Inā ua lohe ʻoe i ka huaʻōlelo “PCB manuahi-halogen”A makemake e aʻo hou aʻe, ua hele ʻoe i ka wahi kūpono. Māhele mākou i ka moʻolelo ma hope o kēia papa kaapuni i paʻi ʻia.

E ʻike i nā ʻoiaʻiʻo e pili ana i nā halogens ma PCB, nā halogens i ka nui a me nā koi no ka huaʻōlelo “halogen-free”. Ua nānā mākou i nā maikaʻi o ka halogen-free.

He aha ka PCB halogen-free?

In order to meet the requirements of a halogen-free PCB, the board must contain no more than a certain amount of halogens in parts per million (PPM).

Halogens i biphenyl polychlorinated

Halogens have a variety of uses in relation to PCBS.

Chlorine is used as a flame retardant or protective coating for polyvinyl chloride (PVC) wires. Hoʻohana ʻia ia ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻoheheʻe no ka hoʻomohala semiconductor a hoʻomaʻemaʻe paha i nā ʻikena kamepiula.

Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Bromine ma ke ʻano he retardant ahi e pale ai i nā mea uila a i ʻole e sterilize i nā mea.

He aha ka pae i manaʻo ʻia he halogen-ʻole?

The International Electrochemistry Commission (IEC) sets the standard at 1,500 PPM for total halogen content by limiting halogen use. ʻO nā palena no ka chlorine a me ka bromine 900 PPM.

Kūlike nā palena PPM inā pili ʻoe i ka palena Hazardous Substance (RoHS).

Please note that various halogen standards exist on the market. No ka mea ʻaʻole koi ʻia kahi hana manuahi-halogen, ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa nā pae ʻae ʻia i hoʻonohonoho ʻia e nā hui kūʻokoʻa, e like me nā mea hana.

Halogen-free board design

I kēia manawa, pono mākou e hoʻomaopopo he paʻakikī ka loaʻa ʻana o ka PCBS ʻole he halogen maoli. Aia paha he mau liʻiliʻi o nā halogens ma nā papa kaapuni, a hiki ke hūnā ʻia kēia mau mea hoʻohui i nā wahi i manaʻo ʻole ʻia.

E wehewehe pono i kekahi mau laʻana. ʻAʻole halogen-free ka papa kaapuni ʻōmaʻomaʻo ke ʻole e hemo ka substrate ʻōmaʻomaʻo mai ke kiʻi solder.

Epoxy resins that help protect PCBS may contain chlorine. Hiki ke hūnā ʻia ʻo Halogens i nā mea e like me nā gel aniani, pulu ʻana a me nā ʻola hoʻōla, a me nā mea hoʻolaha resin.

You should also be aware of the potential pitfalls of using halogen-free materials. Eia kekahi laʻana, i ka loaʻa ʻole o nā halogens, hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia ka lāki o ka solder to flux, a laila e loaʻa ai i nā kikala.

E hoʻomanaʻo i kēlā mau pilikia ʻaʻole pono e hoʻokahuli ʻia. ʻO kahi ala maʻalahi e hōʻalo ai i nā ʻōpala e hoʻohana i ka pale solder (ʻike ʻia ʻo solder resist) e wehewehe i nā pads.

He mea nui e laulima me nā mea hana PCB kaulana e ʻike pono i ka transparency o ka ʻike halogen i PCB. Despite their recognition, not every manufacturer currently has the capacity to produce these boards.

Eia nō naʻe, i kēia manawa ʻike ʻoe i kahi o nā halogens a me nā mea no lākou, hiki iā ʻoe ke kuhikuhi i nā koi. Pono paha ʻoe e hana pū me ka mea hana e hoʻoholo i ke ala ʻoi loa e hōʻalo ai i nā halogens pono ʻole.

ʻOiai ʻo ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi PCB manuahi 100% hiki ʻole ke lilo i mea paʻakikī, hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i kahi PCB i kahi pae ʻae ʻia e like me nā lula IEC a me RoHS.

He aha nā halogens?

ʻAʻole nā ​​halogens iā lākou iho nā kemika a me nā mea. Unuhi ʻia ka huaʻōlelo mai ka Helene a i ka “agena hana paʻakai” a kuhikuhi i kahi moʻo o nā mea pili i ka papa manawa.

