, eya kuthi yongeze kwiindleko zakho xa zizonke.

Ukuqhelaniswa kwecandelo le-chip elungileyo (ngasekhohlo) kunye nokuziqhelanisa nezinto ezimbi chip (ngasekunene)

Ukubekwa kwecandelo elilungileyo (ngasekhohlo) kunye nokubekwa kwezinto ezimbi (ngasekunene)

Inombolo yesi-2-Ukubekwa ngokufanelekileyo kwamandla, isiseko kunye nokubiyela umqondiso

Emva kokubeka izinto, emva koko ubeke unikezelo lwamandla, umhlaba, kunye nocingo lomqondiso ukuqinisekisa ukuba isiginali yakho inendlela ecocekileyo, engenangxaki. Kule nqanaba lenkqubo yoyilo, gcina ezi zikhokelo zilandelayo engqondweni:

Khangela unikezelo lwamandla kunye nokubeka umaleko wenqwelomoya

Kuhlala kucetyiswa ukuba unikezelo lwamandla kunye nomaleko wenqwelomoya yomhlaba ubekwe ngaphakathi ebhodini ngelixa ulinganayo kwaye ugxile. Oku kunceda ukukhusela ibhodi yakho yesekethe ekuguqulweni, ekwabalulekile ukuba izinto zakho zibekwe ngokuchanekileyo. Ukwenza i-IC amandla, kuyacetyiswa ukuba kusetyenziswe ijelo eliqhelekileyo kunikezelo lwamandla ngalunye, qinisekisa ububanzi beentambo ezizinzileyo nezizinzileyo, kwaye kuthintelwe ukunxibelelana kwamandla kwecandelo le-Daisy.

Iintambo zomqondiso zixhunywe kwiintambo

Okulandelayo, qhagamshela umgca wesiginali ngokoyilo kumzobo wesikim. Kuyacetyiswa ukuba uhlale usenza eyona ndlela imfutshane inokwenzeka kunye nendlela ethe ngqo phakathi kwezinto. Ukuba izinto zakho zifuna ukubekwa ngokuthe tye ngaphandle kokukhetha, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ucofe amacandelo ebhodi ngokuthe tye apho aphuma khona ngocingo kwaye emva koko aphume ngocingo. Oku kuyakubamba icandelo kwindawo ethe tyaba njengoko i-solder ifuduka ngexesha le-welding. Njengoko kubonisiwe kwisiqingatha esiphezulu salo mzobo ungezantsi. Ukufakelwa kweentambo zomqondiso kuboniswe kwinxalenye esezantsi yomzobo kunokubangela ukuphambuka kwecandelo njengoko i-solder ihamba ngexesha le-welding.

Iingcingo ezinconyelweyo (iintolo zibonisa ulwalathiso lwe-solder flow)

Iingcingo ezingacetyiswanga (iintolo zibonisa ulwalathiso lwe-solder)

Chaza ububanzi benethiwekhi

Uyilo lwakho lunokufuna iinethiwekhi ezahlukeneyo eziza kuthwala imisinga eyahlukeneyo, eya kuthi ichonge ububanzi benethiwekhi obufunekayo. Ukuthathela ingqalelo le mfuno isisiseko, kuyacetyiswa ukubonelela nge-0.010 “(10mil) ububanzi beempawu zangoku ze-analog kunye neempawu zedijithali. Xa umgca wakho wangoku ungaphezulu kwe-0.3 amperes, kuya kufuneka yandiswe. Nantsi indawo yokubala enobubanzi besimahla yokwenza inkqubo yokuguqula ibe lula.

Inani lesithathu. – Ukuvalelwa okusebenzayo

Mhlawumbi uye wafumanisa ukuba zinkulu kangakanani ii-voltage kunye neepikhi zangoku kwiisekethe zonikezelo lwamandla ezinokuphazamisa iisekethe zakho zolawulo lwamandla asezantsi. Ukunciphisa iingxaki zokuphazamiseka, landela ezi zikhokelo zilandelayo:

Ukubekwa wedwa-Qinisekisa ukuba umthombo wamandla ngamnye ugcinwa wahlukile kumthombo wamandla kunye nomthombo wolawulo. Ukuba kufuneka uzidibanise kunye kwi-PCB, qiniseka ukuba isondele esiphelweni sendlela yamandla kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

Ubeko-Ukuba ubeke iplanethi yomhlaba kulwaleko oluphakathi, qiniseka ukubeka indlela encinci yempembelelo ukunciphisa umngcipheko walo naluphi na uphazamiseko lwesekethe yamandla kwaye uncede ukukhusela umqondiso wolawulo lwakho. Izikhokelo ezifanayo zinokulandelwa ukugcina i-digital kunye ne-analog yakho yahlukile.

