Inqubo eyisisekelo ye-PCB eyisisekelo imi kanjena: ukulungiselela kokuqala -> ukwakheka kwesakhiwo se-PCB -> ukwakheka kwe-PCB -> ukuhlanganisa izintambo -> ukusebenziseka kwezintambo nokuphrinta kwesilika kwesikrini -> ukuhlolwa kwenethiwekhi neDRC nokuhlolwa kwesakhiwo -> ukwenziwa kwepuleti.
Ukulungiselela kokuqala.
Lokhu kufaka hlangana ukulungisa amakhathalogi nama-schematics “Uma ufuna ukwenza umsebenzi omuhle, kufanele uqale ucije amathuluzi akho. “Ukwenza ibhodi elifanele, akufanele nje udizayine lo mthetho, kodwa futhi udwebe kahle. Ngaphambi kokuklanywa kwe-PCB, qala ngokulungiselela umtapo wolwazi we-Sch ne-PCB. Umtapo wolwazi ungaba yiProtel (izinyoni eziningi ezindala ezazisebenza ngogesi kwakunguProtel ngaleso sikhathi), kepha kunzima ukuthola efanelekayo. Kungcono ukwenza umtapo wolwazi wezinto ngokuya ngemininingwane yosayizi ojwayelekile wedivayisi ekhethiwe. Empeleni, yenza umtapo wolwazi we-PCB kuqala, bese kuba umtapo wolwazi we-sch. Umtapo wolwazi we-PCB unezidingo eziphezulu, ezithinta ngqo ukufakwa kwebhodi; Izidingo zelabhulali yengxenye ye-SCH azisebenzi kangako. Mane unake ekuchazeni izimfanelo zephini nobudlelwano obuhambelana nezakhi ze-PCB. I-PS: qaphela izikhonkwane ezifihliwe kumtapo wezincwadi ojwayelekile. Bese kuba khona umklamo wesikimu. Uma usukulungele, usukulungele ukuqala ukuklanywa kwe-PCB.
Okwesibili: isakhiwo se-PCB design.
Kulesi sinyathelo, ngokuya ngosayizi webhodi lesifunda obekiwe nokuma okuhlukahlukene kwemishini, dweba indawo ye-PCB endaweni ye-PCB design, bese ubeka izixhumi ezidingekayo, okhiye / amaswishi, izimbobo zesikulufa, izimbobo zomhlangano, njll ngokusho kwezidingo zokubeka. Futhi cabanga ngokugcwele futhi unqume indawo yezintambo nendawo engeyona yezintambo (njengokuthi ingakanani indawo ezungeze imbobo yesikulufa eyendawo engeyona yezintambo).
Okwesithathu: Ukuhlelwa kwe-PCB.
Isakhiwo ukubeka amadivayisi ebhodini. Ngalesi sikhathi, uma onke amalungiselelo ashiwo ngenhla enziwe, ungakha itafula lenethiwekhi (Design -> create netlist) kumdwebo wesikimu, bese ungenisa itafula lenethiwekhi (Design -> Layisha amanetha) kumdwebo we-PCB. Uyabona ukuthi amadivayisi wonke anqwabelene, futhi kunezintambo ezindizayo phakathi kwezikhonkwane zokuxhuma ukuxhumana. Ngemuva kwalokho ungabeka isakhiwo sedivayisi. Ukuhlelwa okujwayelekile kuzokwenziwa ngokwemigomo elandelayo:
Zon Ukwahlukaniswa okunengqondo ngokwendlela esebenza ngayo ugesi, ngokuvamile kuhlukaniswe: indawo yesekethe yedijithali (isb.
② Amasekhethi aqedela umsebenzi ofanayo azobekwa asondele ngangokunokwenzeka, futhi zonke izingxenye kufanele zilungiswe ukuqinisekisa izintambo ezilula; Ngasikhathi sinye, lungisa ukuma okuhlobene phakathi kwamabhulokhi asebenzayo ukwenza ukuxhumana phakathi kwamabhulokhi asebenzayo kube kufushane;
③. ngezinto ezinekhwalithi ephezulu, isikhundla sokufaka namandla wokufaka kuzobhekwa; Izakhi zokushisa zizobekwa ngokuhlukile ezintweni ezibucayi zokushisa, futhi kuzothathelwa izinyathelo zokuhambisa ngomshini ezishisayo lapho kunesidingo;
④ Umshayeli we-I / O uzobe eseduze komphetho webhodi eliphrintiwe kanye nesixhumi esiphumayo ngangokunokwenzeka;
⑤ Umkhiqizi wewashi (njenge-oscillator we-crystal noma i-oscillator yewashi) uzosondela kakhulu ngocingo esebenzisa iwashi;
Dec I-capacitor decoupling (itshe elilodwa elenza ukusebenza okuhle kwemvamisa ephezulu lisetshenziswa kakhulu) lizofakwa phakathi kwephini lokufaka ugesi lesifunda ngasinye esihlanganisiwe kanye nomhlabathi; Lapho isikhala sebhodi lesifunda siminyene, i-tantalum capacitor nayo ingangezwa kuzungeze izifunda eziningi ezihlanganisiwe.
