Ngaphambi kokuklama I-PCB ye-multilayer ibhodi, umklami udinga kuqala anqume ukwakheka kwebhodi lesifunda elisetshenziswa ngokwesikali sesekethe, usayizi webhodi lesifunda kanye nezidingo zokuhambisana kwe-electromagnetic (EMC), okungukuthi, ukunquma ukuthi asebenzise izendlalelo ezi-4, izendlalelo ezi-6, noma izendlalelo Eziningi zamabhodi wesekethe. . Ngemva kokunquma inani lezendlalelo, nquma ukuthi uzibeke kuphi izingqimba zikagesi zangaphakathi nendlela yokusabalalisa amasignali ahlukene kulezi zingqimba. Lokhu ukukhetha kwesakhiwo sesitaki se-PCB sezendlalelo eziningi.

Isakhiwo esine-laminated siyisici esibalulekile esithinta ukusebenza kwe-EMC yamabhodi e-PCB, futhi kuyindlela ebalulekile yokucindezela ukuphazamiseka kukazibuthe. Lesi sihloko sethula okuqukethwe okufanele kwesakhiwo sesitaki sebhodi le-PCB yezingxenye eziningi.

Ngemva kokunquma inani lamandla, izingqimba zomhlabathi nezesiginali, ukuhlelwa kwazo okuhlobene kuyisihloko wonke unjiniyela we-PCB angeke akwazi ukusigwema;

Umgomo ojwayelekile wokuhlelwa kwesendlalelo:

1. Ukuze unqume isakhiwo esine-laminated sebhodi le-PCB ye-multilayer, izici eziningi zidinga ukucatshangelwa. Ngokombono we-wiring, izendlalelo eziningi, i-wiring engcono, kodwa izindleko nobunzima bokukhiqiza ibhodi kuzokwanda. Kubakhiqizi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isakhiwo esine-laminated sinokulinganisa noma cha, ukugxila okudingeka kunakwe lapho amabhodi e-PCB ekhiqizwa, ngakho-ke ukukhethwa kwenani lezendlalelo kudinga ukucabangela izidingo zazo zonke izici ukuze kuzuzwe ibhalansi engcono kakhulu. Kubaklami abanolwazi, ngemva kokuqeda ukwakheka kwangaphambilini kwezingxenye, bazogxila ekuhlaziyweni kwebhodlela le-PCB lezintambo. Hlanganisa namanye amathuluzi e-EDA ukuze uhlaziye ukuminyana kwezintambo zebhodi lesifunda; bese uhlanganisa inombolo nezinhlobo zemigqa yesignali enezidingo ezikhethekile zokufaka izintambo, njengemigqa ehlukanisayo, imigqa yesignali ebucayi, njll., ukuze kutholwe inani lezendlalelo zesignali; bese ngokusho kohlobo lokunikezwa kwamandla, ukuhlukaniswa kanye nokuphikisana nokuphazamiseka Izidingo zokunquma inani lezendlalelo zikagesi zangaphakathi. Ngale ndlela, inani lezingqimba zalo lonke ibhodi lesifunda linqunywa ngokuyisisekelo.

2. Iphansi lengxenye yendawo (ungqimba lwesibili) yindiza ephansi, ehlinzeka ngesendlalelo sokuvikela idivayisi kanye nendiza yereferensi yezintambo eziphezulu; ungqimba lwesignali olubucayi kufanele lube eduze nongqimba lukagesi lwangaphakathi (amandla angaphakathi/ungqimba lomhlabathi), kusetshenziswa isendlalelo esikhulu sangaphakathi sikagesi seCopper ifilimu ukuze sinikeze isivikelo sesendlalelo sesignali. Isendlalelo sokudlulisa isignali enesivinini esiphezulu kusekethe kufanele sibe ungqimba olumaphakathi lwesignali futhi luhlukaniswe phakathi kwezingqimba ezimbili zikagesi zangaphakathi. Ngale ndlela, ifilimu yethusi yezingqimba ezimbili zikagesi zangaphakathi ingahlinzeka ngokuzivikela kwe-electromagnetic ukudluliselwa kwesignali ngesivinini esikhulu, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, inganciphisa ngokuphumelelayo imisebe yesignali yesivinini esikhulu phakathi kwezingqimba ezimbili zangaphakathi zikagesi ngaphandle kokubangela. ukuphazamiseka kwangaphandle.

