Ingxolo esasazwayo ebangelwa kukuphazamiseka okungokwemvelo kobonelelo lwamandla. Kwiisekethe ze-high-frequency, ingxolo yokunikezelwa kwamandla inempembelelo enkulu kwiimpawu ze-frequency ephezulu. Ke ngoko, unikezelo lwamandla olunengxolo ephantsi luyafuneka kuqala. Umhlaba ococekileyo ubaluleke njengombane ococekileyo; uphazamiso lwendawo eqhelekileyo. Ibhekisa kwingxolo phakathi konikezelo lwamandla kunye nomhlaba. Kukuphazamiseka okubangelwa yi-voltage yemowudi eqhelekileyo ebangelwa yi-loop eyenziwe yisekethe ephazamisayo kunye nomphezulu wesalathiso oqhelekileyo wobonelelo lwamandla athile. Ixabiso layo lixhomekeke kwintsimi yombane kunye nentsimi yamagnetic. Amandla axhomekeke kumandla.

In i-PCB ephezulu, uhlobo olubaluleke ngakumbi lokuphazamiseka yingxolo yonikezelo lwamandla. Ngokusebenzisa uhlalutyo olucwangcisiweyo lweempawu kunye nezizathu zengxolo yamandla kwiibhodi ze-PCB ezihamba rhoqo, ezidityaniswe nezicelo zobunjineli, ezinye izisombululo ezisebenzayo nezilula zicetywayo.

Uhlalutyo lwengxolo yonikezelo lwamandla

Ingxolo yonikezelo lwamandla ibhekisa kwingxolo eveliswa lunikezelo lwamandla ngokwalo okanye olubangelwa kukuphazamiseka. Ungenelelo lubonakaliswa kule miba ilandelayo:

I-1) Isandi esisasazwayo esibangelwa kukuphazamiseka okungokwemvelo konikezelo lwamandla ngokwawo. Kwiisekethe eziphezulu ze-frequency, ingxolo yonikezelo lwamandla inempembelelo enkulu kwiimpawu eziphezulu ze-frequency. Ke ngoko, unikezelo lwamandla olunengxolo ephantsi luyafuneka kuqala. Umhlaba ococekileyo ubaluleke njengomthombo wamandla ococekileyo.

Ngokufanelekileyo, unikezelo lwamandla alukho i-impedance, ngoko akukho ngxolo. Nangona kunjalo, olona nikezelo lwamandla lune-impedance ethile, kwaye i-impedance isasazwa kuwo wonke unikezelo lwamandla. Ke ngoko, ingxolo iya kuba ngaphezulu kunikezelo lwamandla. Ngoko ke, ukunyanzeliswa kokunikezelwa kwamandla kufuneka kuncitshiswe ngokusemandleni, kwaye kungcono ukuba ube nomgangatho ozinikeleyo wamandla kunye nomgangatho womhlaba. Kuyilo lwesekethe ye-high-frequency, ngokuqhelekileyo kungcono ukuyila unikezelo lwamandla ngendlela yomaleko kunendlela yebhasi, ukwenzela ukuba i-loop ihlale ilandela indlela kunye neyona nto incinci. Ukongeza, ibhodi yamandla kufuneka ibonelele nge-loop yesignali kuzo zonke izibonakaliso eziveliswayo nezifunyenweyo kwi-PCB, ukwenzela ukuba i-loop ye-signal iyancipha, ngaloo ndlela inciphisa ingxolo.

2) Ukudibanisa umgca wamandla. Ibhekisa kwinto yokuba emva kokuba i-AC okanye i-DC intambo yamandla iphantsi kophazamiseko lwe-electromagnetic, intambo yamandla idlulisela ukuphazamiseka kwezinye izixhobo. Olu luphazamiseko olungathanga ngqo lwengxolo yonikezelo lwamandla kwisekethe ye-frequency ephezulu. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ingxolo yonikezelo lwamandla ayiveliswanga ngokwawo, kodwa inokuba yingxolo ebangelwa luphazamiseko lwangaphandle, kwaye emva koko iphakame le ngxolo ngengxolo eyenziwe ngokwayo (i-radiation okanye conduction) ukuphazamisa ezinye iisekethe. okanye izixhobo.

