Izinga le-soldering linomthelela omkhulu kwikhwalithi jikelele ye PCB. Ngokusebenzisa i-soldering, izingxenye ezihlukene ze-PCB zixhunywe kwezinye izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi ukwenza i-PCB isebenze kahle futhi ifeze injongo yayo. Lapho ochwepheshe bezimboni behlola ikhwalithi yezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi kanye nemishini, enye yezinto ezivelele kakhulu ekuhloleni ikhono lokuthengisa.

Ukuze uqiniseke, i-welding ilula kakhulu. Kodwa lokhu kudinga ukuzijwayeza ukuzenza kahle. Njengoba isisho sithi, “ukuzijwayeza kungaba okuphelele.” Ngisho no-novice angenza i-solder esebenzayo. Kodwa empilweni yonke kanye nomsebenzi wemishini, umsebenzi wokushisela ohlanzekile nochwepheshe uyadingeka.

Kulo mhlahlandlela, sigqamisa ezinye zezinkinga ezivame ukwenzeka ngesikhathi senqubo yokushisela. Uma ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe mayelana nokuthi kubiza malini ukwenza i-solder ephelele, lesi yisiqondiso sakho.

Iyini i-solder efanelekile?

Kunzima ukufaka zonke izinhlobo zamalunga e-solder ekuchazeni okuphelele. Kuye ngohlobo lwe-solder, i-PCB esetshenzisiwe noma izingxenye ezixhunywe ku-PCB, i-solder efanelekile ehlangene ingase ishintshe kakhulu. Noma kunjalo, amalunga amaningi e-solder asenayo:

Imanzi te

Indawo ebushelelezi futhi ecwebezelayo

Amakhona ahoxisiwe ahlanzekile

Ukuze uthole amajoyinti e-solder afanelekile, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi amalunga e-SMD solder noma ama-solder angena emgodini, kufanele kusetshenziswe inani elifanele le-solder, futhi ithiphu lensimbi elifanele kufanele lishiswe libe izinga lokushisa elinembile futhi lilungele ukuxhumana PCB. Kukhishwe isendlalelo se-oxide.

Okulandelayo yizinkinga eziyisishiyagalolunye ezivame kakhulu namaphutha okungenzeka uma kushiselwa abasebenzi abangenalwazi:

1. Ibhuloho lokushisela

Ama-PCB kanye nezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi ziya ziba zincane futhi zibe zincane, futhi kunzima ukuphatha eduze kwe-PCB, ikakhulukazi uma uzama ukudayisa. Uma ichopho lensimbi oyisebenzisayo lilikhulu kakhulu ku-PCB, kungase kwakheka ibhuloho eleqile.

Soldering ibhuloho libhekisela lapho impahla yokunamathisela ixhuma izixhumi PCB ezimbili noma ngaphezulu. Lokhu kuyingozi kakhulu. Uma ingabonwa, ingabangela ibhodi lesifunda ukuba lifinyezwe futhi lishiswe. Qiniseka ukuthi ngaso sonke isikhathi usebenzisa ithiphu lensimbi elinosayizi olungile ukuze uvimbele amabhuloho asoda.

2. I-solder eningi kakhulu

Abaqalayo nabaqalayo bavame ukusebenzisa i-solder eningi kakhulu lapho behlanganiswa, futhi amabhola amakhulu e-solder amise okwebhamuza akhiwa emajoyini e-solder. Ngaphezu kwalokho okubukeka njengokukhula okuxakile ku-PCB, uma i-solder joint isebenza kahle, kungase kube nzima ukuyithola. Kukhona isikhala esiningi sephutha ngaphansi kwamabhola e-solder.

Umkhuba omuhle kakhulu ukusebenzisa i-solder kancane futhi wengeze i-solder uma kunesidingo. I-solder kufanele ihlanzeke ngangokunokwenzeka futhi ibe namakhona amahle aphelile.

3. Umthungo obandayo

Lapho izinga lokushisa lensimbi ye-solder liphansi kunezinga lokushisa elilungile, noma isikhathi sokushisa sokuhlanganiswa kwe-solder sifushane kakhulu, i-solder ebandayo ehlangene izokwenzeka. Imithungo ebandayo inokubukeka okufiphele, okungcolile, okufana nephakethe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, banokuphila okufushane nokwethenjelwa okubi. Kunzima futhi ukuhlola ukuthi amajoyinti abandayo e-solder azosebenza kahle yini ngaphansi kwezimo zamanje noma anciphise ukusebenza kwe-PCB.