3. Zonke izingqimba zesignali ziseduze ngangokunokwenzeka endizeni yaphansi;

4. Zama ukugwema izingqimba ezimbili zesignali ezincikene ngokuqondile; kulula ukwethula i-crosstalk phakathi kwezendlalelo zesignali eziseduze, okuholela ekuhlulekeni komsebenzi wesekethe. Ukwengeza indiza ephansi phakathi kwezingqimba ezimbili zesignali kungagwema ngempumelelo i-crosstalk.

5. Umthombo wamandla oyinhloko usondelene kakhulu nawo ngokuhambisanayo;

6. Cabangela ukulinganisa kwesakhiwo se-laminated.

7. Ngokwakheka kwesendlalelo sebhodi le-motherboard, kunzima kuma-motherboards akhona ukulawula izintambo ezihambisanayo zebanga elide. Ngemvamisa yokusebenza yeleveli yebhodi engaphezu kuka-50MHZ (bheka isimo esingaphansi kuka-50MHZ, sicela ukhululeke ngokufanele), kuyanconywa ukuhlela lo mgomo:

Ingaphezulu lengxenye nendawo yokushisela kuyindiza ephansi egcwele (isihlangu);Azikho izendlalelo zezintambo ezihambisanayo eziseduze;Zonke izingqimba zesignali ziseduze ngangokunokwenzeka endizeni yaphansi;

Isignali yokhiye iseduze nephansi futhi ayinqamuli ukwahlukanisa.

Qaphela: Uma usetha izendlalelo ezithile ze-PCB, imigomo engenhla kufanele ibe nkulu ngokuguquguqukayo. Ngokusekelwe ekuqondeni izimiso ezingenhla, ngokwezidingo zangempela zebhodi elilodwa, njengokuthi: noma ngabe isendlalelo sezintambo ezingukhiye, ukunikezwa kwamandla, ukuhlukaniswa kwendiza yaphansi kuyadingeka, njll. , Ukunquma ukuhlelwa kwezingqimba, futhi ungakwenzi t vele uyikopishe ngokungagwegwesi, noma ngibambelele kuyo.

8. Izingqimba eziningi zikagesi zangaphakathi ezisekelwe phansi zinganciphisa ngempumelelo i-impedance yomhlabathi. Isibonelo, ungqimba lwesignali engu-A kanye nongqimba lwesignali engu-B zisebenzisa izindiza ezihlukene zomhlaba, ezinganciphisa ngempumelelo ukuphazamiseka kwemodi evamile.

Isakhiwo esinezingqimba esivame ukusetshenziswa: ibhodi elinezingqimba ezi-4

Okulandelayo kusebenzisa isibonelo sebhodi elinezingqimba ezi-4 ukukhombisa indlela yokuthuthukisa ukuhleleka nokuhlanganiswa kwezakhiwo ezihlukene ezinamalayini.

Kumabhodi anezingqimba ezi-4 avame ukusetshenziswa, kunezindlela zokunqwabelanisa ezilandelayo (kusuka phezulu kuye phansi).

(1) Siganl_1 (Phezulu), GND (Inner_1), AMANDLA (Inner_2), Siganl_2 (Phansi).

(2) Siganl_1 (Phezulu), AMANDLA (Inner_1), GND (Inner_2), Siganl_2 (Phansi).

(3) AMANDLA (Phezulu), Siganl_1 (Inner_1), GND (Inner_2), Siganl_2 (Phansi).

Ngokusobala, inketho yesi-3 ayinakho ukuhlanganisa okusebenzayo phakathi kwesendlalelo samandla nesendlalelo esingaphansi futhi akufanele yamukelwe.

Khona-ke kufanele kukhethwe kanjani izinketho zoku-1 no-2?

Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, abaklami bazokhetha inketho 1 njengesakhiwo sebhodi le-4-layer. Isizathu sokukhetha akukona ukuthi Inketho 2 ayikwazi ukwamukelwa, kodwa ukuthi ibhodi elijwayelekile le-PCB libeka izingxenye kuphela ungqimba olungaphezulu, ngakho-ke kufaneleka kakhulu ukusebenzisa Inketho 1.

Kodwa uma izingxenye zidinga ukubekwa kuzo zombili izendlalelo ezingaphezulu nezingaphansi, futhi ukushuba kwe-dielectric phakathi kongqimba lwamandla angaphakathi nongqimba lomhlabathi kukhulu futhi ukuhlangana kubi, kuyadingeka ukucabangela ukuthi yisiphi isendlalelo esinemigqa yesignali embalwa. Ngenketho 1, kunemigqa yesignali embalwa kungqimba olungezansi, futhi ifilimu yethusi yendawo enkulu ingasetshenziswa ukubhangqwa nesendlalelo saMANDLA; ngokuphambene nalokho, uma izingxenye zihlelwe ngokuyinhloko kungqimba olungezansi, Inketho yesi-2 kufanele isetshenziselwe ukwenza ibhodi.

Uma isakhiwo se-laminated samukelwe, isendlalelo samandla kanye nongqimba lomhlabathi sekuhlanganiswe kakade. Uma kucatshangelwa izidingo ze-symmetry, uhlelo 1 luvame ukwamukelwa.

6-ungqimba ibhodi

Ngemva kokuphothula ukuhlaziywa kwesakhiwo se-laminated sebhodi le-4-layer, okulandelayo kusebenzisa isibonelo senhlanganisela yebhodi ye-6-ungqimba ukuze ubonise ukuhlelwa nokuhlanganiswa kwebhodi le-6-layer kanye nendlela ekhethwayo.

(1) Siganl_1 (Phezulu), GND (Inner_1), Siganl_2 (Inner_2), Siganl_3 (Inner_3), amandla (Inner_4), Siganl_4 (Phansi).

Isixazululo 1 sisebenzisa izendlalelo zesignali ezi-4 kanye nezingqimba ze-2 zangaphakathi zamandla / phansi, ezinezingqimba eziningi zesignali, ezihambisana nomsebenzi wokufaka izintambo phakathi kwezingxenye, kodwa amaphutha alesi sixazululo nawo abonakala ngokucacile, abonakaliswa kulezi zici ezimbili ezilandelayo:

① Indiza yamandla nendiza yaphansi ziqhelelene kakhulu, futhi azihlangene ngokwanele.

② Isendlalelo sesignali Siganl_2 (Inner_2) kanye ne-Siganl_3 (Inner_3) zisondelene ngokuqondile, ngakho-ke ukuhlukaniswa kwesignali akulungile futhi i-crosstalk kulula ukwenzeka.

(2) Siganl_1 (Phezulu), Siganl_2 (Inner_1), AMANDLA (Inner_2), GND (Inner_3), Siganl_3 (Inner_4), Siganl_4 (Phansi).

Uhlelo 2 Uma luqhathaniswa nohlelo 1, ungqimba lwamandla kanye nendiza ephansi kuhlanganiswe ngokugcwele, okunezinzuzo ezithile ngaphezu kwesikimu 1, kodwa

I-Siganl_1 (Phezulu) ne-Siganl_2 (Inner_1) ne-Siganl_3 (Inner_4) kanye ne-Siganl_4 (Ezansi) izendlalelo zesignali zisondelene ngokuqondile. Ukuhlukaniswa kwesignali akukuhle, futhi inkinga ye-crosstalk ayixazululeki.

(3) Siganl_1 (Phezulu), GND (Inner_1), Siganl_2 (Inner_2), AMANDLA (Inner_3), GND (Inner_4), Siganl_3 (Phansi).

