Indlela yokukhetha izingxenye ezihambisanayo kunenzuzo ekwakhiweni kwebhodi lesifunda?

1. Khetha izingxenye ezizuzisa ukupakishwa

Kuso sonke isigaba somdwebo wohlelo, kufanele sicabangele izinqumo zengxenye yokupakishwa kanye nephethini yephedi okudingeka yenziwe esigabeni sokuhlela. Nazi ezinye iziphakamiso okufanele uzicabangele lapho ukhetha izingxenye ezisuselwe ekufakweni kwengxenye.
Khumbula, iphakheji ihlanganisa uxhumano lwephedi kagesi kanye nobukhulu bemishini (x, y kanye no-z) bengxenye, okungukuthi, ukwakheka kwengxenye yomzimba kanye nezikhonkwane ezixhumanisa PCB. Lapho ukhetha izingxenye, udinga ukucabangela noma yikuphi ukufakwa okungaba khona noma imikhawulo yokupakisha ezinqeni ezingaphezulu neziphansi ze-PCB yokugcina. Ezinye izingxenye (ezifana ne-polar capacitance) zingase zibe nemikhawulo yobude bemvume, okudingeka kubhekwe kuyo inqubo yokukhetha ingxenye. Ekuqaleni komklamo, ungadweba uhlaka oluyisisekelo lwebhodi lesifunda, bese ubeka izingxenye ezithile ezinkulu noma zendawo (njengezixhumi) ohlela ukuzisebenzisa. Ngale ndlela, ungakwazi ukubona futhi ngokushesha i-Virtual Perspective yebhodi lesifunda (ngaphandle kwezintambo), futhi unikeze ukuma okuhlobene okunembile nokuphakama kwengxenye yebhodi lesifunda kanye nezingxenye. Lokhu kuzosiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi izingxenye zingafakwa kahle emaphaketheni angaphandle (imikhiqizo yepulasitiki, i-chassis, ifreyimu, njll.) ngemva komhlangano we-PCB. Shayela imodi yokubuka kuqala ye-3D kusukela kumenyu yamathuluzi ukuze uphequlule lonke ibhodi lesekethe.
Iphethini yephedi ibonisa iphedi langempela noma ngesimo sedivayisi edayisiwe ku-PCB. Lawa maphethini ethusi ku-PCB aqukethe nolunye ulwazi oluyisisekelo lomumo. Usayizi wephethini yephedi udinga ukuthi ulungile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukushisela okulungile kanye nobuqotho obufanele bomshini nokushisa kwezingxenye ezixhunyiwe. Lapho siklama isakhiwo se-PCB, kudingeka sicabangele ukuthi ibhodi lesifunda lizokhiqizwa kanjani, noma ukuthi iphedi lizoshiselwa kanjani uma lishiselwe ngesandla. I-Reflow soldering (ukuncibilika kwe-flux esithandweni sokushisa esishisayo esilawulwayo) ingaphatha uhla olubanzi lwamadivayisi wokukhweza ngaphezulu (SMD). I-Wave soldering ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukuthengisa ngemuva kwebhodi lesifunda ukulungisa amadivaysi embobo, kodwa futhi ingaphatha ezinye izinto ezibekwe phezulu ezibekwe ngemuva kwe-PCB. Ngokuvamile, lapho usebenzisa lobu buchwepheshe, amadivaysi okukhweza angaphansi komhlaba kufanele ahlelwe ngendlela ethile, futhi ukuze uvumelane nale ndlela yokushisela, i-pad ingase idinge ukuguqulwa.
Ukukhethwa kwezingxenye kungashintshwa kuyo yonke inqubo yokuklama. Ekuqaleni kwenqubo yokuklama, ukunquma ukuthi imaphi amadivayisi okufanele asebenzise i-electroplated through holes (PTH) futhi okufanele asebenzise ubuchwepheshe bokukhweza komhlaba (SMT) kuzosiza ukuhlelwa kukonke kwe-PCB. Izinto okufanele zicatshangelwe zifaka izindleko zedivayisi, ukutholakala, ukuminyana kwendawo yedivayisi kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla, njll. Ngokombono wokukhiqiza, izisetshenziswa zokukhweza ngaphezulu ngokuvamile zishibhile kunamadivayisi aphuma emgodini, futhi ngokuvamile anokusebenziseka okuphezulu. Kumaphrojekthi we-prototype amancane naphakathi, kungcono ukhethe amadivaysi amakhulu okukhweza ngaphezulu noma amadivaysi embobo, alungele kuphela ukushisela okwenziwa ngesandla, kodwa futhi okulungele ukuxhuma amaphedi namasiginali angcono ekutholeni amaphutha kanye nokulungisa iphutha. .
Uma lingekho iphakethe elenziwe ngomumo kusizindalwazi, ngokuvamile kuwukwenza iphakheji elenziwe ngendlela oyifisayo ethuluzini.

