Ngobuningi bezinto ze-elekthronikhi, zine-polarity, noma izikhonkwane azikwazi ukuthengiswa ngokungalungile. Isibonelo, uma i-electrolytic capacitor is welded reversely, izoqhuma lapho inikwe amandla. Ngokuvamile, lapho kusetshenziswa umshini wokuphakela othomathikhi ukuhlanganisa izingxenye zebhodi lesifunda, ngeke kube khona inkinga yokubeka kabi izingxenye. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yemikhawulo yabakhiqizi kanye nezici zezingxenye, akuzona zonke izingxenye ezinganamathiselwa ngokuzenzakalelayo noma zifakwe. Ukubekwa okuvamile okwenziwa ngesandla kuyadingeka kuma-transformer abekwe phezulu ahlukahlukene, izixhumi, kumasekhethi ahlanganisiwe ahlanganisiwe, njll. Lawa madivayisi angase abe nenkinga yephutha lokuhlanganisa. Ngokuvamile, ukulungiswa kwenziwa ngesandla, futhi lesi sixhumanisi siphinde sibhekane nenkinga ye-welding reverse. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuchaza indlela yokumisa yezingxenye kanye nobudlelwano obuhambisanayo phakathi kwamaphedi engxenye kanye nokuphrinta kwesikrini sikasilika ebhodini lesifunda.

1. Amandla
Ku-electrolytic capacitor efakwe ku-aluminium ngembobo eboniswe esithombeni esingezansi, izigxobo ezinhle nezingezinhle ngokuvamile zimelelwa izinyawo ezinde nezifushane kanye nophawu emzimbeni. Umlenze omude unegethivu kanti umlenze omfushane unegethivu. Ngokuvamile, kunemigqa emhlophe noma eminye ehambisana nephinikhodi kugobolondo lohlangothi olunegethivu.
I-electrolytic capacitor ebhodini lesifunda ngokuvamile imakwe nge-polarity njengoba kuboniswe emfanekisweni.
Enye indlela iwukumaka uphawu “+” ngokuqondile ohlangothini oluhle. Inzuzo yale ndlela ukuthi kulula ukuhlola i-polarity ngemva kokushisela. Okubi ukuthi ithatha indawo enkulu yebhodi lesifunda. Indlela yesibili ukugcwalisa indawo lapho i-electrode engalungile itholakala khona ngesikrini sikasilika. Lokhu kuboniswa kwe-polarity kuthatha indawo encane yebhodi lesifunda, kodwa akulungile ukuhlola i-polarity ngemva kokushisela. Kuvamile ezikhathini lapho kukhona ukuminyana okuphezulu kwamadivayisi webhodi lesifunda njengebhodi lomama lekhompyutha.
Ama-Tantalum capacitor afakwe emigodini ngokuvamile aphawulwa ngokuthi “+” emzimbeni ohlangothini oluhle, kanti ezinye izinhlobo ziphinde zihlukaniseke ngezinyawo ezinde nezimfushane.
Indlela yokumaka ebhodini lesifunda yale capacitor ingabhekisela ku-aluminium electrolytic capacitor.
Okwe-aluminium electrolytic capacitor efakwe ngaphezulu. Uhlangothi olumbozwe ngoyinki luyisigxobo esinegethivu, futhi isisekelo esisohlangothini lwepali ephozithivu ngokuvamile sinama-chamfered.
Use Ishicilelwe Circuit Board, ngokuvamile kuboniswa emfanekisweni ongenhla
Okusho ukusebenzisa isikrini sikasilika “+” ebhodini lesifunda ukumela isigxobo esihle, futhi udwebe uhlaka lwedivayisi ngesikhathi esifanayo. Ngale ndlela, uhlangothi lwe-chamfered lungasetshenziswa futhi ukukhomba i-electrode enhle.