⑦. i-diode yokukhipha (1N4148) izongezwa kwikhoyili yokudlulisela;
⑧ Isakhiwo sizolinganiswa, sincane futhi sihleleke kahle, futhi ngeke sibe sikhulu phezulu noma sisindise
“”
——Kudingeka ukunakwa okukhethekile
Lapho ufaka izinto, ubukhulu bangempela (indawo nokuphakama) kwezingxenye kanye nokuma okuhlobene phakathi kwezinto kufanele kucatshangelwe ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kagesi kwebhodi lesifunda nokuthi kungenzeka nokuthi kube lula ukukhiqizwa nokufakwa. Ngasikhathi sinye, ngombono wokuthi le migomo engenhla ingakhonjiswa, ukubekwa kwezakhi kufanele kuguqulwe ngokufanele ukubenza babukeke futhi babe bahle. Izakhi ezifanayo kufanele zibekwe ngobunono Ohlangothini olufanayo, ayikwazi “ukusakazeka”.
Lesi sinyathelo sihlobene nesithombe sonke sebhodi nobunzima bokubamba izintambo esinyathelweni esilandelayo, ngakho-ke kufanele senze imizamo emikhulu yokusibheka. Ngesikhathi sokuhlelwa, i-wiring yokuqala ingenziwa ngezindawo ezingaqinisekile futhi icatshangelwe ngokuphelele.
Okwesine: izintambo.
Ukwenza izintambo kuyinkqubo ebalulekile kulo lonke ukwakheka kwe-PCB. Lokhu kuzokuthinta ngqo ukusebenza kwe-PCB. Enkambisweni ye-PCB design, i-wiring ngokuvamile ihlukaniswe yaba yimikhakha emithathu: owokuqala wiring, okuyisidingo esiyisisekelo sokwakhiwa kwe-PCB. Uma imigqa ingaxhunyiwe futhi kukhona ulayini ondizayo, kuzoba yibhodi elingafanelekile. Kungashiwo ukuthi akukaze kwethulwe. Okwesibili ukwaneliseka kokusebenza kukagesi. Leli izinga elijwayelekile lokukala ukuthi ibhodi lesifunda eliphrintiwe liyafaneleka yini. Lokhu ukulungisa ngokucophelela i-wiring ngemuva kwezintambo ukufeza ukusebenza okuhle kukagesi. Bese kuba khona nobuhle. Uma i-wiring yakho ixhunyiwe, ayikho indawo engathinta ukusebenza kwezinto zikagesi, kepha uma uthi shazi, iphazamisekile esikhathini esedlule, kuhlanganiswe nemibala egqamile futhi enemibala, noma ukusebenza kwakho kukagesi kukuhle, kuseyisiqeshana udoti emehlweni abanye. Lokhu kuletha ukuphazamiseka okukhulu ekuhlolweni nasekulondolozweni. Ukuxhuma izintambo kufanele kucoceke futhi kufane, kungabi yinqwaba futhi kungahlelekile. Lokhu kufanele kufezwe ngaphansi kwesimo sokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kukagesi nokuhlangabezana nezinye izidingo zomuntu ngamunye, ngaphandle kwalokho kuzobe kungukushiya izisekelo. Lezi zimiso ezilandelayo zizolandelwa ngesikhathi sokuxhuma izintambo:
① Ngokuvamile, intambo yamandla nocingo lomhlabathi kuzofakwa izintambo kuqala ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwebhodi lesifunda. Ebangeni elivumelekile, ububanzi bokunikezwa kwamandla kanye nocingo lomhlabathi kuzokwandiswa ngangokunokwenzeka. Kungcono ukuthi ucingo lomhlabathi lubanzi kunobubanzi bolayini wamandla. Ubudlelwano babo yile: yocingo lomhlabathi> ulayini wamandla> ulayini wesiginali. Ngokuvamile, ububanzi bomugqa wesiginali ngu-0.2 ~ 0.3mm, ububanzi obuhle bungafinyelela ku-0.05 ~ 0.07mm, futhi ulayini wamandla ngokuvamile u-1.2 ~ 2.5mm. Kwi-PCB yesekethe yedijithali, ucingo olubanzi lomhlabathi lungasetshenziswa ukwakha isekethe, okungukuthi, ukwakha inethiwekhi yomhlaba (umhlabathi wesifunda se-analog awunakusetshenziswa ngale ndlela)
② Izintambo ezinezidingo eziqinile (ezifana nolayini befrikhwensi ephezulu) zizofakwa izintambo kusengaphambili, futhi imigqa eseceleni yokuphela kokufaka nokokugcina kokukhipha kufanele igweme ukufana okuseduze ukugwema ukuphazamiseka okuboniswayo. Uma kunesidingo, kuzofakwa ucingo oluphansi ukuze lungahlukaniswa. Ukuxhunywa kwezendlalelo ezimbili eziseduze kuzobonakala komunye nomunye futhi kufane, okulula ukukhiqiza ukuhlangana kwezinambuzane.