3) Ukuphazamiseka kwentsimi yendlela eqhelekileyo. Ibhekisa kwingxolo phakathi konikezelo lwamandla kunye nomhlaba. Kukuphazamiseka okubangelwa yi-voltage yemowudi eqhelekileyo ebangelwa yi-loop eyenziwe yisekethe ephazamisayo kunye nomphezulu wesalathiso oqhelekileyo wobonelelo lwamandla athile. Ixabiso layo lixhomekeke kwintsimi yombane kunye nentsimi yamagnetic. Amandla axhomekeke kumandla.

Kulo tshaneli, ukuhla kwe-Ic kuya kubangela i-voltage yendlela eqhelekileyo kwi-loop yangoku yochungechunge, eya kuchaphazela inxalenye yokufumana. Ukuba umhlaba wemagnethi wongamele, ixabiso lendlela yombane yemowudi eqhelekileyo eveliswe kuthotho lwelophu yomhlaba yile:

Vcm = — (△B/△t) × S (1) ΔB kwifomula (1) lutshintsho kwi-induction intensity magnetic, Wb/m2; S yindawo, m2.

Ukuba yintsimi ye-electromagnetic, xa ixabiso layo lentsimi yombane lisaziwa, amandla ombane afakwe apha:

Vcm = (L×h×F×E/48) (2)

Inxaki (2) isebenza ngokubanzi kwi-L=150/F okanye ngaphantsi, apho u-F ikukuphindaphinda kwamaza ombane kwi-MHz.

Ukuba lo mda ugqithisiwe, ukubalwa kowona mbane uphezulu owenziweyo unokwenziwa lula ukuze:

Vcm = 2×h×E (3) 3) Ukuphazamiseka kwebala lemo eyahlukileyo. Ibhekisa kuphazamiseko phakathi konikezelo lwamandla kunye negalelo kunye neentambo zombane eziphumayo. Kuyilo lwePCB oluyinyani, umbhali ufumanise ukuba ubungakanani bayo kwingxolo yonikezelo lwamandla incinci kakhulu, ngoko akuyomfuneko ukuyixoxa apha.

4) Ukuphazamiseka kwe-inter-line. Ibhekisa kuphazamiseko phakathi kweentambo zombane. Xa kukho i-capacitance ye-C kunye ne-inductance ye-M1-2 phakathi kweesekethe ezimbini ezahlukeneyo ezihambelanayo, ukuba kukho i-voltage ye-VC kunye ne-IC yangoku kwisekethe yomthombo wokuphazamiseka, isiphaluka esiphazamisekileyo siya kuvela:

a. Umbane odityaniswe nge-capacitive impedance yi

Vcm = Rv*C1-2*△Vc/△t (4)

Kwifomula (4), i-Rv lixabiso elihambelanayo lokuchasana ngokusondeleyo kunye nokuxhatshazwa kwesiphelo sesiphaluka esiphazamisekileyo.

b. Uxhathiso Series ngokusebenzisa coupling inductive

V = M1-2*△Ic/△t (5)

Ukuba kukho ingxolo yemowudi eqhelekileyo kumthombo wokuphazamiseka, ukuphazamiseka komgca ukuya kumgca ngokuqhelekileyo kuthatha indlela eqhelekileyo kunye nemo yokwahlukana.

Amanyathelo okuthintela ukuphelisa uphazamiseko lwengxolo yonikezelo lwamandla

Ngokujonga ukubonakaliswa okwahlukeneyo kunye nezizathu zokuphazamiseka kwengxolo yonikezelo lwamandla ehlalutywa ngasentla, iimeko ezenzeka phantsi kwazo zinokutshatyalaliswa ngendlela ekujoliswe kuyo, kwaye ukuphazamiseka kwengxolo yonikezelo lwamandla kunokucinezelwa ngokufanelekileyo. Izisombululo zezi:

1) Nika ingqalelo kwimingxuma esebhodini. Umngxuma odlulayo ufuna indawo evulekileyo kumaleko wamandla oza kufakwa ukushiya isithuba ukuze umngxuma ugqithe. Ukuba ukuvulwa koluhlu lwamandla kukhulu kakhulu, kuya kuchaphazela ngokuqinisekileyo i-loop yesignali, isibonakaliso siya kunyanzeliswa ukuba sidlule, indawo ye-loop iya kwanda, kwaye ingxolo iya kwanda. Kwangaxeshanye, ukuba eminye imigca yesiginali igxininiswe kufutshane nokuvulwa kwaye yabelane ngale loop, i-impedance eqhelekileyo iya kubangela crosstalk.

