Ii-antenna zinovakalelo kwindawo ezingqongileyo. Therefore, when there is an antenna on the PCB, uyilo loyilo kufuneka luthathele ingqalelo iimfuno ze-antenna, njengoko oku kunokuchaphazela kakhulu ukusebenza kwe-wireless yesixhobo. Great care should be taken when integrating antennas into new designs. Nokuba izinto eziphathekayo, inani leeleya kunye nobukhulu bePCB inokuchaphazela ukusebenza kwe-eriyali.

Misa i-eriyali ukuphucula ukusebenza

Ii-eriyali zisebenza ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, kwaye kuxhomekeke kwindlela i-eriyali nganye ephuma ngayo, kunokufuneka ibekwe kwiindawo ezithile – ecaleni elifutshane, icala elide, okanye ikona ye-PCB.

Ngokubanzi, ikona yePCB yindawo elungileyo yokubeka i-eriyali. This is because the corner position allows the antenna to have gaps in five spatial directions, and the antenna feed is located in the sixth direction

Antenna manufacturers offer antenna design options for different positions, so product designers can choose the antenna that best fits their layout. Ngokwesiqhelo, iphepha ledatha lomenzi libonisa uyilo lwesalathiso, ukuba silandelwe, lubonelela ngokusebenza okuhle kakhulu.

Product designs for 4G and LTE typically use multiple antennas to build MIMO systems. In such designs, when multiple antennas are used at the same time, the antennas are usually placed at different corners of the PCB

Kubalulekile ukuba ungabeki nawaphi na amacandelo kwindawo ekufutshane kufuphi ne-eriyali njengoko inokuphazamisana nokusebenza kwayo. Ke ngoko, imigaqo ye-eriyali iya kuchaza ubungakanani bendawo egciniweyo, eyindawo ekufutshane nakwijikeleze i-eriyali ekufuneka igcinwe kude nezinto zesinyithi. Oku kuya kusebenza kumaleko ngamnye kwi-PCB. In addition, do not place any components or even install screws in this area on any layer of the board.

I-eriyali iphuma kwinqwelomoya ephantsi, kwaye inqwelomoya ephantsi inxulumene nokuphindaphinda apho i-eriyali isebenza khona. Ke ngoko, kungxamisekile ukubonelela ubungakanani obuchanekileyo kunye nendawo yendiza yomhlaba ye-antenna ekhethiweyo.

Inqwelomoya ephantsi

Ubungakanani benqwelomoya ephantsi komhlaba kufuneka buthathele ingqalelo naziphi na iingcingo ezisetyenziselwa ukunxibelelana nesixhobo kunye neebhetri okanye iintambo zombane ezisetyenziselwa ukunika amandla isixhobo. If the grounding plane is of the right size, ensure that cables and batteries connected to the device have less impact on the antenna

Ezinye ii-eriyali zinxulumene nenqwelomoya yokumisa, nto leyo ethetha ukuba iPCB ngokwayo iba yinxalenye esisiseko ye-eriyali ukulungelelanisa i-eriyali yangoku, kwaye umaleko ongezantsi we-PCB unokuchaphazela ukusebenza kwe-eriyali. Kule meko, kubalulekile ukuba ungabeki iibhetri okanye iiLCDS kufuphi ne-antenna.

Iphepha ledatha lomenzi kufuneka lihlale lichaza ukuba i-antenna ifuna ukumisa i-radiation ye-grounding plane kwaye, ukuba kunjalo, ubukhulu bendiza yokumisa efunekayo. This may mean that the gap area should surround the antenna.

Kufutshane namanye amacandelo e-PCB

Kubalulekile ukugcina i-eriyali ikude kwamanye amalungu anokuphazamisana nendlela emitha ngayo i-eriyali. Enye into ekufuneka uyilumkele ziibhetri; Izixhobo zetsimbi ze-LCD, ezifana ne-USB, i-HDMI kunye nezixhumi ze-Ethernet; Kwaye izinto ezinomsindo okanye ezinesantya esiphezulu ezihambelana nokutshintsha izixhobo zombane.

Umgama ofanelekileyo phakathi kwe-eriyali kunye nelinye icandelo uyahluka ngokobude becandelo. In general, if a line is drawn at an 8 degree Angle to the bottom of the antenna, the safe distance between the component and the antenna if it is below the line.

