Ukucutshungulwa kwesikrini sikasilika ngaphakathi PCB idizayini iyisixhumanisi esinganakwa kalula ngonjiniyela. Ngokuvamile, wonke umuntu akakunaki kakhulu futhi ukusingatha ngokuthanda kwakhe, kodwa okungahleliwe kulesi sigaba kungaholela kalula ezinkingeni ekufakweni nasekulungiseni amaphutha ezingxenyeni zebhodi esikhathini esizayo, noma ngisho nokubhujiswa okuphelele. Lahla umklamo wakho wonke.

1. Ilebula yedivayisi ibekwe phezu kwephedi noma nge
Ekubekweni kwenombolo yedivayisi engu-R1 esithombeni esingezansi, u-“1” ubekwe kuphedi yocingo. Lesi simo sivame kakhulu. Cishe wonke unjiniyela wenze leli phutha ngenkathi eklama i-PCB ekuqaleni, ngoba akulula ukubona inkinga kusofthiwe yokuklama. Lapho ibhodi litholakala, kutholakala ukuthi inombolo yengxenye imakwe yiphedi noma ayinalutho kakhulu. Udidekile, akunakwenzeka ukusho.

2. Ilebula yedivayisi ibekwe ngaphansi kwephakheji

Ku-U1 esithombeni esingezansi, mhlawumbe wena noma umenzi aninankinga lapho ufaka idivayisi okokuqala, kodwa uma udinga ukulungisa iphutha noma ukufaka esikhundleni idivayisi, uzocindezeleka kakhulu futhi awukwazi ukuthola ukuthi i-U1 ikuphi. I-U2 icace kakhulu futhi iyindlela efanele yokuyibeka.

3. Ilebula yedivayisi ayihambisani ngokucacile nedivayisi ehambisanayo

Ngo-R1 kanye no-R2 esithombeni esilandelayo, uma ungahloli ifayela lomthombo we-PCB lokuklama, ungasho ukuthi yikuphi ukumelana okuyi-R1 nokuthi yikuphi u-R2? Ungayifaka kanjani futhi uyilungise kanjani? Ngakho-ke, ilebula yedivayisi kufanele ibekwe ukuze umfundi azi isichasiso sayo ngokubuka nje, futhi kungabikho ukungaqondakali.

4. Ifonti yelebula yedivayisi incane kakhulu

Ngenxa yomkhawulo wesikhala sebhodi nokuminyana kwengxenye, ngokuvamile kufanele sisebenzise amafonti amancane ukulebula idivayisi, kodwa kunoma yikuphi, kufanele siqinisekise ukuthi ilebula yedivayisi “iyafundeka”, ngaphandle kwalokho incazelo yelebula yedivayisi izolahleka. . Ngaphezu kwalokho, izitshalo ezahlukene ze-PCB zokucubungula zinezinqubo ezahlukene. Ngisho nosayizi wefonti ofanayo, imiphumela yezitshalo zokucubungula ezihlukene ihluke kakhulu. Ngezinye izikhathi, ikakhulukazi lapho wenza imikhiqizo esemthethweni, ukuze uqinisekise umphumela womkhiqizo, kufanele uthole ukunemba kokucubungula. Abakhiqizi abaphezulu abazocutshungulwa.

Usayizi wefonti ofanayo, amafonti ahlukene anemiphumela ehlukene yokuphrinta. Isibonelo, ifonti ezenzakalelayo ye-Altium Designer, noma usayizi wefonti mkhulu, kunzima ukuyifunda ebhodini le-PCB. Uma ushintshela kwelinye lamafonti “Ohlobo Lweqiniso”, Ngisho noma usayizi wefonti ungamasayizi amabili amancane, angafundwa ngokucace kakhulu.

5. Amadivayisi aseduze anamalebula edivayisi angacacile
Bheka ama-resistors amabili emfanekisweni ongezansi. Ilabhulali yephakheji yedivayisi ayinalo uhlaka. Ngalawa ma-pads ama-4, awukwazi ukwahlulela ukuthi yimaphi amaphedi amabili awe-resistor, ingasaphathwa eyokuthi iliphi i-R1 nelingu-R2. I-NS. Ukubekwa kweziphikisayo kungase kube okuvundlile noma kume mpo. I-solder engalungile izodala amaphutha esekethe, noma amasekethe amafushane, kanye neminye imiphumela emibi kakhulu.