4. I-node eshile

Ilunga elishile liphambene ncamashi nelunga elibandayo. Ngokusobala, i-solder iron iron isebenza ekushiseni okungaphezu kwezinga lokushisa elilungile, amalunga e-solder adalula i-PCB emthonjeni wokushisa isikhathi eside, noma kusekhona ungqimba lwe-oxide ku-PCB, okuvimbela ukudluliswa kokushisa okuphezulu. Ingaphezulu lelunga liyasha. Uma iphedi iphakanyiswa endaweni ehlangene, i-PCB ingase yonakale futhi ayikwazi ukulungiswa.

5. Itshe lamatshe

Uma uzama ukuxhuma izingxenye ze-electronic (njengama-transistors nama-capacitor) ku-PCB, amatshe amathuna avame ukuvela. Uma zonke izinhlangothi zengxenye zixhunywe kahle kuma-pads futhi zithengiswa, ingxenye izobe iqondile.

Ukwehluleka ukufinyelela izinga lokushisa elidingekayo ngenqubo yokushisela kungase kubangele uhlangothi olulodwa noma ngaphezulu ukuthi luphakame, kuphumele ekubukekeni okufana nethuna. Ukuwa kwetshe lethuna kuzothinta impilo yamalunga e-solder futhi kungase kube nomthelela omubi ekusebenzeni okushisayo kwe-PCB.

Enye yezinkinga ezivame kakhulu ezibangela ukuba itshe lethuna liphuke ngesikhathi sokushintshaniswa kwe-reflow ukushisa okungalingani kuhhavini ogelezayo, okungabangela ukumanzisa ngaphambi kwesikhathi kwe-solder ezindaweni ezithile ze-PCB ngokuhlobene nezinye izindawo. I-ovini yokugeleza eyenziwe ngokwayo ngokuvamile inenkinga yokushisa okungalingani. Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukuthi uthenge imishini yobuchwepheshe.

6. Ukuchama okunganele

Elinye lamaphutha ajwayelekile enziwa abaqalayo kanye nabaqalayo ukuntuleka kokumanzisa kwamalunga e-solder. Amajoyinti e-solder angamanziswanga kahle aqukethe i-solder encane kune-solder edingekayo ukuze kuxhunywe kahle phakathi kwamaphedi e-PCB kanye nezingxenye ze-electronic ezixhunywe ku-PCB nge-solder.

Ukumanzisa okungalungile kokuthintana cishe kuzokhawulela noma konakalise ukusebenza kwezinto zikagesi, ukwethembeka nempilo yesevisi izoba mbi kakhulu, futhi ingase ibangele isekethe emfishane, ngaleyo ndlela kulimaze kabi i-PCB. Lesi simo sivame ukwenzeka lapho i-solder enganele isetshenziswa kule nqubo.

7. Jump welding

I-Jump welding ingase yenzeke ezandleni zokushisela umshini noma abashiseli abangenalwazi. Kungenzeka ngenxa yokuntuleka kokugxilisa ingqondo komsebenzisi. Ngokufanayo, imishini engalungiselelwe kahle ingase yeqe kalula amalunga e-solder noma ingxenye yamajoyinti e-solder.

Lokhu kushiya isifunda sisesimweni esivulekile futhi kukhubaza izindawo ezithile noma yonke i-PCB. Thatha isikhathi sakho futhi uhlole wonke amalunga e-solder ngokucophelela.

8. Iphedi liyaphakanyiswa

Ngenxa yamandla amakhulu noma ukushisa okwenziwa ku-PCB ngesikhathi senqubo yokuhlanganisa, amaphedi asezindaweni ze-solder azokhuphuka. Iphedi izophakamisa ubuso be-PCB, futhi kunengozi engaba khona ye-short circuit, engase ilimaze lonke ibhodi lesifunda. Qiniseka ukuthi ufaka kabusha amaphedi ku-PCB ngaphambi kokuhlanganisa izingxenye.

9. Iwebhu nokuchaphaza

Lapho ibhodi lesifunda lingcoliswa ukungcola okuthinta inqubo ye-solder noma ngenxa yokusetshenziswa okunganele kwe-flux, i-webbing kanye ne-spatter izokhiqizwa ebhodini lesifunda. Ngaphezu kokubukeka okungcolile kwe-PCB, ulwebhu kanye nokuchaphaza nakho kuyingozi enkulu yesiyingi esifushane, engase ilimaze ibhodi lesifunda.