Ama-Antena ayazwela lapho ezungeze khona. Ngakho-ke, lapho kukhona i-antenna ku- PCB, ukwakheka kokuklanywa kufanele kubhekele izidingo ze-antenna, ngoba lokhu kungakuthinta kakhulu ukusebenza kwentambo kocingo. Kufanele kuqashelwe kakhulu lapho kuhlanganiswa ama-antenna emiklamo emisha. Ngisho nalokhu okubalulekile, inani lezendlalelo nokushuba kwe-PCB kungathinta ukusebenza kwe-antenna.

Beka i-antenna ukuze uthuthukise ukusebenza

Ama-Antena asebenza ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene, futhi kuya ngokuthi ama-antenna ngamanye aphuma kanjani, kungadingeka ukuthi abekwe ezikhundleni ezithile – ohlangothini olufushane, ohlangothini olude, noma ekhoneni le-PCB.

Ngokuvamile, ikhona le-PCB yindawo enhle yokubeka i-antenna. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi indawo esekhoneni ivumela ukuthi i-antenna ibe nezikhala ezindaweni ezinhlanu, futhi okuphakelayo kwe-antenna kutholakala ohlangothini lwesithupha.

Abakhiqizi be-antenna banikeza izinketho zokuklama izimpondo zezikhundla ezihlukene, ngakho abaklami bemikhiqizo bangakhetha uthi olufanelana kangcono nesakhiwo sabo. Imvamisa, ishidi ledatha lomkhiqizi likhombisa ukwakheka kwesethenjwa okuthi, uma kulandelwa, kunikeze ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu.

Imiklamo yomkhiqizo ye-4G ne-LTE ngokuvamile isebenzisa izinti eziningi ukwakha izinhlelo ze-MIMO. Emiklamo enjalo, lapho kusetshenziswa izimpondo eziningi ngasikhathi sinye, izimpondo zivame ukubekwa emakhoneni ahlukene e-PCB.

Kubalulekile ukuthi ungafaki noma yiziphi izinto enkundleni eseduze ne-antenna ngoba zingaphazamisa ukusebenza kwayo. Ngakho-ke, ukucaciswa kwe-antenna kuzocacisa ubukhulu bendawo ebekiwe, okuyindawo eseduze nezungeze i-antenna okumele igcinwe kude nezinto zensimbi. Lokhu kuzosebenza kungqimba ngalunye ku-PCB. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungabeki noma yiziphi izingxenye noma ufake izikulufi kule ndawo kunoma iyiphi ungqimba lwebhodi.

I-antenna iphumela endizeni yomhlaba, futhi indiza yomhlaba ihlobene nobuningi lapho i-antenna isebenza khona. Ngakho-ke, kuyaphuthuma ukuhlinzeka ngosayizi nendawo efanele yendiza yaphansi ye-antenna ekhethiwe.

Indiza yaphansi

Ubukhulu bendiza yaphansi kufanele futhi bucabangele noma yiziphi izintambo ezisetshenziselwa ukuxhumana nocingo namabhethri noma izintambo zikagesi ezisetshenziselwa ukunika amandla ucingo. Uma indiza ephansi inosayizi olungile, qinisekisa ukuthi izintambo namabhethri axhunywe kudivayisi anomthelela omncane othimbeni.

Amanye ama-antenna ahlobene nendiza egxilile, okusho ukuthi i-PCB uqobo iba yingxenye yesisekelo se-antenna ukulinganisa i-antenna yamanje, futhi ungqimba olungezansi lwe-PCB lungathinta ukusebenza kwe-antenna. Kulokhu, kubalulekile ukuthi ungabeki amabhethri noma ama-LCDs eduze kontanga.

Ishidi ledatha lomkhiqizi kufanele lihlale licacisa ukuthi ngabe i-antenna idinga imisebe yendiza yokubeka phansi futhi, uma kunjalo, ubukhulu bendiza egudlukayo iyadingeka. Lokhu kungase kusho ukuthi indawo yegebe kufanele izungeze uthi.

Eduze kwezinye izingxenye ze-PCB

Kubalulekile ukugcina i-antenna ikude nezinye izinto ezingaphazamisa indlela i-antenna ekhipha ngayo. Into eyodwa okufanele uyiqaphele amabhethri; Izingxenye zensimbi ye-LCD, njengezixhumi ze-USB, HDMI ne-Ethernet; Nezakhi ezinomsindo noma zejubane ezihlobene nokushintsha amandla kagesi.

