Esikulindele okuphelele PCB is usually a neat rectangular shape. Yize imiklamo eminingi ingunxande impela, eminingi idinga amabhodi anezimo ezingajwayelekile, okungelula ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuklama. This paper introduces how to design PCB with irregular shape.

Namuhla, ama-PCBS ayancipha futhi imisebenzi eyengeziwe futhi eyengeziwe yengezwa emabhodini, okuthi, kuhlanganiswe nokwanda kwejubane lewashi, okwenza imiklamo ibe yinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ake sibheke ukuthi singabhekana kanjani nebhodi lesifunda elinobunzima obuyinkimbinkimbi.

As figure 1 shows, simple PCI board shapes can be easily created in most EDA Layout tools.

Umdwebo 1: Ukubukeka kwebhodi lesifunda elijwayelekile le-PCI.

Kodwa-ke, lapho ukwakheka kwebhodi kudinga ukuguqulelwa kokuvalekile okuyinkimbinkimbi okunokulinganiselwa okuphezulu, akulula kubaqambi be-PCB ngoba imisebenzi ekulawa mathuluzi ayifani naleyo esezinhlelweni ze-CAD zemishini. Ibhodi lesifunda eliyinkimbinkimbi eliboniswe kuMdwebo 2 lenzelwe ikakhulukazi izindlu ezingenabungozi bokuqhuma futhi lingaphansi kwemikhawulo eminingi yemishini. Trying to reconstruct this information in EDA tools can take a long time and be unproductive. Kungenzeka ukuthi unjiniyela we-mechanical usevele wakha ukwakheka kwezindlu, ukwakheka kwebhodi lesifunda, indawo emgodini ekhuphukayo, nemikhawulo yokuphakama edingwa ngumklami we-PCB.

Umdwebo 2: Kulesi sibonelo, i-PCB kumele yakhelwe ngokuya ngemininingwane ethile ukuze ikwazi ukufakwa ezitsheni ezingafakwanga ukuqhuma.

Umdwebo 2: Kulesi sibonelo, i-PCB kumele yakhelwe ngokuya ngemininingwane ethile ukuze ikwazi ukufakwa ezitsheni ezingafakwanga ukuqhuma.

Ngenxa yama-radians nama-radii ebhodini lesifunda, ukwakhiwa kabusha kungathatha isikhathi eside kunokulindelekile, noma ngabe ukuma kwebhodi lesifunda kungeyona inkimbinkimbi (njengoba kukhonjisiwe kuMdwebo 3).

Umdwebo 3: Ukuklama ama-radians amaningi nama-radius ahlukile kungathatha isikhathi eside.

Umdwebo 3: Ukuklama ama-radians amaningi nama-radius ahlukile kungathatha isikhathi eside.

Lezi yizibonelo ezimbalwa nje zezimo eziyinkimbinkimbi zebhodi lesifunda. However, from today’s consumer electronics, you’d be surprised how many projects try to cram all the functionality into a small package that isn’t always rectangular. Smartphones and tablets are the first things that come to mind, but there are plenty of examples.

Uma ubuyisa imoto eqashisayo, ungakwazi ukubona isikhonzi sisebenzisa isithwebuli esiphathwa ngesandla ukuze sifunde imininingwane yemoto bese sixhumana ngokungenantambo nehhovisi. The device is also connected to a thermal printer for instant receipt printing. Cishe wonke lawa madivayisi asebenzisa amabhodi wesifunda aqinile / aguquguqukayo (Umdwebo 4), lapho amabhodi ejwayelekile e-PCB exhunywe khona namasekhethi aprintiwe aguquguqukayo ukuze agoqwe abe Izikhala ezincane.

Umdwebo 4: Ibhodi lesifunda eliqinile / eliguquguqukayo livumela ukusetshenziswa okuphelele kwesikhala esitholakalayo.

Umdwebo 4: Ibhodi lesifunda eliqinile / eliguquguqukayo livumela ukusetshenziswa okuphelele kwesikhala esitholakalayo.

Umbuzo-ke uthi, “Ungangenisa kanjani ukucaciswa kobunjiniyela bemishini kuchazwe kuthuluzi lokwakha i-PCB?” Ukuphinda usebenzise le datha kumidwebo yemishini kususa ukuphindaphindwa kwemizamo futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, iphutha lomuntu.

Singayixazulula le nkinga ngokungenisa lonke ulwazi kusoftware Yesakhiwo se-PCB sisebenzisa ifomethi ye-DXF, IDF noma ye-ProSTEP. Lokhu konga isikhathi esiningi futhi kuqeda kungenzeka kwephutha lomuntu. Okulandelayo, sizobheka ifomethi ngayinye yalezi.

Graphics interchange format – DXF

I-DXF ingenye yamafomethi amadala kakhulu futhi asetshenziswa kakhulu wokushintshisana kwedatha phakathi kwezizinda zokwenziwa kwe-mechanical ne-PCB. I-AutoCAD yathuthukisa ekuqaleni kwawo-1980. Le fomethi isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukushintshana kwedatha okulingana nambili. Iningi labathengisi bamathuluzi e-PCB bayayisekela le fomethi, futhi lenza kube lula ukushintshana kwedatha. Ukungeniswa / ukuthunyelwa kwe-DXF kudinga ukusebenza okwengeziwe ukulawula izingqimba, amabhizinisi ahlukene namayunithi azosetshenziswa kunqubo yokushintshisana. Umdwebo 5 uyisibonelo sokungenisa amafomu webhodi lesifunda anzima kakhulu ngefomethi ye-DXF kusetshenziswa amathuluzi we-Mentor Graphics ‘PADS:

Figure 5: PCB design tools (such as PADS described here) need to be able to control the various parameters required using DXF format.