Ukudibanisa -Ukunciphisa ukudityaniswa kwe-capacitive ngenxa yokubeka iiplanethi ezinkulu zomhlaba kunye nokufaka iintambo ngaphezulu nangaphantsi kwazo, zama ukuwela ukulinganisa umhlaba kuphela ngemigca yesiginali ye-analog.

Imizekelo yokuzahlula ngokwamacandelo (yedijithali kunye neanalog)

Inombolo 4-Sombulula ingxaki yobushushu

Ngaba wakha wonakaliswa yintsebenzo yesekethe okanye ukonakala kwebhodi yesekethe ngenxa yeengxaki zobushushu? Kuba akukho kuthathelwa ingqalelo ukusasazeka kobushushu, zininzi iingxaki ezibetha abayili abaninzi. Nazi izikhokelo zokugcina engqondweni ukunceda ukusombulula iingxaki zokuchithwa kobushushu:

Chonga izinto ezinobunzima

Isinyathelo sokuqala kukuqalisa ukucinga malunga nokuba zeziphi izinto eziza kutshabalalisa ubushushu obuninzi ebhodini. Oku kunokwenziwa ngokufumana kuqala “ukumelana nobushushu” kwinqanaba ledatha yecandelo kwaye emva koko kulandele izikhokelo ezicetyiswayo zokudlulisa ubushushu obuvelisiweyo. Ewe ungongeza iiradiyetha kunye neefeni zokupholisa ukugcina izinto zipholile, kwaye khumbula ukugcina izinto ezibalulekileyo kude nakweyiphi na imithombo yobushushu ephezulu.

Yongeza iiphedi zomoya ezishushu

Ukongezwa kweepads zomoya ezishushu ziluncedo kakhulu kwiibhodi zesekethe ezinokuthambeka, zibalulekile kumacandelo omxholo wobhedu ophezulu kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamaza e-soldering kwiibhodi zesekethe ze-multilayer. Ngenxa yobunzima bokugcina ubushushu benkqubo, kuhlala kucetyiswa ukuba kusetyenziswe iiphedi zomoya ezishushu kwizinto ezinemingxunya eyenziweyo ukuze kwenziwe inkqubo ye-welding ngokulula ngokunciphisa isantya sokuchithwa kobushushu kwizikhonkwane zamacandelo.

Njengomgaqo oqhelekileyo, soloko uqhagamshela nayiphi na imingxunya okanye umngxunya oxhumeke emhlabeni okanye inqwelomoya yamandla usebenzisa iphedi yomoya oshushu. Ukongeza kwiipads zomoya ezishushu, unokongeza iinyembezi kwi indawo yomtya wokudibanisa ukubonelela ngefoyile eyongezelelweyo / inkxaso yenkcenkce. Oku kuya kunceda ukunciphisa uxinzelelo loomatshini kunye nokushushubeza.

Uqhagamshelo lohlobo lomatshini oshushu womoya

Inzululwazi yomoya oshushu:

Iinjineli ezininzi eziphethe iNkqubo okanye i-SMT kumzi-mveliso zihlala zihlangana namandla ombane okuzenzekelayo, ezinje ngeziphene zebhodi yombane ezinje ngokuzenzekelayo okungenanto, ukumanzisa amanzi, okanye ukumanzisa kubanda. Nokuba ungayitshintsha njani imeko yeenkqubo okanye uvuselele ubushushu besithando somlilo ukuba ungalungisa njani, kukho inani elithile le-tin alinakudityaniswa. Kwenzeka ntoni apha?

Ngaphandle kwamacandelo kunye neebhodi zesekethe ingxaki ye-oxidation, phanda ukubuyela kwayo emva kwenxalenye enkulu kakhulu ye-welding ekhoyo embi evela kuyilo lwebhodi yeesekethe (uyilo) alukho, kwaye enye yezona zinto zixhaphakileyo kukwizinto iinyawo ezithile ze-welding ezidityaniswe kwiphepha lobhedu lendawo enkulu, la macandelo emva kokuvuselelwa kweenyawo ze-welding welding, Ezinye izinto zentsimbi ezenziwe ngesandla zinokubangela ukuwelda okungeyonyani okanye ukubopha iingxaki ngenxa yeemeko ezifanayo, kwaye ezinye ziye zisilele ukuwelda amacandelo ngenxa yokufudumeza kakhulu.

I-PCB ngokubanzi kuyilo lwesekethe ihlala ifuna ukubeka indawo enkulu yefoyile yobhedu njengombane wamandla (Vcc, Vdd okanye Vss) kunye neGround (GND, Ground). Ezi ndawo zinkulu zefoyile yobhedu zihlala zixhunyaniswe ngokuthe ngqo kwiisekethe ezithile zolawulo (ICS) kunye nezikhonkwane zezinto ze-elektroniki.

