Marka signalka soo noqnoqda ee soo noqnoqda/microwave-ka sare lagu quudiyo PCB wareegga, khasaaraha uu keeno wareegga laftiisa iyo qalabka wareegga ayaa si lama filaan ah u dhalin doona xaddi kuleyl ah. Khasaaraha weyni, ayaa kor u kaca awoodda dhex mareysa walxaha PCB, iyo kuleylka weyn ee soo baxa. Marka heerkulka hawlgalka wareegga uu dhaafo qiimaha la qiimeeyay, wareeggu wuxuu keeni karaa dhibaatooyin. Tusaale ahaan, halbeegga hawlgalka caadiga ah ee MOT, kaas oo aad looga yaqaan PCB-yada, waa heerkulka ugu sarreeya ee hawlgalka. Marka heerkulka hawlgalka uu dhaafo MOT, waxqabadka iyo isku halaynta wareegga PCB waa la hanjabayaa. Isku darka qaabaynta korantada iyo cabbiraadaha tijaabada, fahamka sifooyinka kulaylka ee RF microwave PCBs waxay kaa caawin kartaa in laga fogaado hoos u dhaca waxqabadka wareegga iyo hoos u dhaca kalsoonida ee uu keeno heerkulka sare.

Fahamka sida luminta galinta ay ugu dhacdo agabka wareegga waxay gacan ka geysaneysaa in si wanaagsan loo qeexo arrimaha muhiimka ah ee la xiriira waxqabadka kulaylka ee wareegyada PCB-ga ee soo noqnoqda. Maqaalkani waxa uu qaadan doonaa wareegga xariiqda gudbinta microstrip tusaale ahaan si looga hadlo ganacsiga-offs ee la xidhiidha waxqabadka kulaylka ee wareegga. Wareegga microstrip ee leh qaab-dhismeedka PCB-ga laba-geesoodka ah, khasaaraha waxaa ka mid ah luminta dielectric, luminta kirishbooyada, luminta shucaaca, iyo luminta daadinta. Farqiga u dhexeeya qaybaha kala duwan ee khasaaraha waa weyn. Waxoogaa ka reeban, luminta wareegga-soo noqnoqda ee PCB waa mid aad u hooseeya. Maqaalkan, maadaama qiimaha luminta daadku uu aad u hooseeyo, waa la iska indhatiray doonaa wakhtiga la joogo.

Luminta shucaaca

Luminta shucaaca waxay ku xiran tahay cabbirro badan oo wareeg ah sida inta jeer ee hawlgalka, dhumucdiisuna waxay substrate wareegga, PCB dielectric joogto ah (qaraabo dielectric joogto ah ama εr) iyo qorshaha design. Ilaa hadda sida qorshayaasha naqshadeynta ka walaacsan yihiin, luminta shucaaca inta badan waxay ka timaadaa isbeddelka impedance liidata ee wareegga ama kala duwanaanshaha gudbinta hirarka korantada ee wareegga. Aagga beddelka impedance-ka wareegga inta badan waxa ku jira aagga quudinta calaamadda, barta impedance, stub iyo shabakad isku-habboon. Naqshadaynta wareegga macquulka ah waxay xaqiijin kartaa isbeddelka impedance siman, taas oo yaraynaysa khasaaraha shucaaca wareegga. Dabcan, waa in la ogaadaa in ay jirto suurtogalnimada isku-dheellitir la’aanta impedance taasoo horseedaysa luminta shucaaca meel kasta oo wareegga wareegga ah. Marka laga eego aragtida inta jeer ee hawlgalka, sida caadiga ah inta jeer ee badan, waa ka weyn yahay khasaaraha shucaaca wareegga.

Halbeegyada agabka wareegga ee la xidhiidha luminta shucaaca ayaa ah inta badan koronto joogto ah iyo dhumucda alaabta PCB. Marka uu dhumuc weyn yahay substrate-ka wareegga, ayaa sii weyneysa suurtagalnimada in uu keeno luminta shucaaca; hoos udhaca εr ee walxaha PCB, way sii weynaataa luminta shucaaca wareegga. Si guud oo loo miisaamo sifooyinka walxaha, isticmaalka substrates wareegga khafiifka ah waxaa loo isticmaali karaa hab lagu dhimo khasaaraha shucaaca ee ay sababaan qalabka wareegga hoose ee εr. Saamaynta dhumucda substrate-ka wareegga iyo εr ee luminta shucaaca wareegga waa sababtoo ah waa shaqo joogto ah oo ku xiran. Marka dhumucda substrate-ka wareeggu aanu ka badnayn 20mil oo inta jeer ee shaqadu ka hoosayso 20GHz, luminta shucaaca wareeggu aad buu u hooseeyaa. Maaddaama inta badan moodeelka wareegga wareegga iyo cabbiraadaha cabbirka ee maqaalkani ay ka hooseeyaan 20GHz, doodda maqaalkani waxay iska indho tiri doontaa saameynta luminta shucaaca ee kuleylka wareegga.

