Chii chinonzi mutsetse upamhi?

Ngatitangei nezvinokosha. Chii chaizvo chiri trace upamhi? Nei zvichikosha kudoma yakatarwa yekurebesa upamhi? Chinangwa che PCB wiring ndeyekubatanidza chero mhando yemagetsi chiratidzo (analoginhi, dijitari kana simba) kubva kune imwe node kuenda kune imwe.

Node inogona kuva pini yechimwe chinhu, bazi rerondedzero hombe kana ndege, kana padhi isina chinhu kana poindi yekuyedza. Tsvaga hupamhi hunowanzo kuyerwa mumamil kana zviuru zvemasentimita. Yakajairwa wiring upamhi hwezviratidzo zvakajairwa (hapana chakakosha zvinodiwa) inogona kunge iri akati wandei pakureba mu7-12 mils renji, asi zvinhu zvakawanda zvinofanirwa kutariswa kana uchitsanangura wiring upamhi uye kureba.

Iko kushandiswa kunowanzo fambisa iyo wiring upamhi uye wiring mhando muPCB dhizaini uye, pane imwe nguva, kazhinji zviyero pcb yekugadzira mutengo, bhodhi density / saizi, uye mashandiro. Kana iro bhodhi riine zvakasarudzika dhizaini dhizaini, sekumhanyisa optimization, ruzha kana kubatanidza kudzvanyirira, kana yakakwira yazvino / magetsi, hupamhi uye mhando yeronda inogona kuve yakakosha pane kugadzirisa iyo yekugadzira mutengo weiyo isina PCB kana iyo yakazara bhodhi saizi.

Tsananguro ine chekuita newiring muPBB yekugadzira

Kazhinji, zvinotevera zvinongedzo zvine chekuita newiring zvinotanga kuwedzera mutengo wekugadzira isina PCBS.

Nekuda kwekuomesera pcb kushivirira uye iyo yekupedzisira-yekupedzisira michina inodiwa mukugadzira, kuongorora kana kuyedzwa kwePCBS, mitengo inova yakanyanya kukwirira:

L Trace upamhi isingasviki 5 mil (0.005 mukati.)

L Tsvaga kusiyanisa isingasviki mashanu mamirimita

L Kuburikidza nemakomba asingasviki 8 mil dhayamita

L Trace ukobvu zvishoma kana kuenzana ne1 ounce (yakaenzana ne1.4 mils)

L Kusiyanisa vaviri uye kudzora kureba kana wiring impedance

Yakakwira-simbi dhizaini inosanganisa pcb nzvimbo yekutora, senge yakanyatsoparadzaniswa BGA kana yakakwira chiratidzo kuverenga mabhazi akafanana, ingangoda mutsetse upamhi hwe2.5 mil, pamwe nemhando dzakasarudzika dze-kuburikidza-maburi ane dhayamita anosvika 6 mil, akadai se laser yakaboora microthrough-maburi. Zvakare, mamwe emagetsi-emhando dhizaini angangoda wiring yakakura kwazvo kana ndege, ichidya materu ese uye ichidururira maiza ayo ari mukobvu kupfuura mureza. Mukushandisa kwakamanikidzwa-nenzvimbo, mahwendefa matete kwazvo ane zvidimbu zvakati wandei nehuremu hwemhangura hwekukanda hwehafu yehafu (0.7 mil ukobvu) hungangodiwa.

Mune zvimwe zviitiko, dhizaini yekumhanya-mhanya kutaurirana kubva kune imwe peripheral kune imwe ingangoda wiring ine inodzorwa impedance uye yakatarwa hupamhi uye nzvimbo pakati peumwe kudzikisira kuratidzira uye inductive coupling. Kana dhizaini yacho ingangoda hurefu kuti ifananidze mamwe ma sign akakodzera mubhazi. Mahombekombe emagetsi anoshanda anoda mamwe machengetedzo maficha, sekuderedza kureba pakati pezviratidzo zviviri zvakasiyana zvekudzivirira arcing. Zvisinei nehunhu kana maficha, kutsvaga tsananguro kwakakosha, saka ngationgororei akasiyana mafomu.

Yakasiyana-siyana wiring upamhi uye ukobvu

PCBS inowanzo kuve nemhando dzakasiyana dzemitsara upamhi, sezvo zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa nemasaini (ona Mufananidzo 1). Iwo akanakisa maratidziro akaratidzirwa ndeavo chaiwo-echinangwa TTL (transistor-transistor logic) mwero masigineti uye haana zvido zvakakosha zvekukwirira kwazvino kana kwekudzivirira ruzha.