2. Sebenzisa izindlela ezinhle zokubeka phansi

Qinisekisa ukuthi umklamo unamandla okwanele okudlula kanye nezinga eliphansi. Uma usebenzisa ama-circuits ahlanganisiwe, qiniseka ukuthi usebenzisa i-decoupling capacitor efanelekile eduze nokuphela kwamandla phansi (okungcono indiza ephansi). Umthamo ofanele we-capacitor uncike kuhlelo lokusebenza oluthile, ubuchwepheshe be-capacitor kanye nemvamisa yokusebenza. Uma i-bypass capacitor ibekwe phakathi kwamandla kagesi nezikhonkwane zomhlabathi futhi eduze nephinikhodi ye-IC efanele, ukuhambisana nozibuthe kagesi nokuba sengozini kwesekethe kungathuthukiswa.

3. Nikeza amaphakheji engxenye ebonakalayo
Phrinta ibhili yezinto zokwakha (BOM) ukuze uhlole izingxenye ezibonakalayo. Izingxenye ezibonakalayo azinawo amaphakheji ahlobene futhi ngeke zidluliselwe esigabeni sesakhiwo. Dala ibhili lezinto futhi ubuke zonke izingxenye ezibonakalayo ekwakhiweni. Izinto kuphela kufanele zibe amasignali amandla kanye nomhlabathi, ngoba zibhekwa njengezingxenye ezibonakalayo, ezicutshungulwa ngokukhethekile endaweni ye-schematic futhi ngeke zidluliselwe ekwakhiweni kwesakhiwo. Ngaphandle kwalapho isetshenziselwe izinjongo zokulingisa, izingxenye eziboniswa engxenyeni ebonakalayo kufanele zithathelwe indawo izingxenye ezifakwe emaphaketheni.

4. Qiniseka ukuthi unedatha ephelele ye-bill of material
Hlola ukuthi ingabe ikhona yini idatha eyanele nephelele embikweni wezinto zokwakha. Ngemva kokudala umbiko we-bill of materials, kuyadingeka ukuhlola ngokucophelela futhi wengeze ulwazi olungaphelele lwamadivayisi, abahlinzeki noma abakhiqizi kukho konke okufakiwe kwezingxenye.

5. Hlunga ngokwelebula yengxenye

Ukuze kube lula ukuhlungwa nokubukwa kwebhili yezinto zokwakha, qinisekisa ukuthi amalebula engxenye anezinombolo ngokulandelana.

6. Hlola isekethe yesango engasasebenzi
Ngokuvamile, okokufaka kwawo wonke amasango angasebenzi kufanele kube noxhumo lwesignali ukuze kugwenywe ukulenga kokuphela kokufakwayo. Qiniseka ukuthi uhlola wonke amasango angasebenzi noma angekho nokuthi zonke izinto ezifakiwe ezingenazintambo zixhumeke ngokuphelele. Kwezinye izimo, uma okokufaka kumisiwe, lonke uhlelo ngeke lusebenze ngendlela efanele. Thatha ama-amplifiers asebenza kabili, avame ukusetshenziswa ekwakhiweni. Uma kusetshenziswa ingxenye eyodwa kuphela yezindlela ezimbili ze-op amp IC, kuyanconywa ukuthi usebenzise enye i-op amp, noma ugxilise okokufaka kwe-op amp engasetshenziswa, futhi uhlele inzuzo yeyunithi efanelekile (noma enye inzuzo) inethiwekhi yempendulo, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuvamile kwengxenye yonke.
Kwezinye izimo, ama-IC anamaphini antantayo angase angasebenzi kahle phakathi kwebanga lenkomba. Ngokuvamile, kuphela uma idivayisi ye-IC noma amanye amasango kudivayisi efanayo engasebenzi esimweni sokugcwala, okokufaka noma okukhiphayo kuseduze noma kungxenye yesitimela samandla, le IC ingahlangabezana nezidingo zenkomba uma isebenza. Ukulingisa ngokuvamile akukwazi ukuthwebula lesi simo, ngenxa yokuthi amamodeli okulingisa ngokuvamile awaxhumi izingxenye eziningi ze-IC ndawonye ukuze enze imodeli yomphumela wokuxhumeka kokumiswa.

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