Figure 5: PCB design tools (such as PADS described here) need to be able to control the various parameters required using DXF format.

Eminyakeni embalwa eyedlule, ukusebenza kwe-3d kwaqala ukuvela kumathuluzi we-PCB, futhi kwakunesidingo sefomethi engadlulisa idatha ye-3D phakathi kwemishini namathuluzi e-PCB. Ukusuka kulokhu, iMentor Graphics yathuthukisa ifomethi ye-IDF, ebisetshenziswa kabanzi ukudlulisa imininingwane yebhodi lesifunda kanye nolwazi lwezinto phakathi kwePCBS namathuluzi omshini.

Ngenkathi ifomethi ye-DXF iqukethe usayizi webhodi nobukhulu, ifomethi ye-IDF isebenzisa izikhundla ze-X nezingu-Y zento leyo, inombolo ye-bit yento, nokuphakama kwento eyi-z-axis. This format greatly improves the ability to visualize a PCB in a 3D view. Additional information about forbidden areas, such as height restrictions on the top and bottom of the board, may also be included in the IDF file.

Uhlelo ludinga ukwazi ukulawula okuzobe kuqukethwe kufayela le-IDF ngendlela efanayo ne-DXF parameter Settings, njengoba kukhonjisiwe ku-Figure 6. Uma ezinye izinto zingenalo ulwazi lokuphakama, ukuthunyelwa kwe-IDF kungangeza imininingwane engekho ngesikhathi sokudala.

Figure 6: Parameters can be set in the PCB design tool (PADS in this example).

Figure 6: Parameters can be set in the PCB design tool (PADS in this example).

Enye inzuzo yesixhumi esibonakalayo se-IDF ukuthi noma yiliphi iqembu lingahambisa into endaweni entsha noma liguqule ukwakheka kwebhodi, bese lenza ifayela elihlukile le-IDF. Okubi ngale ndlela ukuthi udinga ukufaka kabusha lonke ifayili elimele izinguquko ebhodini nasezintweni, futhi kwezinye izimo kungathatha isikhathi eside ngenxa yosayizi wefayela. In addition, it can be difficult to determine from the new IDF file what changes have been made, especially on larger boards. Users of IDF can eventually create custom scripts to determine these changes.

ISINYATHELO ne-ProSTEP

Ukuze kudluliswe kangcono idatha enezinhlangothi ezintathu, abaklami bafuna indlela ethuthukisiwe, ifomethi ye-STEP yaba khona. Ifomethi ye-STEP ingadlulisa ubukhulu bebhodi lesifunda nezakhiwo zezinto, kepha okubaluleke kakhulu, izingxenye azisenamumo olula onenani lokuphakama kuphela. Imodeli yengxenye ye-STEP ukuboniswa okuningiliziwe nokuyinkimbinkimbi kwezakhi ezisesimweni sobubanzi obuthathu. Kokubili ibhodi lesifunda nolwazi lwengxenye lungadluliselwa phakathi kwe-PCB nomshini. Noma kunjalo, ayikho indlela yokulandela izinguquko.

Ukwenza ngcono ukushintshaniswa kwefayela le-STEP, sethule ifomethi ye-ProSTEP. This format moves the same data as IDF and STEP and has a big improvement – it can track changes and also provide the ability to work within the discipline’s original systems and review any changes once a baseline has been established. In addition to viewing changes, PCB and mechanical engineers can approve all or individual component changes in layout, board shape modifications. Bangaphakamisa futhi nosayizi bebhodi ehlukile noma izindawo zezinto. Lokhu kukhulumisana okuthuthukile kwakha i-ECO (i-Engineering Change Order) phakathi kwe-ECAD nethimba lomshini elingakaze libe khona ngaphambili (Umfanekiso 7).

Umdwebo 7: Phakamisa ushintsho, buka ushintsho kuthuluzi lokuqala, vumela ushintsho, noma uphakamise okuhlukile.

Umdwebo 7: Phakamisa ushintsho, buka ushintsho kuthuluzi lokuqala, vumela ushintsho, noma uphakamise okuhlukile.

Namuhla, iningi lezinhlelo ze-ECAD kanye ne-mechanical CAD zisekela ukusetshenziswa kwefomethi ye-ProSTEP ukwenza ngcono ukuxhumana, konga isikhathi esiningi futhi kuncishiswe amaphutha abizayo angavela kumiklamo eyinkimbinkimbi ye-electromechanical. Ngaphezu kwalokho, onjiniyela bangonga isikhathi ngokwakha ukwakheka kwebhodi lesifunda elinenkinga eyengeziwe bese bedlulisa lolo lwazi nge-elektroniki ukugwema umuntu ohumusha kabi ubukhulu bebhodi lesifunda.

isiphetho

Uma ungakasebenzisi enye yalezi zinhlaka zedatha ye-DXF, IDF, STEP, noma ProSTEP ukushintshanisa imininingwane, kufanele uhlole ukusetshenziswa kwazo. Cabanga ukusebenzisa le edi ukumisa ukuchitha isikhathi ukuphinda usebenzise amafomu webhodi anzima.