Aya ndiwo angave akajairika wiring mhando pabhodhi.

Wicker wiring yakagadziridzwa kuitisa kwazvino kutakura huremu uye inogona kushandiswa kune zvinokamhina kana zvine chekuita nemagetsi zvinoda simba rakakwira, senge mafeni, mota, uye simba remagetsi rinowedzererwa kuenda kuzvikamu zvepasi-zvepasi. Iyo yekumusoro chikamu chekuruboshwe chemufananidzo chinotaridza chiratidzo chekusiyanisa (USB yakakwira-kumhanya) iyo inotsanangura chakatarisana nzvimbo uye hupamhi kuzadzisa iyo impedance inodiwa ye90 ω. Mufananidzo 2 unoratidza denser redunhu bhodhi ine maratanhatu uye inoda BGA (bhora grid array) gungano rinoda wiring yakanyatsonaka.

Maitiro ekuverenga pcb mutsara upamhi?

Ngatipfuurei mukati mehurongwa hwekuverenga imwe trace upamhi yechiratidzo chemagetsi chinotamisa chazvino kubva kuchinhu chemagetsi kuenda kuchinhu chekumusoro. Mumuenzaniso uyu, isu tichaverenga hushoma mutsetse upamhi hwesimba nzira yemota DC. Iyo nzira yemagetsi inotangira pane fiyuzi, inoyambuka H-bhiriji (chinhu chinoshandiswa kugadzirisa kufambisa kwesimba mhiri kweDC mota mamhepo), uye inoguma pane chinobatanidza mota. Ivhareji inoenderera inoenderana neazvino inodiwa neDC mota ndeye ma2 amperes.

Ikozvino, pcb wiring inoshanda seanodzivisa, uye iyo yakareba uye yakamanikana iyo wiring, iko kuramba kuramba kunowedzerwa. Kana iyo wiring ikasatsanangurwa nemazvo, iyo yepamusoro yazvino inogona kukuvadza wiring uye / kana kukonzera yakakosha magetsi kudonha kumota (zvichikonzera kuderedzwa kumhanya). Iyo NetC21_2 inoratidzwa muMufananidzo 3 inenge 0.8 inches pakureba uye inoda kutakura yakanyanya ikozvino ma2 amperes. Kana tikatora mamwe mamiriro akajairwa, senge 1 ounce yekudira kwemhangura uye tembiricha yemukamuri panguva yekuita kwese, tinofanirwa kuverenga hupamhi hwemitsara uye kudonha kunotarisirwa kwakadzikira pahupamhi.

Maitiro ekuverenga pcb wiring kuramba?

Iyi inotevera equation inoshandiswa kutsvaga nzvimbo:

Nzvimbo [Mils ²] = (yazvino [Amps] / (K * (Temp_Rise [° C]) ^ b)) ^ (1 / C), inotevera IPC yekunze dura (kana kumusoro / pasi), k = 0.048, b = 0.44, C = 0.725. Ziva kuti chete musiyano watinonyatsoda kuisa ndewezvino.

Kushandisa dunhu rino mune inotevera equation kunotipa iyo yakafanira upamhi iyo inotitaurira iyo upamhi upamhi hunodiwa kutakura izvo zvazvino pasina zvingangoita matambudziko:

Upamhi [Mils] = nharaunda [Mils ^ 2] / (ukobvu [oz] * 1.378 [mils / oz]), uko 1.378 inoenderana neyakajairwa 1 oz inodurura ukobvu.

Nekuisa 2 amperes yezvazvino muchiverengero chiri pamusoro, tinowana mashoma emamirimita makumi matatu ewiring.

Asi izvo hazvitiudze kuti kudonha kwemagetsi kuchavei. Izvi zvinobatanidzwa zvakanyanya nekuti zvinoda kuverenga kushaya kwetambo, izvo zvinogona kuitwa zvinoenderana nefomura inoratidzwa mumufananidzo 4.

Mune fomula iyi, ρ = kudzvinyirira kwemhangura, α = tembiricha inokwana mhangura, T = kuronda ukobvu, W = kuronda upamhi, L = kureba kwekutevera, T = tembiricha. Kana iwo ese akakosha kukosha akaiswa mune 0.8 “kureba kwe30mils upamhi, tinoona kuti iyo wiring kuramba iri nezve 0.03? Uye inoderedza iwo magetsi neinenge 26mV, inova yakanaka kune ichi chishandiso. Zvinobatsira kuziva zvinokanganisa tsika idzi.