I-tantalum capacitor eboshwe ebusweni

2. I-Diode
Kuma-diode akhipha ukukhanya, izikhonkwane ezinde nezifushane ngokuvamile zisetshenziselwa ukumela izigxobo ezinhle nezingezinhle. Iphinikhodi ende ithi phozithivu kanti iphinikhodi emfushane inegethivu. Kwesinye isikhathi umenzi uzosika kancane ohlangothini olulodwa lwe-LED, engasetshenziswa futhi ukumela i-electrode engalungile.

Isikrini sikasilika “+” sivame ukusetshenziswa ebhodini lesifunda ukuze kuboniswe i-electrode enhle.
Okwama-diode ajwayelekile

Emfanekisweni ongenhla, uhlangothi lwesobunxele luyisigxobo esinegethivu futhi uhlangothi lwesokudla luyisigxobo esihle, okungukuthi, ukuphrinta kwesikrini sikasilika noma ingilazi enemibala isetshenziselwa ukumela i-polarity enhle nebi. Izindlela ezimbili ezilandelayo zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukumela i-polarity enhle nengalungile ebhodini lesifunda.

I-polarity ye-diode iboniswa isikrini sikasilika ebhodini lesifunda. Lokhu kucace kakhudlwana. Okunye ukudweba izimpawu eziyisikimu zama-diode ngqo esikrinini sikasilika ibhodi yesifunda ephrintiwe.
Ukumelwa kwe-polarity kwe-LED efakwe phezulu kuyadida kakhulu. Kwesinye isikhathi kuba khona izethulo ezehlukene phakathi kwezinhlobo zamaphakheji ezihlukene kumkhiqizi. Kodwa-ke, kuvamile ukudweba amabala ombala noma amapheshana ombala ohlangothini lwe-cathode lwama-diode akhipha ukukhanya. Kukhona namakhona asikwe ohlangothini lwe-cathode.
I-polarity ye-diode iboniswa isikrini sikasilika ebhodini lesifunda. Lokhu kucace kakhudlwana. Okunye ukudweba izimpawu eziyisikimu zama-diode ngqo ebhodini lesifunda eliphrintiwe lesikrini sikasilika.
Ukumelwa kwe-polarity kwe-LED efakwe phezulu kuyadida kakhulu. Kwesinye isikhathi kuba khona izethulo ezehlukene phakathi kwezinhlobo zamaphakheji ezihlukene kumkhiqizi. Kodwa-ke, kuvamile ukudweba amabala ombala noma amapheshana ombala ohlangothini lwe-cathode lwama-diode akhipha ukukhanya. Kukhona namakhona asikwe ohlangothini lwe-cathode.

Ama-diode ajwayelekile e-surface mount aphinde asebenzise ukuphrinta kwesikrini sikasilika noma ingilazi enemibala emzimbeni ukumela i-electrode engemihle.

Isifunda esihlanganisiwe
Kumasekhethi ahlanganisiwe e-dip namaphakeji anamaphini asakazwa nhlangothi zombili, inothi engaphezulu ye-semicircular ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukukhombisa ukuthi le ndlela ingaphezu kwe-chip, futhi iphinikhodi yokuqala phezulu kwesokunxele iphinikhodi yokuqala ye-chip. Iphinde ikhonjiswe ngomugqa ovundlile phezulu ngokuphrinta kwesikrini sikasilika noma i-laser.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona namachashazi esikrini sikasilika ngqo emzimbeni eduze kwephinikhodi yokuqala ye-chip noma ngokucindezela umgodi ngokuqondile ngesikhathi sokubumba umjovo.
Amanye amasekethe ahlanganisiwe nawo amelelwa ngokusika unqenqema olugobile emzimbeni wonqenqema lokuqala lwephinikhodi yokuqala.

