Nthawi zambiri, zopinga ndi malamulo mu PCB zida zamapangidwe sizimagwiritsidwa ntchito mocheperapo kapena sizimagwiritsidwa ntchito konse. Izi nthawi zambiri zimabweretsa zolakwika pamapangidwe a bolodi, zomwe zimatha kukhudza momwe bolodi imasonkhanitsira. Pali chifukwa choyika malire awa a PCB, ndikukuthandizani kupanga matabwa abwinoko. Tiyeni tiwone zomwe malamulo amapangidwe ndi zolepheretsa angachite pakupanga kwanu komanso momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito bwino.

Zofunikira za masanjidwe a PCB

Zolepheretsa masanjidwe a PCB Poyambirira, wopanga PCB ali ndi udindo wopeza ndi kukonza zolakwika zonse pamapangidwe. Izi zimagwira ntchito bwino mukapanga zingwe pa liwiro la 4x patebulo lowala ndipo mutha kuwongolera ndi Exacto kudula mphasa. Komabe, m’dziko lamakono lamitundu yambiri, laling’ono kwambiri, lothamanga kwambiri la PCB, izi sizingatheke. Mutha kukumbukira malamulo onse osiyanasiyana, koma kuzindikira kuphwanya kulikonse sikungatheke kwa aliyense. Kusaka kwambiri.

Mwamwayi, chida chilichonse chopangira PCB pamsika masiku ano chimabwera ndi dongosolo la malamulo ndi zopinga zomwe zimamangidwa. Ndi machitidwewa, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosavuta kukhazikitsa magawo apadziko lonse lapansi, monga kukula kwa mizere ndi masitayilo, ndipo kutengera chida, mutha kupeza Zokonda kwambiri. Zida zambiri zidzakulolani kuti muyike malamulo a maukonde osiyanasiyana ndi magulu a maukonde, kapena kukhazikitsa zolepheretsa kuti zikuthandizeni kutsatira njira zopangira monga kutalika kwa maukonde ndi topology. Zida zamapangidwe apamwamba kwambiri a PCB zidzakhalanso ndi malamulo ndi zopinga zomwe mungakhazikitse pakupanga, kuyesa, ndi kuyerekezera zinthu zina.

Phindu lina la malamulowa ndi zopinga zake ndikuti nthawi zambiri amatha kusinthika pamapangidwe aliwonse, ndikukupatsani kusinthasintha kwakukulu. Zitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito nthawi zambiri kuchokera pakupanga mpaka kupanga. Populumutsa kapena kutumiza kunja malamulo ndi zopinga kunja kwa dongosolo la PCB design CAD, akhoza kukonzedwa ndikusungidwa mofanana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito magawo a laibulale. Ndikofunikira kuzigwiritsa ntchito, ndipo kuti mutero, muyenera kudziwa momwe mungawakhazikitsire.

Momwe mungakhazikitsire malamulo a mapangidwe a PCB ndi zopinga

Kapangidwe kalikonse ka PCB kachitidwe ka CAD ndi kosiyana, kotero sikungakhale kopanda pake kupereka zitsanzo zamalamulo za momwe mungakhazikitsire malamulo opangira ndi zopinga. Komabe, titha kukupatsirani chidziwitso chofunikira cha momwe makina oletsawa amagwirira ntchito komanso momwe angawagwiritsire ntchito.

Choyamba, nthawi zonse ndi bwino kupeza zambiri zamapangidwe momwe mungathere musanayambe. Mwachitsanzo, muyenera kumvetsetsa board layer stacking. Izi ndizofunikira pazoletsa zilizonse zoyendetsedwa ndi impedance zomwe ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa, monga kuwonjezera, kuchotsa, kapena kukonzanso zigawo pambuyo poti mapangidwe ayamba ndi ntchito yolemetsa. Muyeneranso kuyang’ana malamulo osasinthika a m’lifupi ndi malo, komanso zikhalidwe zina za ukonde, wosanjikiza, kapena malo apadera a bolodi. Nazi mfundo zazikuluzikulu zokhazikitsa malamulo ndi zopinga:

Schematic: Lowetsani zambiri zamalamulo ndi zoletsa momwe mungathere mudongosolo lojambula zithunzi musanalowe m’makonzedwe momwe mungathere. Malamulowa nthawi zambiri amasamutsidwa mukagwirizanitsa schematics ndi masanjidwewo. Ngati ma schematics amayendetsa malamulo ndi zopinga, komanso chidziwitso chamagulu ndi kulumikizana, kapangidwe kanu kamakhala kokonzekera bwino.

Pang’onopang’ono: Mukalowetsa malamulo mu dongosolo la CAD, yambani pansi pamapangidwewo ndikugwira ntchito yanu. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, yambani ndi stack wosanjikiza ndikumanga malamulo kuchokera pamenepo. Izi ndizosavuta ngati muli ndi malamulo osanjikiza ndi zopinga zomwe zakhazikitsidwa mudongosolo lanu la CAD.

Kuyika kwa gawo: Dongosolo lanu la CAD lidzakhazikitsa malamulo ndi zoletsa zosiyanasiyana kuti muyike magawo, monga malire a kutalika, katayanidwe kagawo kakang’ono, ndi masinthidwe a magawo ndi magawo. Khazikitsani malamulowa ambiri momwe mungathere, ndipo musaiwale kuwasintha kuti agwirizane ndi zomwe mukufuna kupanga. Ngati zofunikira zopanga ndi 25 mils, ndiye kuti kugwiritsa ntchito malamulo anu kusunga 20 mils ya chilolezo pakati pa magawo ndi njira yatsoka.

Zolepheretsa pamayendedwe: Mutha kukhazikitsa zopinga zingapo, kuphatikiza makonda osasinthika, makonda enieni komanso kuchuluka kwamagulu am’lifupi ndi matayala. Mutha kukhazikitsanso net-to-NET ndi Net class-to-class values. Awa ndi malamulo chabe. Mukhozanso kukonza zolepheretsa mapangidwe amtundu waukadaulo womwe mukufuna kupanga. Mwachitsanzo, controlled impedance cabling ingafune kuti muyike maukonde ena kuti ayendetsedwe pamalo enaake okhala ndi mzere wodziwikiratu.

Zolepheretsa zina: Gwiritsani ntchito zopinga zonse zomwe zilipo mudongosolo la PCB design CAD ngati kuli kotheka. Ngati muli ndi zopinga mutha kuyang’ana chilolezo cha skrini, malo oyesera kapena mzere wa solder pakati pa mapepala, gwiritsani ntchito. Malamulo ndi zopingazi zidzakuthandizani kupewa zolakwika zapangidwe pa bolodi zomwe ziyenera kukonzedwa kuti zipangidwe.