Saizvozvo, yakadhindwa redunhu bhodhi (PCB) zvakagadzirwa nemagetsi mitsara zvinhu, kureva kuti yavo impedance inofanira kugara. Saka nei pcb ichiunza nonlinearity muchiratidzo? Mhinduro ndeyekuti marongero ePCB ari “enzvimbo asiri emitsara” inoenderana nekwekuyerera kwazvino.

Kunyangwe iyo gudzazwi inogamuchira yazvino kubva kune imwe sosi kana imwe inoenderana neiyo pakarepo polarity yechiratidzo pane mutoro. Yazvino inoyerera ichibva pasimba remagetsi, kuburikidza neiyo yekupfuura capacitor, kuburikidza neyekuwedzera mumutoro. Iyo yazvino inozofamba ichibva kune inoremerwa pasi terminal (kana kudzivirirwa kwePCB goho chinobatanidza) kudzokera kune iyo pasi ndege, kuburikidza nekupfuura capacitor, uye kudzokera kune iyo sosi yekutanga yaipa izvozvi.

Pfungwa yepashoma nzira yazvino kuburikidza nemhedheni haina kunaka. Huwandu hwazvino munzira dzese dzakasiyana dzemhedheni hwakaenzana nekuitisa kwayo. Mune imwe ndege yepasi, panowanzo kuve neinopfuura imwe yakaderera-impedance nzira kuburikidza iyo yakakura chikamu chepasi parizvino kuyerera: imwe nzira yakabatana yakanangana neapass capacitor; Imwe yacho inonakidza yekupikisa resistor kudzamara iyo yekupfuura capacitor yasvika. Mufananidzo 1 unoratidzira idzi mbiri nzira. Iko kuyerera kwazvino ndiko kuri kunyatso kukonzera dambudziko.

Maitiro ekuderedza harmonic kukanganisa mune pcb dhizaini

Kana yekupfuura ma capacitors ikaiswa munzvimbo dzakasiyana paPCB, iyo yepasi parizvino inoyerera nenzira dzakasiyana kuenda kune yakadarika kupfuura ma capacitors, inova iyo zvinoreva “nzvimbo isina kubatana”. Kana chikamu chakakosha chechikamu che polar chepasi parizvino chichiyerera nepasi peseketi yekuisa, icho chete chikamu che polar chechiratidzo chinovhiringidzwa. Kana iyo imwe polarity yevhu yazvino isina kukanganiswa, iyo yekuisa chiratidzo magetsi magetsi anochinja nenzira isina mutsetse. Kana imwe polarity chikamu yashandurwa asi imwe polarity isiri, kukanganisa kunoitika uye kunoratidzirwa sekukanganisa kwechipiri kweharmonic kwechiratidzo chinobuda. Mufananidzo 2 unoratidza kukanganisa uku mune akawedzeredzwa fomu.

Maitiro ekuderedza harmonic kukanganisa mune pcb dhizaini

Kana imwechete polar chikamu cheiyo sine wave ichivhiringidzika, iyo inoguma waveform haisisiri sine wave. Kufananidza yakagadzika gadziriso ine zana-ω mutoro uye kubatanidza mutoro uripo kuburikidza ne100-ω resistor muvhu revhu pane imwechete polarity yechiratidzo, zvinoguma mufananidzo 1.Fourier shanduko inoratidza kuti iyo inokanganisa waveform ingangoita ese echipiri maumboni pa -68 DBC. Pakukwirira kwakawanda, iyi nhanho yekubatanidza inogadzirwa nyore nyore paPCB, iyo inogona kuparadza yakanakisa anti-kusanganisa hunhu hwechidzudziswi pasina kushandisa kune yakawanda yakakosha isina mutsetse mhedzisiro yePCB. Kana kuburitswa kweyechete yekushandisa amplifaya yakamonyaniswa nekuda kwepasi nzira yazvino, iyo yepasi kuyerera ikozvino kuyerera kunogona kugadziridzwa nekugadzirisa zvakare yekudarika chiuno uye kuchengetedza chinhambwe kubva kune yekuisa mudziyo, sezvakaratidzwa muMufananidzo 4.