After ignoring the radiation loss below 20GHz, the insertion loss of a microstrip transmission line circuit mainly includes two parts: dielectric loss and conductor loss. The proportion of the two mainly depends on the thickness of the circuit substrate. For thinner substrates, conductor loss is the main component. For many reasons, it is generally difficult to accurately predict conductor loss. For example, the surface roughness of a conductor has a huge influence on the transmission characteristics of electromagnetic waves. The surface roughness of copper foil will not only change the electromagnetic wave propagation constant of the microstrip circuit, but also increase the conductor loss of the circuit. Due to the skin effect, the influence of copper foil roughness on conductor loss is also frequency-dependent. Figure 1 compares the insertion loss of 50 ohm microstrip transmission line circuits based on different PCB thicknesses, which are 6.6 mils and 10 mils, respectively

Natiijooyinka la cabbiray oo la ekaysiiyay

Qallooca sawirka 1 wuxuu ka kooban yahay natiijooyinka la cabbiray iyo natiijooyinka jilitaanka. Natiijooyinka jilitaanka waxaa lagu helay iyadoo la isticmaalayo Rogers Corporation ee MWI-2010 software xisaabinta impedance ee microwave. Software-ka MWI-2010 wuxuu soo xigtay isla’egyada gorfaynta ee waraaqaha caadiga ah ee goobta qaabaynta khadka microstrip. Xogta tijaabada ee Jaantuska 1 waxa lagu helay habka cabbiraadda dhererka kala duwan ee falanqeeyaha shabakadda vector. Waxaa laga arki karaa shaxanka 1 in natiijooyinka jilitaanka ee wadarta qalooca luminta ay asal ahaan waafaqsan yihiin natiijooyinka la cabbiray. Waxaa laga arki karaa shaxanka in lumitaanka kaari ee wareegga khafiifka ah (qalooca bidixda wuxuu u dhigmaa dhumucda 6.6 mil) waa qaybta ugu muhiimsan ee wadarta guud ee luminta. Marka dhumucda wareeggu kordho ( dhumucdiisuna waxay u dhigantaa qalooca midigta waa 10mil), khasaaraha dielectric iyo khasaaraha kirishbooyada u muuqdaan in ay soo dhawaadaan, iyo labada wada jir ah ka kooban yahay wadarta gelinta lumin.

Qaabka jilitaanka ee Jaantuska 1 iyo halbeegyada walxaha wareegga ah ee loo isticmaalo wareegga dhabta ah waa: dielectric joogto ah 3.66, khasaaraha khasaaraha 0.0037, iyo kooraska kooraska 2.8 um RMS. Marka dusha sare ee foornada naxaasta ah ee ka hooseeya walxaha wareegga isku midka ah la yareeyo, luminta kaarida ee wareegyada 6.6 iyo 10 ee jaantuska 1 ayaa si weyn hoos loogu dhigi doonaa; si kastaba ha ahaatee, saameyntu maaha mid muuqata wareegga 20 mil. Jaantuska 2 wuxuu muujinayaa natiijooyinka tijaabada laba walxood oo wareeg ah oo qalafsanaan kala duwan leh, kuwaas oo kala ah Rogers RO4350B™ walxaha wareegga wareegga ah ee leh qallafsanaan sarreeya iyo Rogers RO4350B LoPro ™ wareegga wareegga oo leh qallafsanaan hoose.

Sida ku cad Jaantuska 1 iyo Jaantuska 2, dhuuban substrate-ka wareegga, sare u kaca luminta wareegga. Tani waxay ka dhigan tahay in marka wareegga lagu quudiyo qadar go’an oo ah awoodda microwave ee RF, khafiifinta wareegga ayaa dhalin doonta kulayl badan. Marka si buuxda loo miisaamo arrinta kuleyliyaha wareegga, dhinaca kale, wareegga khafiifka ah wuxuu dhaliyaa kuleyl ka badan wareegga dhumucdiisuna tahay heerarka sare ee awoodda, laakiin dhinaca kale, wareegga khafiifka ah wuxuu heli karaa kulayl waxtar leh oo waxtar leh iyada oo loo marayo saxanka kulaylka. Heerkulka ilaa xad hooseeyo.

Si loo xalliyo dhibaatada kuleylka ee wareegga, wareegga khafiifka ah ee ku habboon waa inuu lahaadaa sifooyinka soo socda: factor khasaaro hoose ee walxaha wareegga, naxaas siman oo khafiif ah oo khafiif ah, εr hooseeya iyo kuleylka kuleylka sare. Marka la barbardhigo qalabka wareegga ee εr sare, ballaca kaari ee isku-dhafka la midka ah ee lagu helay xaaladda hoose ee εr wuxuu noqon karaa mid ka weyn, taas oo faa’iido u leh in la yareeyo lumitaanka wareegga wareegga. Marka loo eego aragtida kuleyliyaha wareegga wareegga, inkasta oo inta badan soo noqnoqda PCB substrates ay leeyihiin kulaylka kuleylka aad u liita marka loo eego kirishbooyada, kuleylka kulaylka ee qalabka wareegga ayaa weli ah cabbir aad u muhiim ah.

Doodo badan oo ku saabsan kuleyliyaha kulaylka ee substrates wareegyada ayaa lagu faahfaahiyay maqaaladii hore, maqaalkani wuxuu soo xigan doonaa qaar ka mid ah natiijooyinka iyo macluumaadka maqaaladii hore. Tusaale ahaan, isla’egta soo socota iyo Jaantuska 3 ayaa waxtar leh si loo fahmo arrimaha la xidhiidha waxqabadka kulaylka ee agabka wareegga PCB. Isla’egta, k waa heerkulka kulaylka (W/m/K), A waa aagga, TH waa heerkulka isha kulaylka, TC waa heerkulka isha qabow, iyo L waa masaafada u dhaxaysa isha kulaylka iyo isha qabow.