Pcb tambo kutsemura uye kureba

Zvekugadzirwa kwedhijitari zvine kumhanya-mhanya kutaurirana, kupatsanura kwakatarisana uye kureba urefu kunogona kudikanwa kudzikisa crosstalk, coupling, uye kuratidza. Nechinangwa ichi, mamwe maitiro anowanzoitwa anove USB-based serial kusiyanisa masaini uye RAM-based yakafanana misiyano masaini. Kazhinji, USB 2.0 ichada kusiyanisa nzira pa480Mbit / s (USB yakakwira kirasi kirasi) kana yakakwira. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti yakakwira-mhanyisa USB inowanzo shanda pamatanho akadzika kwazvo uye misiyano, ichiunza huwandu hwesekero padhuze neruzha rwemashure.

Pane zvinhu zvitatu zvakakosha zvekutarisa kana uchifambisa -kumhanyisa tambo dze USB: waya upamhi, nzvimbo yekutungamira, uye tambo kureba.

Zvese izvi zvakakosha, asi chakanyanya kutsoropodza chevatatu ndechekuita chokwadi chekuti hurefu hwemitsetse miviri hunoenderana zvakanyanya sezvinobvira. Semutemo wakazara wechigumwe, kana hurefu hwetambo hwakasiyana kubva kune imwe neimwe husingasviki mamirioni makumi mashanu (yeiyo inomhanyisa-USB), izvi zvinowedzera zvakanyanya njodzi yekuratidzira, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kutaurirana kwakashata. 90 ohm inoenderana impedance inguva yakajairwa yekusiyanisa vaviri wiring. Kuti uwane ichi chinangwa, kufambisa kunofanirwa kukwidziridzwa muhupamhi uye nzvimbo.

Mufananidzo 5 unoratidza muenzaniso weakasiyana mapaipi ewiring yakakwira-mhanya USB maficha ane gumi nemaviri emamirimita wiring mumatanho gumi nemashanu.

Nzvimbo dzezvirangaridzo-zvine zvikamu zvine zvikamu zvinoenderana (senge DDR3-SDRAM) zvinonyanya kumanikidzwa maererano nehurefu hwetambo. Mazhinji epamusoro-magumo pcb dhizaini software ichave nehurefu gadziriso kugona iyo inokwenenzvera urefu hwemutsara kuti ienzane nemasaini ese akakodzera mune yakafanana bhazi. Mufananidzo 6 inoratidza muenzaniso weiyo DDR3 dhizaini nehurefu hwekugadzirisa wiring.

Zvisaririra uye ndege dzekuzadza pasi

Zvimwe zvekushandisa zvine zvinhu zvinonzwika zvine ruzha, zvakaita semachipisi asina waya kana maantenna, zvingangoda kuchengetedzwa zvishoma. Kugadzira wiring uye ndege dzine maburi epasi akasungirirwa anogona kubatsira zvakanyanya kudzikisira kubatanidza wiring iri padyo kana kunhonga ndege uye nezviratidzo-zvebhodhi zvinokambaira zvichipinda mumakona ebhodhi.

Mufananidzo 7 unoratidza muenzaniso wemojuruji yeBluetooth yakaiswa padivi pemucheto weplate, iine kanyanga kayo (kuburikidza nechiratidziro chakadhindwa “ANT” mamakisi) kunze kwetambo gobvu ine yakadzamidzirwa nepakati-maburi akabatanidzwa pakuumbwa kwepasi. Izvi zvinobatsira kupatsanura kanyanga kubva kune mamwe epabhodhi maseketi uye ndege.

Iyi imwe nzira yekufambisa nepasi (mune iyi ndege ye polygonal) inogona kushandiswa kuchengetedza bhodhi redunhu kubva kunze kwemabhodhi asinganetsi masaini. Mufananidzo 8 inoratidza ruzha-inonzwisisika pcb ine pasi yakavhurika nepakati-gomba rakadzika midzi padivi pebhodhi.

Maitiro akanakisa ePCB wiring

Zvinhu zvakawanda zvinotarisa wiring hunhu hwePCB munda, saka ive shuwa yekutevera akanakisa maitiro kana uchinge wiring yako inotevera PCB, uye iwe unowana chiyero pakati pcbb Fab mutengo, wedunhu density, uye kuita kwese.