Igobolondo le-oscillator lizobekwa phansi, nolayini wewashi uzoba mfushane ngangokunokwenzeka, futhi ngeke ube kuyo yonke indawo. Ngaphansi kwesekethe le-oscillation wesekethe kanye nesekethe elikhethekile elinejubane eliphezulu, indawo yomhlaba kufanele inyuswe, neminye imigqa yesiginali akufanele ithathwe ukwenza insimu kagesi ezungezile isondele ku-zero;
I-wiring yomugqa ophukile engu-45o izokwamukelwa ngangokunokwenzeka, futhi izintambo zomugqa ophukile ezingama-90o ngeke zisetshenziselwe ukunciphisa imisebe yesiginali yemvamisa ephezulu （I-arc ephindwe kabili nayo izosetshenziselwa imigqa enezidingo eziphezulu)
⑤ Awukho umugqa wesiginali ozokwakha iluphu. Uma kungenakugwenywa, iluphu kufanele libe lincane ngangokunokwenzeka; Ama-vias wolayini bezimpawu azokuba mbalwa ngangokunokwenzeka;
Imigqa yokhiye kufanele ibe mfushane futhi ibe mkhulu ngangokunokwenzeka, nezindawo zokuvikela zizongezwa kuzo zombili izinhlangothi.
⑦ Uma udlulisa isignali ebucayi nomsindo webhendi wensimu ngentambo eyisicaba, izokhishwa iphume ngendlela “yocingo lwentambo yomhlabathi”.
Points Amaphuzu okuhlola azobekelwa amasiginali abalulekile ukwenza lula ukukhiqizwa, ukugcinwa nokutholwa
⑨. ngemuva kokuthi ukuqedwa kwentambo kuqediwe, i-wiring izothuthukiswa; Ngasikhathi sinye, ngemuva kokuthi ukuhlolwa kokuqala kwenethiwekhi nokuhlolwa kweDRC kulungile, gcwalisa indawo engenazintambo ngocingo lomhlabathi, sebenzisa indawo enkulu yocingo lwethusi njengocingo lomhlabathi, bese uxhuma izindawo ezingasetshenziswanga nomhlabathi ebhodini eliphrintiwe njengoba ucingo lomhlabathi. Noma ingenziwa ebhodini le-multilayer, futhi ukunikezwa kwamandla kanye nocingo lomhlabathi kuhlala esitezi esisodwa ngokulandelana.
Izidingo zenqubo yokufaka izintambo ze-PCB
①. umugqa
Ngokuvamile, ububanzi bolayini wesiginali ngu-0.3mm (12mil), nobubanzi bolayini wamandla ngu-0.77mm (30mil) noma u-1.27mm (50mil); Ibanga phakathi kwemigqa naphakathi kwemigqa namaphedi likhulu noma lilingana no-0.33mm (13mil). Ekusebenziseni okusebenzayo, uma izimo zivuma, khulisa ibanga;
Lapho ukuminyana kwezintambo kuphezulu, kungacatshangelwa (kepha akunconyiwe) ukusebenzisa izintambo ezimbili phakathi kwezikhonkwane ze-IC. Ububanzi bezintambo ngu-0.254mm (10mil), futhi isikhala sezintambo asikho ngaphansi kuka-0.254mm (10mil). Ngaphansi kwezimo ezikhethekile, lapho izikhonkwane zedivayisi ziminyene nobubanzi bumncane, ububanzi bomugqa nobubanzi bomugqa bungancishiswa ngokufanele.