Ibanga elifanele phakathi kwe-antenna nenye into liyahluka ngokuya ngobude besakhi. Ngokuvamile, uma umugqa udwetshwa nge-engeli engu-8 degree kuya phansi kothi, ibanga eliphephile phakathi kwengxenye nothi uma lingaphansi komugqa.

Uma kunamanye ama-antenna asebenza kumafrikhithi afanayo ezindaweni eziseduze, kungadala ukuthi ama-antenna amabili ahlule, ngoba athinta imisebe yomunye nomunye. Sincoma ukuthi lokhu kunciphiswe ngokuhlukanisa okungenani ama-antenna ayi -10 dB kumaza afinyelela ku-1 GHz futhi okungenani -20 dB antenna ku-20 GHz. Lokhu kungenziwa ngokushiya isikhala esithe xaxa phakathi kwezimpondo noma ngokuzishintshanisa ukuze zibekwe zihlukane ngama-90 noma ama-180 degrees.

Imigqa yokudlulisela yokwakha

Olayini bokuhambisa yizintambo ze-rf ezithumela amandla e-RF ziye noma zibuyele kwi-antenna ukudlulisa amasiginali kumsakazo. Olayini bokudlulisa kudingeka baklanyelwe ukuthi babe ngama-50, uma kungenjalo bangakhombisa amasiginali abuyele emsakazweni futhi babangele ukwehla kwe-signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), enganikeza abamukeli bomsakazo bube yize. Ukucabanga kukalwa njenge-voltage standing wave wave (VSWR). Idizayini enhle ye-PCB izobonisa izilinganiso ezifanele ze-VSWR ezingathathwa lapho kuhlolwa uthi.

Sincoma ukwakhiwa ngokucophelela kolayini bokudlulisa. Okokuqala, ulayini wokuhambisa kufanele uqonde, ngoba uma unamakhona noma ugoba, ungadala ukulahleka. Ngokubeka amapayipi ngokulinganayo ezinhlangothini zombili zocingo, umsindo nokulahleka kwesiginali okungathinta ukusebenza kwe-antenna kungagcinwa kube sezingeni eliphansi, njengoba ukusebenza kungathuthukiswa ngokuhlukanisa umsindo osakazeka ezintanjeni eziseduze noma izingqimba zomhlaba.

Izintambo zokudlulisa ezinciphile zingadala ukulahleka okukhulu. Isici sokufanisa i-RF nobubanzi bolayini wokudlulisa kusetshenziselwa ukulungisa i-antenna ukuze isebenze ekuphazamiseni okuthile okungama-50 ω. Usayizi womugqa wokudlulisa uthinta ukusebenza, futhi ulayini wokudlulisa kufanele ube mfushane ngangokunokwenzeka ekusebenzeni kahle kwe-antenna.

Ungakuthola kanjani ukusebenza kangcono?

Uma uvumela indiza efanelekile futhi ubeke i-antenna endaweni enhle kakhulu, unesiqalo esihle, kepha kuningi ongakwenza ukuze uthuthukise ukusebenza kwe-antenna. Ungasebenzisa inethiwekhi ehambisanayo ukushuna i-antenna – lokhu kuzonxephezela ngokwezinga elithile noma yiziphi izinto ezingathinta ukusebenza kosuku.

Ingxenye eyinhloko ye-RF yi-antenna, efana nenethiwekhi nokukhipha kwayo i-RF. Ukucushwa okubeka lezi zingxenye eduze kunciphisa ukulahleka kwesiginali. Ngokufanayo, uma idizayini yakho ifaka inethiwekhi efanayo, i-antenna izosebenza kahle kakhulu uma ubude bayo bezintambo bufana obuchazwe emininingwaneni yomkhiqizo womkhiqizi.

Izitokisi ezizungeze i-PCB nazo zingahluka. Izimpawu ze-antenna azikwazi ukuhamba ngensimbi, ngakho-ke ukubeka i-antenna ezindlini zensimbi noma ezindlini ezinezinsimbi ngeke kuphumelele.

Futhi, qaphela lapho ubeka ama-antenna eduze kwendawo eseplastiki, ngoba lokhu kungadala umonakalo omkhulu ekusebenzeni kwe-antenna. Amanye amapulasitiki (ngokwesibonelo, i-fiberglass egcwele inayiloni) ayalahleka futhi angabola kwisignali ye-RF ye-ANTENNA. Ipulasitiki inokuhlala okuphezulu kwe-dielectric kunomoya, ongathinta kakhulu isignali. Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-antenna izoqopha i-dielectric engaguquki ephakeme, inyuse ubude bukagesi we-antenna futhi inciphise imvamisa yemisebe ye-antenna.