Hoʻopili kēia i ka chlorine, bromine, iodine, fluorine a me A – kekahi o ia mau mea āu e kamaʻāina ai. ʻOiaʻiʻo leʻaleʻa: Hoʻohui me ka sodium a me nā halogens e hana i ka paʻakai! Eia hou, he mau ʻano kūʻokoʻa ko kēlā me kēia mehana i kūpono iā mākou.

Iodine is a common disinfectant. Hoʻohui ʻia nā mea hoʻohui fluoride e like me fluoride i nā lako wai lehulehu e hāpai i ke olakino niho, a loaʻa pū ʻia lākou i nā lubricants a me nā pahu hau.

ʻImi loa, ʻaʻole maopopo iki kona ʻano, a ke aʻo ʻia nei ʻo Tennessee Tinge.

Chlorine and bromine are found in everything from water disinfectors to pesticides and, of course, PCBS.

Why create halogen-free PCBS?

Although halogens play a vital role in PCB structures, they have a disadvantage that is hard to ignore: toxicity. Yes, these substances are functional flame retardants and fungicides, but they cost a lot.

Chlorine and bromine are the main culprits here. Hiki ke hōʻike i kekahi o kēia mau kemika i nā ʻōuli o ka hōʻoluʻolu, e like me ka nausea, ka ʻū, ka huhū o ka ʻili a me ka hihi.

ʻAʻole hiki i ka lawelawe ʻana i ka PCBS ke loaʻa nā halogens i ka hopena weliweli. Still, if the PCB catches fire and emits smoke, you can expect these adverse side effects.

If chlorine happens to mix with hydrocarbons, it produces dioxins, a deadly carcinogen. Unfortunately, due to the limited resources available to safely recycle PCBS, some countries tend to perform poor disposal.

No laila, he mea weliweli i ka hoʻolei kūpono ʻana o PCBS me ka ʻike chorine kiʻekiʻe i ke kaiaolaola. Burning these gadgets to eliminate them (which does happen) can release dioxins into the environment.

Benefits of using halogen-free PCBS

I kēia manawa ua ʻike ʻoe i nā ʻoiaʻiʻo, no ke aha e hoʻohana ai i kahi PCB manuahi-ʻole?

The main advantage is that they are less toxic alternatives to halogen filled alternatives. Prioritizing ka palekana o ʻoe, kāu mau loea, a me ka poʻe e lawelawe ana i nā papa e lawa pono e noʻonoʻo e hoʻohana i ka papa.

In addition, the environmental risks are much lower than for equipment that contains large amounts of such hazardous chemicals. ʻOi aku i nā wahi i loaʻa ʻole nā ​​hana hoʻopōʻaiapuni PCB maikaʻi loa, nā ʻike halogen lalo e hōʻoia i ka hoʻolei palekana.

In an age of booming technology, where consumers are becoming increasingly aware of toxins in their products, the applications are almost limitless — ideally, halogen-free for the electronics in cars, mobile phones and other devices we keep in close touch with.

Akā ʻaʻole ʻo ka hoʻemi ʻemi wale nō ka pono: loaʻa iā lākou kahi pono hana. Hiki i kēia PCBS ke kū mau i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe, e kūpono ana iā lākou no nā kaapuni kēpau kēpau. Since lead is another compound that most industries try to avoid, you can kill two birds with a rock.

Halogen-free PCB insulation may be cost-effective and effective for disposable electronics. ʻO ka hope loa, no ka mea ke hoʻouna nei kēia mau papa i kahi kūmau dielectric haʻahaʻa, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka mālama pono ʻana i ka hōʻailona.

Pono mākou āpau e hoʻoikaika i ka ʻike e hōʻemi i nā mea i hōʻalo ʻia i nā lakohana koʻikoʻi e like me PCBS. ʻOiai ʻaʻole i hoʻoponopono ʻia ʻo PCBS-free PCBS e ke kānāwai, ke hana ʻia nei ma ka ʻaoʻao o nā hui e hopohopo nei e kāpae i ka hoʻohana ʻana o kēia mau pūhui ʻino.