6. Indawo yokubeka ilebula yedivayisi ayihleliwe
Indlela yelebula yedivayisi ku-PCB kufanele ibe ohlangothini olulodwa ngangokunokwenzeka, futhi okungenani ibe yizikhombisi-ndlela ezimbili. Ukubeka okungahleliwe kuzokwenza ukufaka kwakho nokulungisa iphutha kube nzima kakhulu, ngoba udinga ukusebenza kanzima ukuze uthole idivayisi odinga ukuyithola. Amalebula engxenye kwesokunxele emfanekisweni ongezansi abekwe ngendlela efanele, kanti lena engakwesokudla yimbi kakhulu.

7. Alukho uphawu lwenombolo engu-Pin1 kudivayisi ye-IC
Iphakheji yedivayisi ye-IC (Integrated Circuit) inophawu lokuphina lokuqala olucacile eduze ne-Pin 1, njengokuthi “ichashazi” noma “inkanyezi” ukuze kuqinisekiswe umumo olungile uma i-IC ifakiwe. Uma ifakwe ihlehle, idivayisi ingase yonakale futhi ibhodi lisuswe. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi lolu phawu alukwazi ukufakwa ngaphansi kwe-IC ukuze imbozwe, ngaphandle kwalokho kuzoba nzima kakhulu ukulungisa iphutha lesekhethi. Njengoba kuboniswe emfanekisweni ongezansi, kunzima ku-U1 ukwahlulela ukuthi iyiphi inkomba okufanele ayibeke, kuyilapho i-U2 kulula ukwehlulela, ngoba iphinikhodi yokuqala iyisikwele kanti ezinye izikhonkwane ziyindilinga.

8. Alukho uphawu lwe-polarity kumishini eyenziwe nge-polarized
Amadivayisi amaningi anemilenze emibili, njengama-LED, ama-electrolytic capacitor, njll., ane-polarity (isiqondiso). Uma zifakwe ngendlela engafanele, isifunda ngeke sisebenze noma ngisho nedivayisi izolimala. Uma isiqondiso se-LED singalungile, ngeke nakanjani sikhanyise, futhi idivayisi ye-LED izolimala ngenxa yokuwohloka kwe-voltage, futhi i-electrolytic capacitor ingase iqhume. Ngakho-ke, lapho kwakhiwa umtapo wezincwadi walezi zixhobo, i-polarity kufanele imakwe ngokucacile, futhi uphawu lokumaka lwe-polarity alukwazi ukubekwa ngaphansi kohlaka lwedivayisi, ngaphandle kwalokho uphawu lwe-polarity luzovinjelwa ngemva kokufakwa kwedivayisi, okubangela ubunzima ekulungiseni iphutha. . I-C1 esithombeni esingezansi ayilungile, ngoba uma i-capacitor ifakwe ebhodini, akunakwenzeka ukwahlulela ukuthi i-polarity yayo ilungile, futhi indlela ye-C2 ilungile.

9. Akukho ukukhululwa kokushisa
Ukusebenzisa ukukhishwa kokushisa kumaphini wengxenye kungenza i-soldering ibe lula. Ungase ungafuni ukusebenzisa ukukhululeka kokushisa ukuze unciphise ukumelana nogesi kanye nokumelana nokushisa, kodwa ukungasebenzisi impumuzo eshisayo kungenza ukusoda kube nzima kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma amaphedi edivayisi exhunywe emithonjeni emikhulu noma ekugcwalisweni kwethusi. Uma ukukhishwa okufanele kokushisa kungasetshenziswa, iminonjana emikhulu kanye nezigcwalisi zethusi njengamasinki okushisa kungase kubangele ubunzima ekushisiseni amaphedi. Emfanekisweni ongezansi, iphinikhodi yomthombo we-Q1 ayinakho ukukhishwa kokushisa, futhi i-MOSFET ingase ibe nzima ukuyidambisa futhi idilize. Iphinikhodi yomthombo ye-Q2 inomsebenzi wokukhipha ukushisa, futhi i-MOSFET kulula ukuyithengisa nokuyichitha. Abaklami be-PCB bangashintsha inani lokukhululwa kokushisa ukuze balawule ukumelana nokushisa kokuxhumana. Isibonelo, abaklami be-PCB bangabeka imikhondo kuphinikhodi yomthombo we-Q2 ukuze bakhulise inani lethusi elixhuma umthombo endaweni ephansi.