②. iphedi
Izidingo eziyisisekelo zephedi nokudlula zimi kanje: ububanzi bephedi buzokuba bukhulu kuno-0.6mm kunobo bomgodi; Isibonelo, kuma-resistors ajwayelekile ephini, ama-capacitors namasekhethi ahlanganisiwe, usayizi wediski / umgodi ngu-1.6mm / 0.8mm (63mil / 32mil), futhi isokhethi, iphini nedayode 1N4007 kungu-1.8mm / 1.0mm (71mil / 39mil). Ekusebenziseni okusebenzayo, kufanele kunqunywe ngosayizi wezinto zangempela. Uma kunokwenzeka, usayizi wephedi ungakhushulwa ngokufanele;
Ukuvulwa kwento edizayinelwe ku-PCB kuzoba kukhulu cishe ngo-0.2 ~ 0.4mm kunosayizi wangempela wephini lengxenye.
③. nge
Ngokuvamile 1.27mm / 0.7mm (50mil / 28mil);
Lapho ukuminyana kwentambo kuphezulu, usayizi we-via ungancishiswa ngokufanele, kepha akufanele ube mncane kakhulu. Kungacatshangelwa i-1.0mm / 0.6mm (40mil / 24mil).
④. Izidingo zesikhala sephedi, ucingo nange-via
I-PAD ne-VIA? ≥ 0.3mm (12mil)
I-PAD ne-PAD? ≥ 0.3mm (12mil)
Ama-AD 0.3mm (12mil)
I-NUM ≥ 0.3mm (12mil)
Lapho ukuminyana kuphezulu:
I-PAD ne-VIA? ≥ 0.254mm (10mil)
I-PAD ne-PAD? ≥ 0.254mm (10mil)
I-PAD ne-TRACK? 0.254mm (10mil)
Ange ≥? 0.254mm (10mil)
Okwesihlanu: ukwenza kahle izintambo nokuphrinta kwesilika.
“Cha, kungcono kuphela”! Akunandaba ukuthi uzama kanzima kangakanani ukuklama, lapho uqeda ukudweba, usazozwa ukuthi izindawo eziningi zingashintshwa. Okuhlangenwe nakho okujwayelekile kokuklama ukuthi isikhathi sokwenza ngcono i-wiring siphindwe kabili kunesentambo yokuqala. Ngemuva kokuthi uzwe ukuthi akukho lutho olungalungiswa, ungabeka ithusi (indawo -> indiza ye-polygon). Ithusi livame ukubekwa ngocingo lomhlabathi (qaphela ukwehlukaniswa komhlaba we-analog nomhlabathi wedijithali), namandla kagesi nawo angabekwa lapho kubeka amabhodi ama-multilayer. Ngokuphrinta kwesikrini sikasilika, naka ukuthi ungavinjelwa amadivayisi noma ususwe ama-vias namapads. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukwakheka kufanele kubhekane nengxenye yengxenye, futhi amagama ezansi kufanele abukelwe ukugwema ukudida ungqimba.
Owesithupha: ukuhlolwa kwenethiwekhi neDRC nokuhlolwa kwesakhiwo.
Okokuqala, ngombono wokuthi ukwakheka kohlelo lwesifunda kulungile, hlola ubudlelwano bokuxhumana obuphakathi kwefayela lenethiwekhi elenziwe nge-PCB nefayela lenethiwekhi, bese ulungisa ngesikhathi esifanele ukwakheka ngokuya ngemiphumela yefayela lokukhipha ukuqinisekisa ukunemba kobudlelwano bezintambo ;
Ngemuva kokuthi isheke lenethiwekhi liphasiswe kahle, i-DRC ihlola ukwakheka kwe-PCB, bese ilungisa ukwakheka ngesikhathi ngokuya ngemiphumela yefayela lokukhipha ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kukagesi kwentambo ye-PCB. Isakhiwo sokufakwa kwemishini se-PCB sizohlolwa futhi siqinisekiswe ngemuva kwalokho.
Okwesikhombisa: ukwenza amapuleti.
Ngaphambi kwalokho, kufanele kube nenqubo yokucwaningwa kwamabhuku.
Idizayini ye-PCB isivivinyo somqondo. Noma ngubani onengqondo eminyene nokuhlangenwe nakho okuphezulu, ibhodi elenzelwe lihle. Ngakho-ke, kufanele siqaphele ngokwedlulele ekwakhiweni, sicabangele ngokuphelele izinto ezahlukahlukene (ngokwesibonelo, abantu abaningi ababheki ukugcinwa kokugcinwa nokuhlolwa), qhubeka nokwenza ngcono, futhi sizokwazi ukuklama ibhodi elihle.