2) Beka icebo lokucoca ingxolo yombane. Iyakwazi ukucinezela ngokufanelekileyo ingxolo ngaphakathi konikezelo lwamandla kwaye iphucule i-anti-interference kunye nokhuseleko lwenkqubo. Kwaye sisihluzo esineendlela ezimbini zikanomathotholo, esingenako ukuhluza kuphela uphazamiseko lwengxolo olungeniswa kwintambo yamandla (ukuthintela ukuphazamiseka kwezinye izixhobo), kodwa kwakhona ukuhluza ingxolo eyenziwe ngokwayo (ukunqanda ukuphazamisana nezinye izixhobo. ), kwaye iphazamise imowudi yothotho eqhelekileyo. Zombini zinempembelelo yokuthintela.

3) I-transformer yokwahlula amandla. Ukwahlula iluphu yamandla okanye imowudi eqhelekileyo yomhlaba iluphu yentambo yomqondiso, inokwahlula ngokufanelekileyo imowudi eqhelekileyo yelophu yangoku eyenziwe kwifrikhwensi ephezulu.

4) Umlawuli wokubonelela ngombane. Ukufumana kwakhona unikezelo lwamandla ococekileyo kunokunciphisa kakhulu inqanaba lengxolo yobonelelo lwamandla.

5) Iingcingo. Imigca yokufaka kunye nokuphuma kombane akufanele ibekwe emaphethelweni ebhodi ye-dielectric, ngaphandle koko kulula ukuvelisa i-radiation kunye nokuphazamisa ezinye iisekethe okanye izixhobo.

6) Ukwahlula unikezelo lwamandla e-analog kunye nedijithali. Izixhobo ze-high-frequency ngokubanzi zivakalelwa kakhulu kwingxolo yedijithali, ngoko ke ezi zimbini kufuneka zohlulwe kwaye zixhunywe kunye ekungeneni kombane. Ukuba isignali kufuneka ivule zombini i-analog kunye neendawo zedijithali, i-loop inokubekwa kwi-signal span ukunciphisa indawo ye-loop.

7) Kuphephe ukugqithelana kwezibonelelo zamandla ezahlukeneyo phakathi kweeleya ezahlukeneyo. Zigxadaze kangangoko, kungenjalo ingxolo yonikezelo lwamandla idityaniswa ngokulula nge-parasitic capacitance.

8) Yahlula amalungu abuthathaka. Amanye amacandelo, afana ne-phase-locked loops (PLL), anovelwano kakhulu kwingxolo yonikezelo lwamandla. Zigcine zikude kunikezelo lwamandla kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

9) Iingcingo zomhlaba ezaneleyo zifunekayo kwiintambo zokudibanisa. Isiginali ngasinye kufuneka sibe nesaso sophawu olunikezelweyo, kwaye indawo yelophu yesiginali kunye nelophu incinci kangangoko, oko kukuthi, umqondiso kunye nelophu kufuneka zihambelane.

10) Beka intambo yamandla. Ukuze kuncitshiswe i-loop yesignali, ingxolo inokuncitshiswa ngokubeka umgca wamandla kumda womgca wesignali.

11) Ukuze kuthintelwe ingxolo yonikezelo lwamandla ukuphazamisana nebhodi yesekethe kunye nengxolo eqokelelweyo ebangelwa ukuphazamiseka kwangaphandle kunikezelo lwamandla, i-bypass capacitor inokudityaniswa nomhlaba kwindlela yokuphazamiseka (ngaphandle kwemitha), ukuze ingxolo inokugqithwa emhlabeni ukunqanda ukuphazamisana nezinye izixhobo kunye nezixhobo.

ukuququmbela

Ingxolo yombane yenziwa ngokuthe ngqo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo kunikezelo lwamandla kwaye iphazamise isekethe. Xa ucinezela impembelelo yayo kwisiphaluka, umgaqo oqhelekileyo kufuneka ulandelwe. Kwelinye icala, ingxolo yonikezelo lwamandla kufuneka ithintelwe kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Impembelelo yesiphaluka, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kufuneka inciphise impembelelo yelizwe langaphandle okanye isiphaluka kumbane wombane, ukwenzela ukuba ungabi mbi ngakumbi ingxolo yombane.