Ngelishwa, ukuba sifuna ukufudumeza le mimandla mikhulu ye-foil foil kwiqondo lokunyibilika kwitin, ihlala ithatha ixesha elingaphezulu kuneepads ezizezinye (ukufudumeza kuhamba kancinci), kwaye ukutshabalalisa ubushushu kuyakhawuleza. Xa isiphelo somatshini omkhulu wobhedu wefoyile uqhagamshelwe kumacandelo amancinci anje ngokuxhathisa okuncinci kunye namandla amancinci, kwaye elinye icala alinjalo, kulula ukudibanisa iingxaki ngenxa yokungangqinelani kokunyibilika kwitin kunye nexesha lokuqina; Ukuba iqondo lobushushu lokujika kwe-welding ayilungelelaniswanga kakuhle, kwaye ixesha lokushushubeza alonelanga, iinyawo ze-solder zala macandelo adityaniswe kwifoyile enkulu yobhedu kulula ukwenza ingxaki ye-welding ebonakalayo kuba ayinakufikelela kubushushu be-tin.

Ngexesha lokuSoldering ngesandla, amalungu adibeneyo ezinto ezixhumene neefoyile ezinkulu zobhedu ziya kutshabalalisa ngokukhawuleza okukhulu ukugqiba ngexesha elifunekayo. Ezona ziphene zixhaphakileyo zii-soldering kunye ne-soldering ebonakalayo, apho i-solder ifakwe kuphela kwipini yecandelo kwaye ayixhumekanga kwiphedi yebhodi yesekethe. Ukususela ekubonakaleni, yonke into edityanisiweyo iyakwenza ibhola; Ngaphezu, opharetha ukuze welding iinyawo welding kwibhodi yesekethe kwaye rhoqo ukwandisa ubushushu intsimbi ngelotha, okanye ukufudumeza ixesha elide kakhulu, ukuze amacandelo ukugqitha ubushushu ukumelana ubushushu kunye nomonakalo ngaphandle kokwazi oko. Njengoko kubonisiwe kulo mzobo ungezantsi.

Kuba siyayazi inqaku lengxaki, singayisombulula ingxaki. Ngokubanzi, sifuna oko kubizwa ngokuba kuyilo lwephedi yokuNceda ukusombulula ingxaki ye-welding ebangelwa ziinyawo zewelding zezinto ezinkulu zokudibanisa izinto zobhedu. Njengoko kubonisiwe kulo mzobo ungezantsi, i-wiring ekhohlo ayisebenzisi iphedi yomoya oshushu, ngelixa i-wiring esekunene yamkele uqhagamshelo lomoya oshushu. Kuyabonakala ukuba kukho imigca embalwa kuphela encinci kwindawo yokunxibelelana phakathi kwephedi kunye nefoyile enkulu yobhedu, enokuthi inciphise kakhulu ilahleko yeqondo lobushushu kwiphedi kwaye ifezekise ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-welding.

No. 5-Jonga umsebenzi wakho

Kulula ukuba uzive ukhululekile ekupheleni kweprojekthi yoyilo xa ukhupha kwaye ukhukhumeza zonke iziqwenga kunye. Ke ngoko, ukuphinda-phinda kathathu ukujonga iinzame zakho zoyilo kweli nqanaba kunokuthetha umahluko phakathi kwempumelelo yemveliso kunye nokusilela.

Ukunceda ukugqibezela inkqubo yolawulo lomgangatho, sihlala sicebisa ukuba uqale ngetsheki yoMgaqo wombane (ERC) kunye noyilo loMgaqo wokutshekisha (iDRC) ukuqinisekisa ukuba uyilo lwakho luhlangabezana ngokupheleleyo nayo yonke imigaqo kunye nezithintelo. Ngeenkqubo zombini, unokujonga ngokulula ububanzi bokucaca, ububanzi bomgca, useto oluqhelekileyo lokuvelisa, iimfuno zesantya esiphezulu kunye neesekethe ezifutshane.

Xa i-ERC kunye neDRC yakho ivelisa iziphumo ezingenazimpazamo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ujonge iintambo zomqondiso ngamnye, ukusuka kwisikimu ukuya kwi-PCB, umgca omnye wesiginali ngexesha lokuqinisekisa ukuba awuphoswa lulwazi. Kwakhona, sebenzisa isixhobo sakho sokuyila kunye nobuchule bokufihla ukuqinisekisa ukuba izinto zakho zobeko lwePCB zihambelana nesikimu sakho.