Uma kuqhathaniswa neSikimu 1 kanye neSikimu 2, iSikimu 3 sinesendlalelo esisodwa esingaphansi kwesignali kanye nolunye ungqimba lukagesi lwangaphakathi olulodwa. Nakuba izendlalelo ezitholakalayo zokufaka izintambo zincishisiwe, lolu hlelo luxazulula izinkinga ezivamile zeSikimu 1 kanye neSikimu 2.

① Indiza yamandla nendiza ephansi kuhlanganiswe ngokuqinile.

② Isendlalelo ngasinye sesignali siseduze ngqo nesendlalelo sikagesi sangaphakathi, futhi sihlukaniswe ngokuphumelelayo kwezinye izendlalelo zesignali, futhi i-crosstalk akulula ukwenzeka.

③ I-Siganl_2 (Inner_2) iseduze nezendlalelo ezimbili zikagesi zangaphakathi GND (Inner_1) kanye NAMANDLA (Inner_3), ezingasetshenziswa ukudlulisa amasignali esivinini esikhulu. Izendlalelo ezimbili zangaphakathi zikagesi zingavikela ngokuphumelelayo ukuphazamiseka okuvela emhlabeni ongaphandle kuya kungqimba ye-Siganl_2 (Inner_2) kanye nokuphazanyiswa okuvela ku-Siganl_2 (Inner_2) emhlabeni wangaphandle.

Kuzo zonke izici, isikimu 3 ngokusobala yisona esithuthukiswe kakhulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-scheme 3 nayo iyisakhiwo esivame ukusetshenziswa se-laminated for 6-layer board. Ngokuhlaziywa kwalezi zibonelo ezimbili ezingenhla, ngikholelwa ukuthi umfundi unokuqonda okuthile kwesakhiwo se-cascading, kodwa kwezinye izimo, uhlelo oluthile alukwazi ukuhlangabezana nazo zonke izidingo, ezidinga ukucatshangelwa kokuqala kwezimiso ezihlukahlukene zokuklama. Ngeshwa, ngenxa yokuthi umklamo wesendlalelo sebhodi lesifunda uhlobene eduze nezici zesifunda sangempela, ukusebenza kokuphikisana nokuphazanyiswa kanye nokugxila kokuklama kwamasekhethi ahlukene kuhlukile, ngakho-ke empeleni lezi zimiso azikho izinto eziza kuqala ezinqunyiwe zokubhekisela. Kodwa okuqinisekile ukuthi isimiso sesi-2 sokuklama (ungqimba lwamandla angaphakathi kanye nongqimba lomhlabathi kufanele kuhlanganiswe ngokuqinile) kudinga ukuhlangatshezwana nayo kuqala ekwakhiweni, futhi uma amasignali anesivinini esikhulu kudingeka adluliselwe kumjikelezo, khona-ke isimiso sokuklama 3 (ungqimba lokudlulisa isignali enesivinini esiphezulu kusekethe) Kufanele kube ungqimba olumaphakathi lwesiginali futhi lufakwe phakathi kwezingqimba ezimbili zangaphakathi zikagesi) kufanele lwaneliseke.

10-ungqimba ibhodi

PCB ejwayelekile 10-ungqimba ibhodi design

Ukulandelana kwezintambo okujwayelekile kuthi TOP–GND—ungqimba lwesiginali—ungqimba lwamandla—GND—ungqimba lwesiginali—ungqimba lwamandla—ungqimba lwesiginali—GND—BOTTOM

Ukulandelana kwezintambo ngokwako akulungisiwe ngempela, kodwa kunezindinganiso nezimiso zokuyivimbela: Isibonelo, izingqimba eziseduze zesendlalelo esiphezulu nesendlalelo esingezansi zisebenzisa i-GND ukuze kuqinisekiswe izici ze-EMC zebhodi elilodwa; isibonelo, isendlalelo ngasinye sesignali sisebenzisa isendlalelo se-GND njengendiza eyireferensi; amandla kagesi asetshenziswa kulo lonke ibhodi elilodwa abekwe ngokukhethekile kulo lonke ucezu lwethusi; okuthatheka kalula, okunesivinini esikhulu, nokuncamela ukuhamba nongqimba lwangaphakathi lokugxuma, njll.