Izimpawu zalolu hlobo lwesekethe edidiyelwe ebhodini lesifunda ngokuvamile zimakwa ngegebe phezulu.
Okwe-QFP, PLCC kanye ne-BGA kuphakheji ye-tetragonal.
Amasekhethi ahlanganisiwe ahlanganisiwe e-QFP ngokuvamile asebenzisa amachashazi ayi-concave, amachashazi esikrini sikasilika, noma ukuphrinta kwesikrini sikasilika ngokuya ngemodeli ukuze ahlulele inkomba yomzimba ehambisana nephinikhodi yokuqala. Abanye basebenzisa indlela yokusika i-engeli ukuze bamelele unyawo lokuqala. Ngalesi sikhathi, isiqondiso esiphambene newashi unyawo lokuqala. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi kunemigodi emithathu ku-chip, ngakho-ke ikhoneni elingenayo imigodi lihambisana kwesokudla esingezansi se-chip.

Ngenxa yokuthi umzimba wephakeji ye-PLCC likhulu ngokuqhathaniswa, ngokuvamile limelelwa imigodi ngokuqondile ekuqaleni kwephinikhodi yokuqala. Abanye futhi basika amakhona phezulu kwesokunxele se-chip.

Into epakishiwe ye-BGA
Ukupakishwa kwe-BGA akusebenzisi nje kuphela ucwecwe lwethusi olugqitshwe ngegolide ekhoneni elingezansi kwesokunxele ukuze lumelele iphinikhodi yokuqala, kodwa futhi lisebenzisa indlela yamakhona angekho, imigodi namachashazi esikrini sikasilika ukuze amele isiqondiso sephini lokuqala.
Imidwebo ebhodini lesifunda elihambisanayo imi kanje
Umlenze wokuqala uphathwa ngamachashazi esikrini sikasilika namakhona angekho.

4. ezinye izisetshenziswa

Entweni yangempela, isixhumi ngokuvamile silawula isiqondiso ngokubeka inothi. Kukhona nalabo ababhala u-1 eduze nonyawo lokuqala noma basebenzise unxantathu ukumela unyawo lokuqala. Ngokuvamile, ezinye izisetshenziswa zigwema ukufakwa okungalungile ngokudweba isikrini sikasilika esihambisana nento yangempela ku ibhodi yesifunda ephrintiwe.
Ukuze kususwe ukumelana nokufakwa kwembobo, ngokuvamile kuvezwa ngokugoqa isiphetho esivamile ngesikrini sikasilika ebhodini lesifunda. Noma bhala oku-1 eduze nonyawo lokuqala.
Ukuze kumiswe izidingo zephedi, ukuphrinta kwesikrini sikasilika kanye nokushisela ukumelana kwezingxenye ebhodini lesekethe, inhlangano ye-IPC ikhiphe izindinganiso ezimbili ezihlobene: i-ipc-7351 kanye ne-ipc-sm-840. Nokho, ekusetshenzisweni kwangempela, izimpawu zokumaka isiqondiso sedivayisi ezenziwe indlela yokumela isiqondiso sedivayisi echazwe yi-IPC ngokuvamile zivinjelwa umzimba wedivayisi ngemva kokushisela, okungafanele ukuhlolwa. Imidwebo yephedi yengxenye kufanele ilungiswe ngokuya ngesimo sangempela.
Ngamafuphi, ezintweni zangempela, amadivaysi ngokuvamile ahlukene asebenzisa izindlela zezinyawo ezinde nezimfushane, ukuphrinta kwesikrini sikasilika noma ukufaka umbala ukumela i-polarity. Kumasekhethi ahlanganisiwe, amaphuzu e-concave, ukuphrinta kwesikrini sikasilika, ama-notches, amakhona alahlekile, imiphetho engekho noma inkomba eqondile ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukumaka iphini lokuqala. Lapho wenza imidwebo yephedi, ngokuvamile dweba ngokwesimo socingo ngangokunokwenzeka, futhi ubonise ulwazi oluhlobene nokuma kweshadi ledivayisi ngendlela yeskrini sikasilika ngangokunokwenzeka, ukuze ugweme amaphutha ekuhlanganiseni ngesandla nasekushiseleni.