Ukuba kukho ezinye ii-eriyali ezisebenza ngamaza afanayo kwindawo, oko kunokubangela ukuba i-eriyali ezimbini ziphume, njengoko zichaphazela ukusasazeka kwemitha enye kwenye. Sicebisa ukuba oku kuncitshiswe ngokwahlukanisa ubuncinci -10 dB e-eriyali kumaza afikelela kwi-1 GHz kwaye ubuncinci -i-antenna ze-20 dB kwi-20 GHz. Oku kunokwenziwa ngokushiya isithuba esingakumbi phakathi kwee-eriyali okanye ngokuzijikelezisa ukuze zibekwe ngama-90 okanye i-180 degrees ngaphandle kwenye.

Uyilo lokuhambisa imigca

Iintambo zothumelo ziintambo ze-rf ezisasaza amandla e-RF ukuya nokusuka kwi-eriyali ukuhambisa iimpawu kwirediyo. Imigca yothumelo kufuneka yenzelwe ukuba ibe ngama-50, kungenjalo inokubonisa umqondiso kwirediyo kwaye ibangele ukuhla kumyinge we-signal-to-noise ratio (eyi-SNR), enokwenza ukuba abafumana irediyo bangabinantsingiselo. Ukubonakaliswa kulinganiswa njengomlinganiselo wamaza ombane (VSWR). A good PCB design will exhibit suitable VSWR measurements that can be taken when testing the antenna.

Sincoma uyilo ngononophelo lwemigca yokuhambisa. Okokuqala, umgca wokuhambisa kufuneka uthe tye, kuba ukuba uneekona okanye ukugoba, kunokubangela ilahleko. Ngokubeka i-perforations ngokulinganayo kumacala omabini ocingo, ingxolo kunye nokulahlekelwa kwezibonakaliso ezinokuchaphazela ukusebenza kwe-eriyali kunokugcinwa kwinqanaba eliphantsi, njengoko ukusebenza kunokuphuculwa ngokuhlukanisa ingxolo esasaza kunye neengcingo ezikufutshane okanye imigangatho yomhlaba.

Imigca yokudlulisa encinci ingabangela ilahleko enkulu. Icandelo elihambelana neRF kunye nobubanzi bomgca wothumelo zisetyenziselwa ukulungelelanisa i-eriyali ukuze isebenze kwi-impedance ye-50 ω. Ubungakanani bomgca wothumelo buchaphazela ukusebenza, kwaye umgca wokuhambisa kufuneka ube mfutshane ngokusemandleni ekusebenzeni kakuhle kwe-antenna.

Indlela yokufumana ukusebenza okungcono?

Ukuba uvumela inqwelomoya yokumisa efanelekileyo kwaye ubeke i-eriyali kwindawo entle kakhulu, unesiqalo esihle, kodwa kuninzi onokukwenza ukuphucula ukusebenza kwe-eriyali. Ungasebenzisa inethiwekhi ehambelanayo ukwenza i-eriyali- oku kuyakubuyekeza nakweyiphi na imeko enokuthi ichaphazele ukusebenza kwe-eriyali.

Icandelo eliphambili le-RF yi-eriyali, ehambelana nenethiwekhi kunye nemveliso yayo yeRF. Ubumbeko olubeka la malungu kufutshane lunciphisa ilahleko yomqondiso. Ngokufanayo, ukuba uyilo lwakho lubandakanya uthungelwano oluhambelanayo, i-eriyali iya kusebenza kakuhle kakhulu ukuba ubude bayo bocingo buhambelana noluchazwe kwiinkcukacha zemveliso yomenzi.

I-casing ejikeleze i-PCB inokwahluka. Iimpawu ze-eriyali azinakuhamba ngesinyithi, ke ukubeka i-eriyali kwindlu yesinyithi okanye kwindlu eneempawu zentsimbi ngekhe kuphumelele.

Kwakhona, lumka xa ubeka ii-eriyali kufutshane nomphezulu weplastiki, njengoko oku kunokubangela umonakalo omkhulu ekusebenzeni kwe-eriyali. Ezinye iiplastiki (umzekelo, i-fiberglass ezaliswe nayiloni) ziyalahleka kwaye zinokubola kwisignali yeRF ye-ANTENNA. Iplastiki inomlinganiselo ophezulu we-dielectric kunomoya, onokuchaphazela kakhulu umqondiso. Oku kuthetha ukuba i-eriyali iya kurekhoda i-dielectric engaguqukiyo ephezulu, inyusa ubude bombane we-eriyali kunye nokunciphisa ukuphindaphinda kwemitha ye-eriyali.