Maitiro ekuderedza harmonic kukanganisa mune pcb dhizaini

Multiamplifier chip

Dambudziko remazhinji-gudzazwi machipisi (maviri, matatu, kana mana maaplifaya) akawedzera nekusagona kuchengetedza kubatana kwepasi kweiyo yekupfuura capacitor kure nezvose zvinoiswa. Izvi zvinonyanya kuitika kune ma amplifaya mana. Quad-amplifier machipisi ane zviteshi zvekuisa padivi rega rega, saka hapana nzvimbo yemapaseti ekuderedza ayo anodzikisira kukanganiswa kune yekuisa chiteshi.

Maitiro ekuderedza harmonic kukanganisa mune pcb dhizaini

Mufananidzo 5 unoratidza nzira yakapusa kune mana-gudzazwi dhizaini. Midziyo mizhinji inosangana yakanangana nequad gudzazwi pini. Iyo ivhu razvino rerimwe magetsi rinokwanisa kukanganisa iyo yekuisa ivhu voltage uye yepasi ikozvino yeiyo imwe chiteshi magetsi magetsi, zvichikonzera kukanganisa. Semuenzaniso, iyo (+ Vs) yekupfuura capacitor pane chiteshi 1 yeiyo quad amplifier inogona kuiswa yakanangana padhuze nekwairi kuisa; Iyo (-Vs) yekupfuura capacitor inogona kuiswa kune rimwe divi repakeji. Iyo (+ Vs) pasi yazvino inogona kukanganisa chiteshi 1, nepo (-vs) pasi pari zvino isingakwanise.

Maitiro ekuderedza harmonic kukanganisa mune pcb dhizaini

Kuti udzivise dambudziko iri, rega pasi parizvino rikanganise iyo yekuisa, asi rega iyo pcb yazvino kuyerera mune yepakatially linear fashoni. Kuti uite izvi, yekudarika capacitor inogona kurongedzwa paPCB nenzira yekuti iyo (+ Vs) uye (- Vs) mafungu epasi anoyerera nenzira imwecheteyo. Kana chiratidzo chekupinza chakakanganiswa zvakaenzana nemasaisai akanaka uye asina kunaka, kukanganisa hakuzoitika. Naizvozvo, enzanisa iwo maviri ekupfuura ma capacitors padhuze nepadhuze kuti vagovane nzvimbo yepasi. Nekuti izvo zviviri polar zvinoumba zvepasi parizvino zvinobva panzvimbo imwechete (iyo inoburitsa chinobatanidza chengetedzo kana mutoro wepasi) uye ese ari maviri anoyerera achidzokera kunzvimbo imwechete (iyo yakajairika pasi kubatanidza yeiyo yekupfuura capacitor), iyo yakanaka / yakaipa yazvino inoyerera kuburikidza nzira imwe chete. Kana kupokana kwekuisa kwechaini kukanganiswa ne (+ Vs) zvazvino, (- Vs) zvazvino zvine zvazvinoita pairi. Nekuti kukonzeresa kunokonzeresa kwakafanana zvisinei nekuwanda kwezvinhu, hapana kukanganisa, asi shanduko diki mukuwana kweiyo chiteshi ichaitika, sezvakaratidzwa muMufananidzo 6.

Maitiro ekuderedza harmonic kukanganisa mune pcb dhizaini

Kuti uone kukosha kuri pamusoro apa, marongero maviri akasiyana ePBB akashandiswa: dhizaini yakapusa (Mufananidzo 5) uye dhizaini yekudzora (Mufananidzo 6). Iko kukanganisa kwakaburitswa neiyo FHP3450 quad-inoshanda gudzazwi ichishandisa fairchild semiconductor inoratidzwa mune tafura 1. Iyo chaiyo bandwidth yeiyo FHP3450 ndeye 210MHz, iko kutsvedza i1100V / isu, iko kwekusarura kwazvino kuri 100nA, uye iko iko kushanda pane chiteshi kuri 3.6 MA. Sezvinoonekwa kubva paTafura 1, zvakanyanya kushatisa chiteshi, zvirinani kugadzirisa, kuti iwo mana magero angangoenzana mukuita.

Maitiro ekuderedza harmonic kukanganisa mune pcb dhizaini

Pasina yakanaka quad gudzazwi paPCB, kuyera mhedzisiro yeimwe gudzazwi chiteshi kunogona kunetsa. Zviripachena, yakapihwa gudzazwi gwara rinonetsekedza kwete iro chete rekuisa, asi kuiswa kweimwe nzira zvakare. Ikozvino pasi inoyerera nepakati pese dzakasiyana nzira yekuisa uye inogadzira akasiyana mhedzisiro, asi inokanganiswa nechimwe nechimwe chinobuda, chinoyerwa.

Tafura yechipiri inoratidza maumboni anoyerwa pane dzimwe nzira dzisina kusvetwa kana chiteshi chimwe chete chichiendeswa. Iyo isina kubvumidzwa chiteshi inoratidza diki chiratidzo (crosstalk) pane yakakosha frequency, asi zvakare inogadzira kukanganisa kwakanangidzirwa kwakanangidzirwa nepasi razvino mukushaikwa kwechimwe chakakosha chiratidzo chiratidzo. Kurongeka kwekudzikira kwakadzika muMufananidzo 6 kunoratidza kuti yechipiri harmonic uye yakazara harmonic kukanganisa (THD) hunhu hwakagadziridzwa zvakanyanya nekuda kwekubvisa-kwepedyo kwepasi kuitika.

Maitiro ekuderedza harmonic kukanganisa mune pcb dhizaini

Ichi chinyorwa pfupiso

Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, pane pcbb, iyo yekudzokera parizvino inoyerera kuburikidza akasiyana ekupfuura maaccitors (kune akasiyana magetsi magetsi) uye magetsi emagetsi pachawo, zvinoenderana nekuitisa kwayo. Iyo yakakwira-frequency chiratidzo chazvino inoyerera ichidzokera kune idiki yekupfuura capacitor. Yakadzika-frequency masaisai, senge yeavo maodhiyo ekuteerera, anogona kuyerera zvakanyanya kuburikidza neakakura ekupfuura ma capacitors. Kunyangwe iyo yepazasi frequency yazvino inogona “kusaremekedza” iyo yakazara yekudarika capacitance uye kuyerera yakananga yakananga kune iro rinotungamira simba. Iyo chaiyo yekushandisa ichaona kuti ndeipi nzira yazvino inonyanya kukosha. Neraki, zviri nyore kuchengetedza pasi rese nzira yazvino nekushandisa yakajairika nzvimbo poindi uye pasi inodarika capacitor padivi rekuburitsa.

Mutemo wegoridhe weiyo HF PCB dhizaini ndeyekuchengetedza iyo HF yekupfuura capacitor padhuze nepakaiswa simba pini sezvinobvira, asi kuenzanisa kweMufananidzo 5 uye Mufananidzo 6 unoratidza kuti kugadzirisa mutemo uyu kugadzirisa hunhu hwekukanganisa hakuite musiyano mukuru. Hunhu hwakagadziriswa hwekutsauka hwakauya pamubhadharo wekuwedzera nezve 0.15 inches yeakakwira-frequency ekupfuura capacitor wiring, asi izvi zvakange zvisina zvazvinobatsira pakuita kwe AC mhinduro yeFHP3450. Pcb magadzirirwo akakosha kuti awedzere mashandiro emhando yepamusoro gudzazwi, uye nyaya dzakurukurwa pano hadziganhurirwe ku hf amplifiers. Dzakadzika frequency masekisheni senge odhiyo ane zvakanyanya kuomarara kukanganisa. Iyo ivhu yazvino mhedzisiro idiki pane yakaderera mafurati, asi inogona kunge ichiri dambudziko rakakosha kana iyo inodiwa yekutsausa indekisi yakavandudzwa nenzira kwayo.